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Stimulation of the Protective Response to Actinomycetoma by nocardia brasiliensis in Mice Treated with Candida albicans Antigens

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Advances in Microbiology 2014年第6期4卷 297-305页

作者： Alejandro Palma-Ramos Violeta Karen Espinosa-Antunez Laura Estela Castrillón-Rivera oralia nájera-medina María Elisa Vega-Memije Roberto Arenas-Guzmán María Elisa Drago-Serrano Teresita Sainz-Espunes Department of Biological Systems Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-XochimilcoMexico CityMexico Department of Health Care Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-XochimilcoMexico CityMexico General Hospital“Manuel Gea González”Dermatology Service Mexico City Health SecretaryMexico CityMexico General Hospital“Manuel Gea González”Mycology Service Mexico City Health SecretaryMexico CityMexico

Actinomycetoma is a chronic subcutaneous lesion caused by the pathogenic bacterium nocardia (n.) brasiliensis. Yeast antigens of Candida (C.) albicans increase the interferon (IFn)-γ and TCD4+ cells levels that enhance the phagocytic killing of n. brasiliensis, able to survive inside phagocytes and to grow in clustered colonies that form grains. The aim of this work was to test the effect of a crude protein extract of C. albicans on the levels of IFn-γ producing TCD4+ cells and on the outcome of actinomycetoma lesion. Five BALB/c mice with n. brasiliensis infection at left hind footpad were treated four times every other day with C. albicans crude protein extract (CPE). Five uninfected mice treated with CPE or infected mice treated with sterile phosphate-saline buffer were included as positive and negative control groups, respectively. Footpad thickness was recorded in all groups. Once the treatments were finished, single cell suspensions from blood and spleen were prepared for assessing the amount (%) of IFn-γ producing TCD4+ cells by cytofluorometry;presence of TCD4+ and IFn-γ in footpad sections was detected by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, respectively. By comparison with the negative control group, infected mice treated with CPE had lower footpad thickness, higher percentage of blood and spleen IFn-γ producing TCD4+ cells as well as in situ presence of IFn-γ and TCD4+ cells. These findings showed that CPE from C. albicans displayed an immunoadjuvant activity that enhanced the presence of IFn-γ producing TCD4+ cells and IFn-γ for the resolution of n. brasiliensis actinomycetoma in mice.

关键词： Actinomycetoma nocardiabrasilensis Candidaalbicans

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Memory AnD effector cells in children with bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts

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Open Journal of Immunology 2012年第4期2卷 202-209页

作者： Monika Palacios-Martínez María Cristina González-Torres Leonor Rodríguez-Cruz Rubén D. Martínez-Pérez Consuelo del Carmen Cortés-Bejar Fernando Valencia-Chavarria Daniel Martínez-Gómez oralia nájera-medina Departamento de Atención a la Salud Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal Facultad de Medicina-Universidad nacional Autónoma de México Hospital Materno-Pediátrico Xochimilco del Gobierno del DF

Infections in infants and children under five years of age are a public health in México and are one of the major causes of death. Methods In this study, lymphocyte immunophenotyping for CD3+ (T-cells), CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD19+, CD3+CD16/56+, CD45RA+, CD45RO+, CD62L- and CD28- were determined in the whole blood of gastrointestinal and respiratory bacterial infected children, using a four-color flow cytometry technique. Results: Our data showed that the percentages and the absolute numbers of monocytes and granulocytes are increased in infected children, when compared to the control group. Similarly, we observed increases in the percentages of B lymphocytes, CD8+ cells, memory T cells (CD4+CD45RO+ and CD8+CD45RO+) and effector lymphocytes (CD4+CD62L? and CD8+CD28?) in infected children compared with the control group. In contrast, naive T cells were decreased in the bacterial infected children relative to the control group. Additionally, we used ELISA assays to identify the pathogen agent in gastrointestinal and respiratory infection. Comparing different types of infection, we found that the children with respiratory bacterial infections had higher percentages of B lymphocytes, and cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+CD28-);and the children with gastrointestinal infections had higher percentages of CD3+ lymphocytes and effector cells (CD4+CD62L-). Conclusions The increase in B lymphocytes and CD8+CD28- cells in the children with respiratory infections and the increase of T lymphocytes and CD4+CD62L- cells in the children with gastrointestinal bacterial infections indicate that both cellular and humoral responses coincide, and both responses are necessary for eliminating the pathogen.

关键词： Memory Cells Effector Cells Bacterial Infection Immune Response

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Adverse events in critical care: Search and active detection through the Trigger Tool

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2018年第1期7卷 9-15页

作者： Francisco J Molina Paula T Rivera Alejandro Cardona Diana C Restrepo oralia Monroy Daniel Rodas Juan G Barrientos Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana School of Medicine Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Faculty of nursing Universidad de Caldas School of Medicine Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana

AIM To investigate the incidence of disadvantageous events by using the Global Trigger Tool in an intensive care unit(ICU).METHODS A retrospective descriptive study was performed in a 12-bed university ICU in the city of Medellin, Colombia. Clinical charts of hospitalized patients were reviewed, between January 1 and December 31, 2016, with the following inclusion criteria: subjects aged over 18 years, with at least 24 h of hospitalization and who had a complete medical history that could be accessed. Interventions: Trained reviewers conducted a retros pective examination of medical charts searching for clue events that elicit investigation, in order to detect an unfavorable event. Measurements: Information was processed through SPSS softwareversion 21; for numerical variables, the mean was reported with standard deviation(SD). Percentages were calculated for qualitative variables. RESULTS Two hundred and forty-four triggers occurred, with 82.4% of subjects having presented with at least one and an average of 3.37 (SD 3.47). A total of 178 adverse events (AEs) took place in 48 individuals, with an incidence of 52.1%. On average, four events per patient were recorded, and for each unfortunate event, 1.98 triggers were presented. The most frequent displeasing issues were: pressure ulcers(17.6%), followed by complications or reactions to medical devices(4.3%), and lacerations or skin defects(3.7%); the least frequent was delayed diagnosis or treatment (0.56%). Thirty-eight point four percent of mishap events caused temporary damage that required intervention, and 48.9% of AEs were preventable. Comparison between AEs and admission diagnoses found that hypertension and sepsis were the only diagnoses that had statistical significance (P = 0.042 and 0.022, respectively).COnCLUSIOn Almost half of the unfavorable issues were classified as avoidable, which leaves a very wide field of work in terms of preventative activities.

关键词： Adverse events Critical care Trigger Tool Complications Security

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