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Spatial Analysis of Structural Changes and Floristic Distribution of Forest Landscapes in the Centre-West Region of Burkina Faso

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第9期12卷 246-268页

作者： Stéphane Koudougou oumar kaboré Space and Society Dynamics Laboratory Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso National Center for Scientific and Technological Research/Institute for Environment and Agricultural Research (CNRST/INERA) Space and Society Dynamics Laboratory of Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Land use and occupation dynamics impact landscape structure, diversity, richness and balance of vegetation cover. The aim of this study is to describe the process of fragmentation of the forest landscape from 1990 to 2020 and its effects on the degradation of the floristic characteristics of the vegetation in the Central West region of Burkina Faso. To achieve this, satellite data were collected and processed as part of a mapping approach to describing the landscape and the different types of landscape fragmentation. Mapping indices of landscape fragmentation (relative richness, change process, patch zones, Shannon diversity index) were also calculated. These indices were programmed in Idrisi Selva’s Landscape Pattern and change process analysis module. Spatio-temporal analysis revealed that in 1990, the landscape was dominated by natural vegetation formations, covering 66.33% of the territory. By 2020, these had been degraded to 44.80% by farmlands. The mapping analysis of indices also showed that the study area is characterized by four types of landscape fragmentation, including attrition, aggregation, creation and dissection. We also observed an abundant homogeneity, diversity and richness of conservation areas with legal and land tenure status. However, the structure is heterogeneous in landscapes outside protected areas and in areas under human occupation. This shows the crucial role played by conservation areas in preserving and balancing the diversity of vegetative cover in the study area.

关键词： Change Process Fragmentation Remote Sensing Landscape Burkina Faso

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Reactions of Maruca Resistant Transgenic Cowpea to Cowpea Aphid-Borne Mosaic Virus

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 742-753页

作者： Mounyratou Rabo Moustapha Ouédraogo Orokia Coulibaly Assita Traoré-Barro Salimata Traoré Teyioue Benoit Joseph Batieno Chantal kaboré-Zoungrana Aboubacar Toguyeni oumar Traoré Laboratoire National de Bioscurit Agence Nationale de Bioscurit (ANB) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de lEnvironnement et Recherches Agricoles Dpartement Productions Vgtales Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire dEtudes et de Recherches sur les Ressources Naturelles et les Sciences de lEnvironnement (LERNSE) Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire De Gntique et Amlioration Des Plantes (LAGAMEP) Institut de lEnvironnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire De Protection et Dfense Des Cultures (LAPRODEC) Institut de lEnvironnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. [Walp.]) in one of the main grain legumes contributing to food security and poverty alleviation in Sub-Saharan Africa. To control the highly damaging legume pod borer Maruca vitrata F., transgenic cowpea lines expressing the insecticidal Cry1Ab Bt protein were developed. In this study, we evaluated the impact of Cry1Ab transgene expression on the susceptibility of four cowpea lines (named IT97K-T, IT98K-T, Gourgou-T and Nafi-T) and their respective non-transgenic near isogenic lines (IT97K, IT98K, Gourgou and Nafi) to Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) in greenhouse conditions. In a preliminary quality control test by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the presence of Cry1Ab protein in transgenic seed lots ranged from 59% to 72%, with no significant differences among the lines (χ2 = 3.26;p = 0.35). Upon virus inoculation, all cowpea lines exhibited mosaic symptoms with similar severity between 7- and 11-day post-inoculation. No significant differences were observed in symptom severity. Significant differences were found between cowpea lines for time of symptom onset, virus accumulation in plants and days to 50% flowering. However, while comparing pairs of transgenic lines and corresponding non-transgenic lines, virus accumulation showed not significant differences whatever the pair. Time of symptom onset and days to 50% flowering did not also differ significantly between pairs of cowpea lines except Nafi/Nafi-T in which transgenic Nafi-T showed earlier symptoms (7.4 ± 0.7 vs. 8.9 ± 0.8 days post-inoculation) and shorter flowering time (37.3 ± 0.6 vs. 42 ± 1.7 days after sowing). Overall, these findings improve our understanding of the effects of Cry1Ab gene mediated genetic modification on cowpea infection by Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus, with potential implications for environmental safety assessment.

关键词： Cowpea Cry1Ab Cowpea Aphid-Borne Mosaic Virus Environmental Safety

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Reactions of Maruca Resistant Transgenic Cowpea to Cowpea Aphid -Borne Mosaic Virus

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Agricultural Sciences（农业科学） 2024年第7期 742页

作者： Mounyratou Rabo Moustapha Ouédraogo Orokia Coulibaly Assita Traoré-Barro Salimata Traoré Teyioue Benoit Joseph Batieno Chantal kaboré-Zoungrana Aboubacar Toguyeni oumar Traoré

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Protein Profiles of Pod Borer Maruca Resistant Transgenic Cowpea

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第12期14卷 1453-1463页

作者： Mounyratou Rabo Teyioue Benoit Joseph Batieno Assita Traoré-Barro Salimata Traoré Orokia Coulibaly Aboubacar Toguyeni Chantal kaboré-Zoungrana oumar Traoré Laboratoire National de Biosécurité Agence Nationale de Biosécurité (ANB) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de l’Environnement et Recherches Agricoles Département Productions Végétales Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire d’Etudes et de Recherches sur les Ressources Naturelles et les Sciences de l’Environnement (LERNSE) Université Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Génétique et amélioration des plantes (LAGAMEP) Institut de l’Environnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de protection et défense des cultures (LAPRODEC) Institut de l’Environnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The grain legume cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is a major protein source used for food and feed in Sub-Saharan Africa. The crop is affected by the pod borer Maruca vitrata against which transgenic lines were developed as part of the genetic control approach. This study aimed to assess the protein profiles in seeds and leaves of transgenic cowpea lines and their non-transgenic near-isogenic counterparts. Crude protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method, and soluble proteins were quantified using Bradford dye binding assay. The average crude protein content ranged between 21.61% and 26.58% in the seeds and between 10.86% and 17.90% in the leaves. Total solubility varied between 13.03% and 20.64%. Osborne’s protein fractions contents in the seeds were 52.41% - 69.52% (albumin), 4.62% - 7.19% (globulin), 7.95% - 11.40% (glutelin) and 3% - 4% (prolamin). In any case, protein content differed significantly between cowpea genotypes but not between pairs of transgenic/non-transgenic lines. Insecticidal Cry1Ab protein expressed by transgenic lines was only detected in the albumin and globulin fractions. Altogether, these findings enhance our understanding of the effects of genetic modification on cowpea protein content and composition, with potential implications for nutritional and safety assessments.

关键词： Cowpea Protein Cry1Ab Protein Fractions

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Microbiological Assessment and Antimicrobials’ Use in an Infectious Diseases Department in Mali

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Advances in Microbiology 2021年第8期11卷 384-398页

作者： Mikaila kaboré Issa Konaté Yacouba Cissoko Ibrehima Guindo Bintou Coulibaly Meli Hermine Aboubacar Alassane oumar Mariam Soumaré Assetou Fofana Abdoulaye Zaré Mohamed Aly Cissé Dramane Sogoba Omar Magassouba Hama Hamidou Issa Fodé Kouyaté Sounkalo Dao Infectious Diseases Department Point “G” University Teaching Hospital Bamako Mali Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB) Bamako Mali Laboratory and Biomedical Research Department National Institute of Public Health Bamako Mali Faculty of Pharmacy University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB) Bamako Mali Laboratory of Biomedical Analysis University Teaching Hospital of Kati Kati Mali Serefo Program University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB) Bamako Mali

The use of antimicrobials without microbiological proof is frequent and contributes to the emergence of resistance. The aim was to identify the organisms isolated during laboratory examinations and the type of antimicrobials consumed by patients hospitalized to Infectious Diseases’ Clinic. This is a cross-sectional and analytical study, carried out from January 1 to December 31, 2017 in the Infectious Diseases Department of Point “G” Teaching Hospital in Mali. All biological specimens from patients during the study period were analyzed. In total, 322 patients benefited from microbiological test, with a mean age of 40.9 ± 12.2 years (range 15 and 74 years) with a sex ratio of 0.93. Only 5.6% of patients were HIV negative. In all participants, a total of 658 microbiological specimen were taken, 224 (34.0%) identified at least one pathogen including bacteria in more than a half of the cases (58.5%). On the report of bacteriological analysis, the most frequently identified organisms were Mycobacterium tuberculosis (42.2%) mainly in sputum;Escherichia coli (24.2%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.8%) commonly in urine and Gardnerella vaginalis (7.0%) exclusively in vaginal secretions. Candida albicans (5/8) and Cryptococcus neoformans (3/8) were the most common fungi while Plasmodium falciparum (96.4%) represented the parasite frequently found in blood. From a therapeutic standpoint, 1143 antimicrobials were prescribed to 322 admitted patients, i.e. 3.55 anti-infectives per patient. Antibiotics (excluding tuberculosis drugs), antiparasitics and antifungals represented respectively 46.2%;18.8% and 15.1% of anti-infectives. Antibiotic therapy was effective in 274 (85.1%) patients and among them, only 76 (27.7%) cases were based on microbiological evidence. Antibiotics are the most widely used antimicrobials in an infectious disease department. Empiric treatments are common but must be minimized by the search for microbiol

关键词： Antimicrobial Microbiology Infectious Diseases Mali

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Influence of Age on the Clinical and Prognostic Features of Tetanus in Mali

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021年第3期12卷 77-86页

作者： Mikaï la kaboré Issa Konaté Yacouba Cissoko Jean Paul Dembélé Mariam Soumaré Assetou Fofana Dramane Sogoba oumar Magassouba Hermine Méli Abdoulaye Zaré Mohamed Aly Cissé Bintou Coulibaly Hama Hamidou Issa Fodé Kouyaté Japhet Dembélé Sounkalo Dao Infectious Diseases Department Point “G” University Teaching Hospital Bamako Mali Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB) Bamako Mali Serefo Program University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB) Bamako Mali

Background: The regression of post-vaccination immunity with age exposes elderly subjects to certain infectious diseases, in particular tetanus. The aim was to compare the clinical and prognostic features of tetanus according to the age of patients. Methodology: Analytical study of the files of patients hospitalized for tetanus in the Infectious Diseases Department at Point “G” University Teaching Hospital from 2013 to 2019 with retrospective collection. According to age, three groups of patients were formed: group I (Results: In total, 202 cases of tetanus were recorded or 7.3% of admissions. The mean age was 41.9 ± 15.6 years (range, 6 and 85 years) with a sex ratio of 19.2. According to the age grouping, group II was predominant (79.2%) followed by group III (14.9%) with respective mean ages of 39.2 ± 10.6 and 67.3 ± 6.5 and sex ratio of 39 and 29. Workers (33.3%), farmers (25.8%), traders (19.7%) and drivers (7.1%) represented the most important occupations most at risk. Clinically, bad general condition (p Conclusion: Tetanus is more prevalent in men. Complications and mortality increase with age. It is important to include booster immunization of adults in existing national programs in order to reduce disease-related morbidity and mortality in this age group.

关键词： Tetanus Elderly Clinical Prognosis Mali

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Neuropsychic Disorders Unmasking the Coexistence of Fahr Syndrome and Neuromeningeal Cryptococcosis

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2020年第11期9卷 329-334页

作者： Mikaila kaboré Issa Konaté Yacouba Cissoko Souleymane P. Coulibaly Jean-Paul Dembélé Assetou Fofana Mariam Soumaré Hermine Méli Dramane Sogoba oumar Magassouba Adama Sissoko Mohamed Aly Cissé Abdoulaye Zaré Bintou Coulibaly Fodé Kouyaté Moïse Nguemeni Sounkalo Dao Infectious Diseases Department Point “G” University Teaching Hospital Bamako Mali Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB) Bamako Mali Psychiatry Department Point “G” University Teaching Hospital Bamako Mali Neurology Department Point “G” University Teaching Hospital Bamako Mali Serefo Program University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB) Bamako Mali

Background: Fahr syndrome associates a set of neuropsychiatric manifestations with bilateral calcifications in the basal ganglia and phosphocalcic disorders. Neuromeningeal cryptococcosis can be present in its manifestations, neuropsychic disorders with or without meningeal signs. The objective was to describe a rare association between Fahr syndrome and neuromeningeal cryptococcosis which can be expressed by the same clinical symptomatology in the context of co-infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Presentation: A 37-year-old patient without pathological history, who presented behavioral disorders that led to a fight with those around her and a psychiatric consultation. Then, she was hospitalized in the infectious diseases Department upon discovery of her HIV status and viral hepatitis B. She was logorrheic with behavioral disturbances and subsequently presented with tonic-clonic convulsions. Laboratory tests and imaging have concomitantly discovered Fahr syndrome due to pseudohypoparathyroidism and neuromeningeal cryptococcosis. The correct management of these two pathologies enabled stabilization of the patient’s clinical condition with regular monitoring for HIV-HBV coinfection. Conclusion: Farh syndrome and neuromeningeal cryptococcosis are two different entities but sometimes similar symptoms and risk factors. Treatment of metabolic disorders combined with anticryptococcal therapy improved the prognosis.

关键词： Neuropsychic Disorders Neuromeningeal Cryptococcosis Fahr Syndrome Pseudohypoparathyroidism HIV

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Protein Profiles of Pod Borer Maruca Resistant Transgenic Cowpea

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American Journal of Plant Sciences（美国植物学期刊） 2023年第12期

作者： Mounyratou Rabo Teyioue Benoit Joseph Batieno Assita Traoré-Barro Salimata Traoré Orokia Coulibaly Aboubacar Toguyeni Chantal kaboré-Zoungrana oumar Traoré

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