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Correlates of Tobacco and Marijuana Use among Urban Dwellers in Enugu, Nigeria

Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2019年第7期9卷 80-94页

作者： onodugo obinna Donatus Orjioke Casmir Obumneme Bennett Anyim Ezeala-Adikaibe Birinus Adikaibe Chime Peter onodugo Pauline Nkiruka Mbadiwe Nkeiruka Obumneme-Anyim Ijeoma Nnenne Ekochin Fintan Achor Justin Ezeala-Adikaibe Ngozi Praise Department of Medicine University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Pediatrics University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Enugu Enugu Nigeria Department of Community Medicine University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria

Introduction: Tobacco and marijuana use is a public health challenge all over the world and especially in Sub Saharan Africa. The combination of low socioeconomic status and substance use can be described as a social and economic disaster for many poor families of Africa. While majority of studies concentrated on cigarette smoking, few studies in Nigeria has been conducted on non-smoke forms of tobacco. The burden of marijuana abuse is also rising in the Nigeria. Similar to cigarette smoking, cannabis use is more common among males. Knowledge of the pattern of tobacco and cannabis use in the community is important considering the public health implications. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of tobacco (cigarette smoking and snuff) and cannabis use among adults in an urban communities Enugu, southeast Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in urban slum settlements in Enugu, the capital of Enugu State, southeast Nigeria. Using a semi structured questionnaire, we collected data selected socio-demographic characteristics, including tobacco use and cannabis use in the last 30 days. The study was conducted between August and December 2013. For database management and statistical analyses, we used the SPSS version 23. Results: The total number of individuals recruited in the study was 1572;844 (52.8%) females and 728 (45.5%) males with a male to female ratio of 0.9:1. Tobacco was used by a total of 270 (17.2%) individuals within the last 4 weeks and marijuana by 23 (1.5%) of the population. Overall, 280 (17.8%) used either one or both tobacco and marijuana. While snuff was predominately used from 60 years and above, cigarette smoking peaked at 30 - 39 years and marijuana use peaked at a younger age of 20 - 29 years. Cigarette smoking positively correlated with male gender (male 1, female 0) and alcohol use (Yes 1, No 0). P Conclusion: The prevalence of cigarette smoking (5.5%), snuff (11.6%) and marijuana use (1.6%) wa

关键词： Tobacco Cigarette Snuff Alcohol Marijuana Nigeria

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Factors Associated with Asymptomatic Proteinuria in Adult Nigerians. A Community-Based Study

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Health 2019年第6期11卷 609-620页

作者： obinna onodugo Adikaibe Ezeala-Adikaibe Casmir Orjioke Pauline Nkiruka onodugo Uchenna Nkemdilim Ijoma Peter Chime Nkeiruka Mbadiwe Chinwe Onyekonwu Obumneme Benneth Anyim Ijeoma Nnenne Obumneme-Anyim Ekenechukwu Young Chidimma Brenda Nwatu Julius Uwabunkeonye Okoye Monday Ume Nwobodo Department of Medicine University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Medicine Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Pediatrics University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria

Introduction: Early detection of proteinuria is early detection is a cost-effective method of assessing individuals with and without risk factors for chronic renal disease. Proteinuria is common in adults and may present a clinical challenge in the absence of obvious renal disease or risk factors especially in the tropics. Few studies in Nigeria have assessed the prevalence of proteinuria in adults using the dipstick method. The aim of this study was to document the prevalence of proteinuria among residents of a community in Enugu, south east Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in an isolated urban slum settlement in Enugu, south east Nigeria. Dipstick testing of freshly voided early morning mid-stream urine samples was done to detect proteinuria. For database management and statistical analyses, SPSS version 23 was used. Results: A total of 262 individuals were recruited for the study, 165 (63%) females and 97 (37%) males. The participants’ age ranged from 18 to 90 years, averaging 43.7 ± 15.5. Trace amounts of protein were detected in urine samples of 225 (85.9%) individuals. Significant proteinuria was detected in 3.8% of the participants and was significantly higher 40 - 49-year-olds (6%). p = 0.02 and 0.02 respectively. Significant correlates of proteinuria were lower diastolic blood pressure and current tobacco use. Lower body mass index weakly correlated with proteinuria. Conclusion: The prevalence of significant early morning proteinuria in a community-based study in Enugu was 3.8%. Significant correlates of proteinuria included low diastolic blood pressure and tobacco use. Community based awareness programs targeted at prevention of chronic renal diseases should be incorporated in public health programs.

关键词： Proteinuria Chronic Renal Disease Risk Factors Nigeria

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The Prevalence of Stroke Survivors in Urban Slums in Enugu, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2019年第6期9卷 51-67页

作者： Oluchi Stella Ekenze Ezeala-Adikaibe Birinus Adikaibe onodugo obinna Chime Peter Orjioke Casmir onodugo Pauline Nkiruka Mbadiwe Nkeiruka Onyekonwu Chinwe Ijoma Nkemdilim Uchenna Okoye Julius Uwabunkeonye Obumneme-Anyim Ijeoma Nnenne Ekochin Fintan Ernest Okwundu Nwazor Emmanuel Uzodimma Iwuozo Department of Medicine University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Pediatrics University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Medicine Federal Medical Center Owerri Nigeria Federal Medical Center Makurdi Nigeria

Background: Stroke is one of the commonest non-communicable diseases and the commonest cause of death in adult neurology wards. Stroke preva-lence in sub Saharan Africa has dramatically increased over the past decades possibly due to changing life styles, poverty, poor health infrastructures which had led to increased risk factors for stroke. Poor nutrition and lack of access to standard medical care, predispose to high rates of stroke morbidity and mor-tality hence possible low prevalence. Little is known about the prevalence of stroke in people with low socio-economic status in Nigeria. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of stroke in two urban slums in south east Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study carried out in two slums in Enugu, South East Nige-ria. Participants were screened using a stroke specific questionnaire and further examined by two independent neurologists for evidence of focal neurological deficits. Analysis was done by SPSS version 22. Results: A total of 1440 par-ticipants were surveyed in the study;769 (53.4) females and 671 (46.6%) males. About 22.3% (321) screened positive for various neurological diseases out of which 17 (5.3%) had evidence for stroke giving an overall prevalence of 1.2% (males 9 (1.3%) vs females 8 (1%) p = 0.6). The mean age of stroke sur-vivors was 60.1 years, similar in males and females (p = 0.6). The odds ratio for stroke from 40 years showed progress increment doubling between 60 and 70 years and tripled between 40 and 70 years. Age, lower level of education, positive history of hypertension, sickle cell disease, leg swelling and use of snuff positively are correlated with clinical diagnosis of stroke. Conclusion: The prevalence of stroke in two urban slums in Enugu metropolis was 12/1000. Hypertension, diabetes, use of snuff, and low levels of education were signifi-cant risk factors for stroke. Public health educational measures, promoti

关键词： Stroke Prevalence Nigeria

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Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes among Adults in an Urban Slum in South East Nigeria

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2018年第4期8卷 131-144页

作者： Birinus Adikaibe Ezeala-Adikaibe Nkeiruka Mbadiwe Celestine Okwara obinna onodugo Chinwe Onyekonwu Uchenna Ijoma Oluchi Stella Ekenze Casmir Orjioke Peter Chime Eddy Aneke Chidimma Brenda Nwatu Ekenechukwu Young Obumneme Anyim Department of Medicine University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Medicine Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria

Background: Despite the rising prevalence of diabetes in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa, few studies have assessed the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes in people with low socioeconomic status or urban slums. Methods: Using the WHO STEP-wise approach to surveillance of noncommunicable diseases, we estimated the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes among adults 20 years and older living in two urban slums in Enugu south east Nigeria. Diabetes was defined as previous history of diabetes, use of hypoglycemic agents and fasting blood glucose within the diabetes range on two occasions during the survey period. Study duration was 5 months. Results: Out of the 811 individuals invited to the clinic, 605 (74.6%) participants had their fasting blood glucose measured based on the study protocol. The prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in the population was 11.7% (95% CI;9.2 - 14.3) and 7.6% (95% CI;5.0 - 9.7) respectively. About 54.9% were newly detected and 28.1% of them had normal control. The prevalence of diabetes peaked at 55 - 64 years. The odds ratio for diabetes was significantly higher in participants ≥ 45 years (1.033, 95% CI;1.208 - 3.420), participants with hypertension (0.442, 95% CI;0.257 - 0.762) and stroke (1.638, 95% CI;0.459 - 5.848). Conclusion: There is a relatively high prevalence of diabetes among adults in two urban slums in Enugu. Public health educational measures promoting prevention and early detection of diabetes should be encouraged. Efforts should be made to educate the populace on the need for early detection and treatment.

关键词： Diabetes Nigeria Obesity Prediabetes Epidemiology Urban Dwellers

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Assessment of Migraine Disability Using the Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire in Young Nigerians

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2018年第4期8卷 411-422页

作者： Birinus Adikaibe Ezeala-Adikaibe Chinwe Onyekonwu Uchenna Ijoma Nkeiru Mbadiwe Oluchi Stella Ekenze Casmir Orjioke Ekenechukwu Young Peter Chime obinna onodugo Obumneme Anyim Chidimma Brenda Nwatu Celestine Okwara Ikenna Obinwanne Onwuekwe Department of Medicine University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology Enugu Nigeria

Background and purpose: Migraine is a common debilitating condition with variable prevalence in young Nigerians with significant deterioration in normal daily functioning and in the quality of life. Few data exist on the disability of migraine in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to measure the headache related disability of patients with migraine using the MIDAS among young Nigerians. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Enugu South East Nigeria. The questionnaire was designed to assess headache profiles according to ICHD-III beta and disability using the Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire. Results: About 40.6% of migraineurs were concerned about headache attacks and 39.1% consulted a doctor because of migraine. Most students were affected due to reduced effectiveness at school and number of days missed from housework—18.8% and 20.3% respectively. Overall, 47.8% had at least one day affected by headache in the last three months. The mean number of days disabled by headache was 14.3 days. The mean headache frequency was 5.7 days and the mean pain intensity was 4.2. About 27.5% of the migraineurs had moderate to severe disability due to migraine. There were no significant differences between males and females. Conclusion: Most with migraine experienced reduction in effectiveness at school and number of days missed from housework. Overall, 47.8% had at least one day affected by headache with an average of 14.3 days disabled by headache and 27.5% of the migraineurs had moderate to severe disability due to migraine.

关键词： Migraine Disability Students Nigerians

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The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Sickle Cell Disease Patients: Bibliometric Analysis,Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Sickle Cell Disea...

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作者： Egejuru,obinna George 东南大学

学位级别：硕士

背景:镰状细胞病（Sickle cell disease,SCD）是一种遗传性血液疾病,其特征是红细胞的形状由光滑的椎间盘形状转变为新月形或半月形。这种疾病是由β-珠蛋白基因中的纯合错义突变引起的,该突变导致血红蛋白S突变体（Hb S）聚合,由于小... 详细信息

背景:镰状细胞病（Sickle cell disease,SCD）是一种遗传性血液疾病,其特征是红细胞的形状由光滑的椎间盘形状转变为新月形或半月形。这种疾病是由β-珠蛋白基因中的纯合错义突变引起的,该突变导致血红蛋白S突变体（Hb S）聚合,由于小血泡阻塞,阻碍氧气灌注到组织和器官。SCD患者会产生严重的并发症,如溶血和血管闭塞等,从而影响多种器官的功能,包括大脑（中风或无症状性脑梗塞）、肾脏（肾梗死伴乳头状坏死）、骨骼（疼痛危象）、脾脏（脾梗死）、眼睛（视网膜病变）、肺（急性胸部综合征）和男性外生殖器（阴茎异常勃起）等。除此之外,SCD患者维生素D缺乏症的发病率很高,且这种缺乏不受年龄和季节的限制。维生素D（25-羟基维生素D）缺乏症主要具有骨组织疏松和其他骨外表现,近年来引起公众的广泛关注。维生素D在体内调节钙水平并维持骨骼健康,其缺乏可能会加剧SCD患者已经存在的肌肉骨骼健康问题。儿童维生素D缺乏症的主要症状是软骨病（佝偻病）、低血钙引起的癫痫发作和呼吸困难。人体骨骼是高度活跃的代谢组织,可以通过骨骼形成和骨骼吸收进行重塑。这些过程在很大程度上依赖于破骨细胞（吸收）、成骨细胞（形成）和骨细胞（维护）的活动。目的:本研究的主要目的是利用文献计量学发掘SCD与维生素D的相关研究,探究SCD与维生素D对特殊生理状态人群（如所有年龄段的儿童）影响,并进一步探究在临床应用中补充维生素D对年轻SCD患者（儿童和青年人）的疗效。方法文献计量分析利用在科学网索引的主要标题术语和相关条目术语对1900-2020年期间发表的英文文章进行详细检索,并摘取出版年份、题目、出版物数量等关键信息。使用Hist Cite软件对信息进行参数分析和量化,使用Bibliometrix和Vos Viewer软件进行可视化和网络分析。Meta分析和系统回顾以前瞻性队列研究和随机临床试验为重点,对流行病学观察研究和PRISMA方法的随机对照试验（RCT）进行了Meta分析。使用搜索引擎对Pub Med、Web of Science、Scopus和Cochrane数据库从成立至2021年8月的文献进行检索,并对检索到的文章、综述和Meta分析研究的参考文献进行进一步检索,避免遗漏。提取并收集数据以创建数据集,随后使用纽卡斯尔渥太华质量评估量表（NOS）对队列研究进行质量评估,并使用Jadad评分评估量表进行随机对照试验进行质量评估。使用随机效应模型,对两个服用维生素D补充剂的人群（即治疗组和安慰剂组）进行Meta分析,并计算ES（平均差异）和95%可信区间。采用Higgins的I检验、敏感性分析和变组分析评估异质性。使用漏斗图、Begg和Egger检验评估发表偏倚。所有统计分析均使用STATA17软件进行,P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。结果:文献计量分析共检索到1993年至2020年间发表的约113篇关于镰状细胞病与维生素D相关的文章。引文数量从9到523不等,中位数为46.5,四分位数间距（IQR）为20。美国是文章发表最多的国家,其中佐治亚州亚特兰大市儿童医疗保健中心的Aflac癌症和血液疾病中心在镰状细胞病与维生素D的关系方面的文章最多,《儿科血液肿瘤学杂志》是含有相关文章最多的杂志。来自该机构的Osunkwo。I.是发表文章最多的作者,h指数为4。美国卫生部人类服务部是为SCD研究和维生素D做出贡献的主要资助机构。Meta分析和系统回顾Meta分析共有8篇文章被纳入（2项队列研究和6项随机临床试验）,共包含837名参与者,平均年龄为13.6岁±4.69岁,女性数量较多,平均随访时间为24.3周。所有研究都表明血清（OH）D水平大幅增加,然而,只有3项研究分别考虑了口服和肠外维生素D补充,将维生素D补充对镰状细胞病的作用进行综合分析,平均差异为-0.23（95%CI=[-0.58-0.12],I =0.00%）,,这表明研究中的异质性较低。Egger绘图和漏斗绘图截距表明发表偏倚较小。结论:文献计量分析本研究深入探索了镰状细胞病与维生素D有关的最多的研究、贡献度最高的国家、期刊、机构和作者以及常见的关键词及发展历程,为读者和卫生决策者评估镰状细胞病的研究成果提供了见解。Meta分析维生素D补充剂与中等效果大小的镰状细胞病（统计学上）没有明显的关联。由于本研究纳入的试验数量有限,并且很少的试验中注意到固有的方法偏差,本研究的结果需要进一步进行验证。

关键词：维生素D补充镰状细胞病 Meta分析随机临床试验文献计量分析

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Glycemic Control among Medical Outpatients in Enugu: A Cross Sectional Survey

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2019年第2期9卷 50-61页

作者： obinna Donatus onodugo Birinus Adikaibe Ezeala-Adikaibe Obumneme Benneth Anyim Pascaline onodugo Ijeoma Nnene Anyim Nkeiruka Chigekwu Mbadiwe Ekenechukwu Young Michael Abonyi Gideon Anigbo Ifeomai Ulas Uzoma Chukwunonso Okechukwu Department of Medicine University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Medicine Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Pediatrics University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria

Background: Diabetes in Nigeria presents a rising public health challenge and many cases are probably undetected. Poor glycemic control is a risk factor to both micro and macro vascular complications of diabetes and a major factor in the burden of the disease world-wide. The aim of the present study was to determine the pattern of glycemic control among adult diabetes patients attending a medical outpatient clinic in Enugu. Methods: Using a semi-structured questionnaire, we conducted a cross sectional descriptive study of patients with diabetes attending the medical out-patient clinic of one of the tertiary Hospitals in Enugu, Nigeria. Good glycemic control was defined as fasting blood glucose of less than 100 mg/dl. Study duration was 6 months. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS software. Results: A total of 119 participants were recruited for the study: 74 (62.2%) females and 45 males (37.8%) with a mean age of 62.2 (11.7) years. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 138.4 (24.3) mmHg and 81.2 (12.9) mmHg respectively. Eight (6.7%) had a docu-mented history of diabetes-related coma in the past. The mean fasting blood glucose was 127.9 (22.4) mg/dl. Good, fair and poor glycemic control was achieved in 16.8%, 30.3% and 63% (52.9%) respectively. Correlation statistics showed that low level of adherence and abstaining from alcohol/tobacco are correlated with poor glycemic control. Conclusion: Majority (52.9%) of patients with diabetes attending a tertiary health center in Enugu, Nigeria has poor glycemic control status. Medication adherence and substance use are correlated with poor control.

关键词： Diabetes Glycemic Control Enugu Nigeria

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Prevalence and Pattern of Alcohol Use among Adults in an Urban Slum in South East Nigeria

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2019年第2期9卷 179-191页

作者： obinna Donatus onodugo Birinus Adikaibe Ezeala-Adikaibe Obumneme Benneth Anyim Mark Ezeme Uchenna Nkemdilim Ijoma Ijeoma Nnenne Obumneme-Anyim Osita Ikenna Okoli Pauline Nkiruka onodugo Paul Chibuike Okoli Oluchi Stella Ekenze Department of Medicine University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Medicine Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Pediatrics University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria

Background: Alcohol is one of the most commonly abused psychoactive substances in the country. Studies have shown sharp increases in alcohol consumption among Nigerians. This increase is likely to continue because of increased local production and availability of alcohol in the country. Knowledge of the prevalence and pattern of current alcohol use is important considering the public health and socio-economic effects of alcohol use. Methods: Using a semi-structured questionnaire, we estimated the prevalence of current alcohol use among adults 18 years and older living in urban slums in Enugu South East Nigeria. Current use of alcohol was defined as use of any or all alcohol beverages in the past 4 weeks. The safe limit of alcohol was defined using WHO guidelines. Study duration was 5 months. Results: A total of 1411 individuals were recruited into the study. Males were 658 (46.6%) and females were 753 (53.4%). The overall prevalence of current use of alcohol was 66.7%;males 75.7% and females 58.8% (p Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of current alcohol use among urban slums in Enugu. Public health educational measures for reducing alcohol consumption should be encouraged. Efforts should be made to educate the populace on the need for abstinence.

关键词： Alcohol Beer Stout Enugu Nigeria Urban Dwellers

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Numerical Simulation of Severe Slugging in Deepwater M-Shaped Subsea Jumpers

Numerical Simulation of Severe Slugging in Deepwater M-Shape...

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作者： Ezeronye obinna Udobuike（奥比纳）中国石油大学(北京)

学位级别：硕士

A well-known instability in multiphase flow through a pipeline-riser system,severe slugging is characterised by abrupt pressure shifts and violent flow *** can lead to safety and operational issues in the oil and gas *** is typified by cyclic intervals of no oil production preceded by times of high oil output and no gas,periods of high gas volumes and no oil;and pulsating,due to pressure variations in the flowline/pipeline produced by the gas flow interruption,resulting in oil *** it reaches the riser height,the oil slug might be hundreds of feet *** production of oil,gas,and pressure oscillations causes a sudden rise in the separator level,which can lead to separation process failure,system overflow,plant closure,flare overcharge,leak danger,jet fire,early equipment wear,production reduction,and,in extreme cases,well *** is more common in older oil fields with poor liquid and gas flow *** are several mathematical models,software,correlations,and papers regarding severe slugging of risers,and pipelines with different orientations but there is an unexplored field on the effects of severe slugging on rigid M-shaped subsea jumpers and their response to the pressure,deflection,vibration and amplitude caused by this *** knowledge of the severe slugging influence on rigid M-shaped subsea jumpers can lead us to more accurate models and software that better represent the *** severe slugging phenomena,which is induced by the flow of two-phase fluids,contribute to dynamic stresses and structural deformation,which is the focus of this *** a result of the strong slug-induced vibration,the subsea M-shaped rigid jumper will be subjected to analysis to understand the interaction of the fluid.A two-dimensional analysis of the fluid interaction study will be undertaken to capture this intricate dynamic fluid analysis Computational Fluid Dynamics *** pressure fluctuation induced by the severe slugging cyc

关键词： Severe Slugging Rigid M-shaped Jumper CFD

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Curriculum Development for FAIR Data Stewardship

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Data Intelligence 2022年第4期4卷 991-1012,1033页

作者： Francisca Oladipo Sakinat Folorunso Ezekiel Ogundepo obinna Osigwe Akinyinka Tosin Akindele Directorate of Research InnovationsConsultancy and ExtensionKampala International University10102Uganda Virus Over Data Network(VODAN)-Africa and Asia Federal University Lokoja 260101Nigeria Department of Mathematical Sciences Olabisi Onabanjo UniversityP.M.B 2002Ago-IwoyeOgun State120005Nigeria Data Science Nigeria Lagos 105102Nigeria School of eLearning Projects Kampala International UniversityP.M.B 4000OgbomosoOyo stateNigeriaUganda

The FAIR Guidelines attempts to make digital data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable(FAIR). To prepare FAIR data, a new data science discipline known as data stewardship is emerging and, as the FAIR Guidelines gain more acceptance, an increase in the demand for data stewards is expected. Consequently, there is a need to develop curricula to foster professional skills in data stewardship through effective knowledge communication. There have been a number of initiatives aimed at bridging the gap in FAIR data management training through both formal and informal programmes. This article describes the experience of developing a digital initiative for FAIR data management training under the Digital Innovations and Skills Hub(DISH) project. The FAIR Data Management course offers 6 short on-demand certificate modules over 12 weeks. The modules are divided into two sets: FAIR data and data science. The core subjects cover elementary topics in data science, regulatory frameworks, FAIR data management, intermediate to advanced topics in FAIR Data Point installation, and FAIR data in the management of healthcare and semantic data. Each week, participants are required to devote 7–8 hours of self-study to the modules, based on the resources provided. Once they have satisfied all requirements, students are certified as FAIR data scientists and qualified to serve as both FAIR data stewards and analysts. It is expected that in-depth and focused curricula development with diverse participants will build a core of FAIR data scientists for Data Competence Centres and encourage the rapid adoption of the FAIR Guidelines for research and development.

关键词： Data steward Data science FAIR Guidelines FAIR Digital technology FDP installation FAIR Data Trains Semantic web Personal Health Train

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