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Comparison of methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete observation data with an application to age at puberty in dairy cattle

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 535-545页

作者： Melissa A.Stephen chris R.Burke Jennie e.Pryce Nicole M.Steele Peter R.Amer Susanne Meier Claire V.C.Phyn Dorian J.Garrick DairyNZ Ltd 605 Ruakura RoadHamilton 3240New Zealand AL Rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding-Massey University RuakuraHamilton 3214New Zealand Agriculture Victoria Research AgriBioCentre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoria 3083Australia School of Applied Systems Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoria 3083Australia AbacusBio DunedinNew Zealand

Background Many phenotypes in animal breeding are derived from incomplete measures,especially if they are challenging or expensive to measure *** include time-dependent traits such as reproductive status,or *** measures for these traits result in phenotypes that are subject to left-,interval-and rightcensoring,where phenotypes are only known to fall below an upper bound,between a lower and upper bound,or above a lower bound *** we compare three methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete data using age at first elevation(>1 ng/mL)in blood plasma progesterone(AGeP4),which generally coincides with onset of puberty,as an example *** We produced AGeP4 phenotypes from three blood samples collected at about 30-day intervals from approximately 5,000 Holstein–Friesian or Holstein–Friesian×Jersey cross-bred dairy heifers managed in 54 seasonal-calving,pasture-based herds in New *** used these actual data to simulate 7 different visit scenarios,increasing the extent of censoring by disregarding data from one or two of the three *** methods for deriving phenotypes from these data were explored:1)ordinal categorical variables which were analysed using categorical threshold analysis;2)continuous variables,with a penalty of 31 d assigned to right-censored phenotypes;and 3)continuous variables,sampled from within a lower and upper bound using a data augmentation *** Credibility intervals for heritability estimations overlapped across all methods and visit scenarios,but estimated heritabilities tended to be higher when left censoring was *** sires with at least 5 daughters,the correlations between estimated breeding values(eBVs)from our three-visit scenario and each reduced data scenario varied by method,ranging from 0.65 to *** estimated breed effects also varied by method,but breed differences were smaller as phenotype censoring *** Our results indicate that using

关键词： Cattle Gibbs sampler Markov-chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) Puberty

A remarkable class of elliptic surfaces of amplitude 1 in weighted projective spaces

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Science China Mathematics 2024年

作者： Gregory Pearlstein chris Peters Wim Nijgh Department of Mathematics University of Pisa Department of Mathematics & Computer Science Technical University of Eindhoven Department of Mathematics University of Leiden

Surfaces of amplitude 1 in the ordinary projective space are of the general type, but this need not be the case in weighted projective spaces. Indeed, there are 4 classes of quasi-smooth weighted hypersurfaces in P（1, 2, a, b） of amplitude 1 with an elliptic pencil cut out by hyperplanes. Their moduli spaces are constructed,and the monodromy of their universal families is determined as well as their period maps which turn out to be generally immersive. For those that are not, a mixed Torelli theorem holds. We added an application to certain compactifications of moduli spaces of surfaces of the general type with K2= 1, pg= 2 and q = 0 as a follow up of Gallardo et al.（2022）, as well as detailed SageMath-calculations. The appendix written by Wim Nijgh shows that the general member of the types 1 and 2 elliptic family has a “trivial” Picard lattice, i.e., is spanned by fiber components and a multisection.

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Suppressive effects of exercise-conditioned serum on cancer cells:A narrative review of the influence of exercise mode,volume,and intensity

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 484-498,F0003页

作者： Francesco Bettariga Dennis R.Taaffe Daniel A.Galvao chris Bishop Jin-Soo Kim Robert U.Newton exercise Medicine Research Institute Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWA 6027Australia School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWA 6027Australia London Sport Institute School of Science and TechnologyMiddlesex UniversityLondonNW44BTUK School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia

Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,and the incidence is increasing,highlighting the need for effective strategies to treat this *** has emerged as fundamental therapeutic medicine in the management of cancer,associated with a lower risk of recur-rence and increased *** avenues of research demonstrate reduction in growth,proliferation,and increased apoptosis of cancer cells,including breast,prostate,colorectal,and lung cancer,when cultured by serum collected after exercise in vitro(i.e.,the cultivation of cancer cell lines in an experimental setting,which simpliﬁes the biological system and provides mechanistic insight into cell responses).The underlying mechanisms of exercise-induced cancer suppressive effects may be attributed to the alteration in circulating factors,such as skeletal muscle-induced cytokines(i.e.,myokines)and ***,exercise-induced tumor suppressive effects and detailed information about training interventions are not well investigated,constraining more precise application of exercise medicine within clinical *** date,it remains unclear what role different training modes(i.e.,resistance and aerobic training)as well as volume and intensity have on exercise-condi-tioned serum and its effects on cancer ***,the available evidence is that a single bout of aerobic training at moderate to vigorous intensity has cancer suppressive effects,while for chronic training interventions,exercise volume appears to be an inﬂuential candidate driving cancer inhibitory effects regardless of training *** for future research investigating training modes,volume and intensity are provided to further our understanding of the effects of exercise-conditioned serum on cancer cells.

关键词： Cancer cells High intensity interval training Moderate intensity continuous training Resistance training Myokines

Anomalous thermal expansion and enhanced magnetocaloric effect in<001>-textured Mn_(x)Fe_(5-x)Si_(3) alloys

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Rare Metals 2024年第5期43卷 2263-2274页

作者： Yong Gong Xue-Fei Miao Tapas Samanta chris Taake Jun Liu Feng-Jiao Qian Yan-Yan Shao Yu-Jing Zhang Qing-Yong Ren Luana Caron Feng Xu MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic and Intermetallic Materials Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China Department of Physics Bielefeld University33501BielefeldGermany College of Physics Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210016China Institute of High energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan523803China Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Neutron Scattering Science and Technology Dongguan523803China Department of Physics Bielefeld University33501BielefeldGermany Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie12489BerlinGermany

The development of zero and negative therma expansion(i.e.,ZTe and NTe)materials is of crucial importance to the control of undesirable thermal expansion for high-precision *** the present work,ZTe and NTe were obtained in directionally-solidified Mn_(x)Fe_(5-x)Si_(3)alloys with a strongtexture,in striking contrast to positive thermal expansion in their isotropic counterparts Magnetometry and in-situ X-ray diffraction(XRD)measurements were performed to uncover the origin of the anomalous thermal *** measurements indicate a strong easy-plane magnetocrystalline anisotropy in the textured samples,where the magnetic moments are aligned within the ab plane of the hexagonal structure Temperature-dependent XRD on the x=1 sample reveals a ZTe character in the ab plane that is coupled to a ferromagnetic *** a result,the macroscopic ZTe(~0.22×10^(-6)K^(-1))in the x=1 sample can be attributed to the microscopic magneto volume effect within the ab plane,which is realized by the introduction of the-textured ***,the competition between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic exchange coupling leads to NTe in textured x=1.5 and 2 ***,textured x=1 sample displays enhanced magnetocaloric properties as compared to the conventional counterparts with randomly-oriented *** this work demonstrates a new strategy toward the exploration of anomalous thermal expansion properties as well as the enhancement of magnetocaloric properties for materials with a strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy.

关键词： MnFeySis Magnetocaloric effect Magnetic phase transition Negative thermal expansion

An alfalfa MYB-like transcriptional factor MsMYBH positively regulates alfalfa seedling drought resistance and undergoes MsWAV3-mediated degradation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第4期66卷 683-699页

作者： Kun Shi Jia Liu Huan Liang Hongbin Dong Jinli Zhang Yuanhong Wei Le Zhou Shaopeng Wang Jiahao Zhu Mingshu Cao chris S.Jones Dongmei Ma Zan Wang College of Grassland Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre Palmerston North 4442New Zealand International Livestock Research Institute Nairobi 00100Kenya School of ecology and environment Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021China

Drought is a major threat to alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)*** discovery of important alfalfa genes regulating drought response will facilitate breeding for drought-resistant alfalfa ***,we report a genome-wide association study of drought resistance in *** identified and functionally characterized an MYB-like transcription factor gene(MsMYBH),which increases the drought resistance in *** with the wild-types,the biomass and forage quality were enhanced in MsMYBH overexpressed *** RNA-seq,proteomics and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that MsMYBH can directly bind to the promoters of MsMCP1,MsMCP2,MsPRX1A and MsCARCAB to improve their *** outcomes of such interactions include better water balance,high photosynthetic efficiency and scavenge excess H_(2)O_(2)in response to ***,an e3 ubiquitin ligase(MsWAV3)was found to induce MsMYBH degradation under long-term drought,via the 26S proteasome ***,variable-number tandem repeats in MsMYBH promoter were characterized among a collection of germplasms,and the variation is associated with promoter ***,our findings shed light on the functions of MsMYBH and provide a pivotal gene that could be leveraged for breeding drought-resistant *** discovery also offers new insights into the mechanisms of drought resistance in alfalfa.

关键词： alfalfa drought resistance e3 ubiquitin ligase MsMYBH MsWAV3 MYB-like transcriptional factor

Changes in hydrological regime in High Arctic non-glaciated catchment in 1979-2020 using a multimodel approach

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2022年第4期13卷 517-530页

作者： Marzena osuch Tomasz WAWRZYNIAK Marta MAJeRSKA Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 01-452Poland

Assessing hydrological consequences of climate change at the catchment scale is recently among key problems in *** study focuses on the estimation of changes in the hydrological regime in the Fuglebekken catchment in SW Spitsbergen(Svalbard).For this purpose,50 rainfll-runoff models were calibrated using available hydrometeorological *** models were validated based on archival flow and SWe observations,and proxy data from time-lapse *** models(FLeX-IS,GSM-SOCONT,PRMS,HBV,Nordic HBV,and GR4J)with the best performance were applied to reconstruct the past hydrological conditions and analyse the trends in flow regime in the period *** significant changes at 0.05 level in the flow regime indicators were detected,including the number of days with the active flow during the calendar year(10.8 d per decade),during the mid-May-November period(9.8 d per decade),the date of the first day with the flow(-4.7 d per decade),and the last day with the flow during mid-May-November(8.4 d per decade).A statistically significant increase in runoff was estimated for two periods from mid-May to the end of June and the second part of August till *** changes in the first period result from increases in air temperature and earlier snowmelt-driven *** estimated runoff increase in the second period corresponds to large increases in *** increase in air temperature,earlier disappearance of snow,and decrease in precipitation in July and the first part of August result in runoff *** presented results show that the Fuglebekken‘catchment's hydrological regime has already *** magnitude of the changes is larger compared to catchments located in lower latitudes.

关键词： Hydrological regime Climate change Svalbard High Aretic catchment hydrology Multimodel approach

Variable frequency deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus to improve freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease

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National Science Review 2024年第06期 102-104页

作者： Fumin Jia Aparna Wagle Shukla Wei Hu Yu Ma Jianguo Zhang Leonardo Almeida chris Kao Yi Guo Shizhong Zhang Yingqun Tao Zhipei Ling Xin Xu Zhiquan Yang Fan-gang Meng Xinhua Wan Hesheng Liu Peter e.Konard Luming Li National engineering Laboratory for Neuromodulation Tsinghua University University of Florida Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University School of Medicine Vanderbilt University Peking Union Medical College Hospital ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Chinese PLA General Hospital Xiangya Hospital Central South University Beijing Neurosurgical Institute Capital Medical University Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Harvard Medical School Precision Medicine & Healthcare Research Center Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute Man-Machine-environment engineering Institute School of Aerospace EngineeringTsinghua University Center of epilepsy Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a welle-stablished therapy for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) presenting with medication refractory tremors, motor fluctuations and dyskinesias induced by dopaminergic medications [1]. However,traditional high-frequency stimulation(HFS) does not effectively control axial symptoms such as gait dysfunction,postural instability and freezing of gait(FOG)[2,3].

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Physicochemical aspects of allanite flotation

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Journal of Rare earths 2014年第5期32卷 476-486页

作者： Adam Jordens chris Marion Olga Kuzmina Kristian e.Waters Department of Mining and Materials engineering McGill University

This paper investigated the physicochemical properties of allanite, a Re-silicate, by measuring zeta potential in the absence and presence of three different flotation collectors （benzohydroxamic acid, sodium oleate and dodecylamine）. This data was then verified by microflotation experiments and with bubble-particle attachment pictures. The investigated properties of allanite were com- pared to those of quartz, a common gangue mineral in many Re deposits. The results of this work indicated that only dodecylamine was able to achieve a selective separation of allanite and quartz. This was accomplished by lowering the dodecylamine dosage so that only quartz was recovered by microflotation.

关键词： allanite flotation surface chemistry zeta potential bubble-particle attachment rare earths

Compensatory foraging in Trinidadian guppies： effects of acute and chronic predation threats

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Current Zoology 2014年第3期60卷 323-332页

作者： chris K. eLVIDGe Indar RAMNARINe Grant e. BROWN Department of Biology Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke St West Montreal QC H4B 1R6 Canada Department of Life Sciences University of the West Indies St Augustine Trinidad and Tobago

In response to acute predation threats, prey may sacrifice foraging opportunities in favour of increased predator avoidance. Under conditions of high or frequent predation risk, such tradeoffs may lead to reduced fitness. Here, we test the pre diction that prey reduce the costs associated with lost opportunities following acute predation threats by exhibiting shortterm compensatory foraging responses. Under seminatural conditions, we exposed female guppies Poecilia reticulate from high and low predation risk sites to one of three levels of acute predation threat （high, intermediate or low concentrations of conspecific alarm cues）. Our results confirm previous reports, demonstrating that guppies from a high predation site were consistently ＇bolder＇（shorter escape latencies） and exhibited graded threatsensitive responses to different simulated threat levels while those from the low predation site were ＇shyer＇ and exhibited nongraded responses. Most importantly, we found that when guppies from low predation sites resumed foraging, they did so at rates significantly lower than baseline rates. However, guppies from high preda tion sites resumed foraging either at rates equal to baseline （in response to low or intemaediate risk stimuli） or significantly in creased relative to baseline rates （in response to high risk stimuli）. Together, these results highlight a complex compensatory be havioral mechanism that may allow prey to reduce the longterm costs associated with predator avoidance [Current Zoology 60 （3）： 323-332, 2014 ].

关键词： Compensatory behaviour Predator-prey interactions Personality Threat-sensitivity Trade-offs