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Thrombin activation and liver inflammation in advanced hepatitis C virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第18期22卷 4427-4437页

作者： Emilio González-Reimers Geraldine Quintero-platt Candelaria Martín-González onán pérez-hernández Lucía Romero-Acevedo Francisco Santolaria-Fernández Servicio de Medicina Interna Hospital Universitario de Canarias Universidad de La Laguna

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is associated with increased thrombotic risk. Several mechanisms are involved including direct endothelial damage by the HCV virus, with activation of tissue factor, altered fibrinolysis and increased platelet aggregation and activation. In advanced stages, chronic HCV infection may evolve to liver cirrhosis, a condition in which alterations in the portal microcirculation may also ultimately lead to thrombin activation, platelet aggregation, and clot formation. Therefore in advanced HCV liver disease there is an increased prevalence of thrombotic phenomena in portal vein radicles. Increased thrombin formation may activate hepatic stellate cells and promote liver fibrosis. In addition, ischemic changes derived from vascular occlusion by microthrombi favor the so called parenchymal extinction, a process that promotes collapse of hepatocytes and the formation of gross fibrous tracts. These reasons may explain why advanced HCV infection may evolve more rapidly to end-stage liver disease than other forms of cirrhosis.

关键词： Coagulation Liver cirrhosis Hepatitis C virus Fibrogenesis parenchymal extinction portal thrombosis

Liver steatosis in hepatitis C patients

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第10期7卷 1337-1346页

作者： Emilio González-Reimers Geraldine Quintero-platt Melchor Rodríguez-Gaspar Remedios Alemán-Valls onán pérez-hernández Francisco Santolaria-Fernández Servicio de Medicina Interna Hospital Universitario de CanariasUniversidad de La LagunaTenerife

There is controversy regarding some aspects of hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection-associated liver steatosis,and their relationship with body fat stores. It has classically been found that HCV,especially genotype 3,exerts direct metabolic effects which lead to liver steatosis. This supports the existence of a so called viral steatosis and a metabolic steatosis,whichwould affect HCV patients who are also obese or diabetics. In fact,several genotypes exert metabolic effects which overlap with some of those observed in the metabolic syndrome. In this review we will analyse the pathogenic pathways involved in the development of steatosis in HCV patients. Several cytokines and adipokines also become activated and are involved in "pure" steatosic effects,in addition to inflammation. They are probably responsible for the evolution of simple steatosis to steatohepatitis,making it difficult to explain why such alterations only affect a proportion of steatosic patients.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus steatosis adiponectin Leptin Insulin resistance proinflammatory cytokines Triglyceride synthesis Fatty acid oxidation

Influence of biomass burning on ozone levels in the Megalopolis of Central Mexico during the COVID-19 lockdown

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 99-115页

作者： Victor Almanza Luis Gerardo Ruiz-Suárez Ricardo Torres-Jardón Agustín García-Reynoso Iván Y.hernández-paniagua Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Change National Autonomous University of MexicoCoyoacan 04510Mexico CityMexico

The massive reductions in anthropogenic emissions resulting from the COVID-19 lockdown provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the effect of mitigation measures aiming to abate air pollution.In Mexico,the total lockdown period took place during the dry-hot season when biomass burning activity is enhanced.Here,we investigate the role of biomass burning emissions on regional ozone levels in the Megalopolis of Central Mexico.The studied period covers the lockdown phases 2 and 3,and the first month of the new normal.We applied a factor separation technique and process analysis to estimate the pure and synergistic contributions of emission reductions under lockdown and that from biomass burning to daily ozone maximum concentrations in 7 metropolitan areas of different states in the Megalopolis.The results revealed that biomass burning plumes likely masked the effect of massive reductions from mobile emissions,impacted the pBL development during phase 3 and favored transition and mixed nO_(x)-limited and VOC-limited regional regimes.This contributed to increased ozone production in the middle to lower pBL by changing the regional background levels which potentially could bias high ozone production efficiency estimations.Given the Megalopolis contribution to economic and societal development at national scale,our study suggests that ozone mitigation measures during the dry-hot season targeting mainly mobile emissions will likely be offset by biomass burning plumes.A regional and synergic policy aiming to control biomass burning would help to reduce the occurrence of high ozone levels in Central Mexico with the co-benefit of tackling short-lived climate pollutants.

关键词： COVID-19 Mexico Megalopolis Ozone Factor Separation process Analysis

Topical ocular administration of Dpp-Ⅳ inhibitors:a new approach for treating diabetes-induced retinal neurodegeneration

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neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 713-714页

作者： Rafael Simó Cristina hernández Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit Vall d’Hebron Research Institute(VHIR) Department of Medicine Autonomous University of Barcelona Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas(CIBERDEM) Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ(ICSⅢ)

Retinal neurodegeneration plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy(DR),the leading cause of preventable blindness.In fact,the American Diabetes Association has defined DR as a highly specific neurovascular complication(Solomon et al.,2017).Therefore,it is no longer acceptable to consider DR as merely a microvascular complication.In this regard,the term diabetic retinal disease(DRD)has been proposed as a broader term comprising microangiopathy and neurodegeneration.However,there are currently no treatments available that directly target the neurodegenerative changes of DR.This paper will give new insights into the translational research in this field with particular emphasis on glucagon-like peptide 1/dipeptidyl peptidase IV(GLp-1/Dpp-IV)inhibitors.

关键词： neurodegeneration ocular insight

DnA metabarcoding reveals seasonal changes in diet composition across four arthropod-eating lizard species(phrynosomatidae:Sceloporus)

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 480-495页

作者： Mauricio hernÁndez Stephanie HEREIRA-pACHECO Antton ALBERDI Aníbal H.DÍAZ DE LA VEGA-pÉrez Arturo ESTRADA-TORRES Sergio AnCOnA Yendi E.nAVARRO-nOYA Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la ConductaUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico Estación Científica La Malinche Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la ConductaUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics The Globe InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Consejo nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta Universidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico Laboratorio de Interacciones Bióticas Centro de Investigación en Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaSan Felipe IxtacuixtlaTlaxcalaMexico

Diet composition and its ecological drivers are rarely investigated in coexisting closely related species.We used a molecular approach to characterize the seasonal variation in diet composition in four spiny lizard species inhabiting a mountainous ecosystem.DnA metabarcoding revealed that the lizards Sceloporus aeneus,S.bicanthalis,S.grammicus,and S.spinosus mostly consumed arthropods of the orders Hemiptera,Araneae,Hymenoptera,and Coleoptera.The terrestrial lizards S.aeneus and S.bicanthalis mostly predated ants and spiders,whereas the arboreal–saxicolous S.grammicus and saxicolous S.spinosus largely consumed grasshoppers and leafhoppers.The taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of the prey was higher during the dry season than the rainy season,likely because reduced prey availability in the dry season forced lizards to diversify their diets to meet their nutritional demands.Dietary and phylogenetic composition varied seasonally depending on the species,but only dietary composition varied with altitude.Seasonal dietary turnover was greater in S.spinosus than in S.bicanthalis,suggesting site-specific seasonal variability in prey availability;no other differences among species were observed.S.bicanthalis,which lives at the highest altitude in our study site,displayed interseasonal variation in diet breadth.Dietary differences were correlated with the species’feeding strategies and elevational distribution,which likely contributed to the coexistence of these lizard species in the studied geographic area and beyond.

关键词： arthropod-eating lizards diet breadth environmental barcoding mountainous ecosystem seasonal dietary shifts

Deep optics preconditioner for modulation-free pyramid wavefront sensing

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photonics Research 2024年第2期12卷 301-312页

作者： FELIpE GUZMÁn JORGE TApIA CAMILO WEInBERGER nICOLÁS hernÁndez JORGE BACCA BEnOIT nEICHEL ESTEBAn VERA School of Electrical Engineering Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaı´soValparaı´soChile Department of Systems Engineering Universidad Industrial de SantanderBucaramangaColombia Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille MarseilleFrance

The pyramid wavefront sensor(pWFS)can provide the sensitivity needed for demanding adaptive optics applications,such as imaging exoplanets using the future extremely large telescopes of over 30 m of diameter(D).However,its exquisite sensitivity has a limited linear range of operation,or dynamic range,although it can be extended through the use of beam modulation—despite sacrificing sensitivity and requiring additional optical hardware.Inspired by artificial intelligence techniques,this work proposes to train an optical layer—comprising a passive diffractive element placed at a conjugated Fourier plane of the pyramid prism—to boost the linear response of the pyramid sensor without the need for cumbersome modulation.We develop an end-2-end simulation to train the diffractive element,which acts as an optical preconditioner to the traditional least-square modal phase estimation process.Simulation results with a large range of turbulence conditions show a noticeable improvement in the aberration estimation performance equivalent to over 3λ∕D of modulation when using the optically preconditioned deep pWFS(DpWFS).Experimental results validate the advantages of using the designed optical layer,where the DpWFS can pair the performance of a traditional pWFS with 2λ∕D of modulation.Designing and adding an optical preconditioner to the pWFS is just the tip of the iceberg,since the proposed deep optics methodology can be used for the design of a completely new generation of wavefront sensors that can better fit the demands of sophisticated adaptive optics applications such as ground-to-space and underwater optical communications and imaging through scattering media.

关键词： process optics pyramid

Resilience to structural and molecular changes in excitatory synapses in the hippocampus contributes to cognitive function recovery in Tg2576 mice

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neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 2068-2074页

作者： Carolina Aguado Sara Badesso JoséMartínez-hernández Alejandro Martín-Belmonte Rocío Alfaro-Ruiz Miriam Fernández Ana Esther Moreno-Martínez Mar Cuadrado-Tejedor Ana García-Osta Rafael Luján Synaptic Structure Laboratory Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas(IDINE)Department of Medical SciencesFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Castilla-La ManchaCampus BiosanitarioAlbaceteSpain Gene Therapy for neurological Disease program Center for Applied Medical Research(CIMA)University of NavarraInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra(IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain pharmacology Unit Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesInstitute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain neuropharmacology and pain Group Neuroscience ProgramInstitut d’InvestigacióBiomèdica de BellvitgeIDIBELLL’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain Department of pathology Anatomy and PhysiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain UniversitéGrenoble Alpes Grenoble Institut des NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance

plaques of amyloid-β(Aβ)and neurofibrillary tangles are the main pathological characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).However,some older adult people with AD pathological hallmarks can retain cognitive function.Unraveling the factors that lead to this cognitive resilience to AD offers promising prospects for identifying new therapeutic targets.Our hypothesis focuses on the contribution of resilience to changes in excitatory synapses at the structural and molecular levels,which may underlie healthy cognitive performance in aged AD animals.Utilizing the Morris Water Maze test,we selected resilient(asymptomatic)and cognitively impaired aged Tg2576 mice.While the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed similar levels of Aβ42 in both experimental groups,western blot analysis revealed differences in tau pathology in the pre-synaptic supernatant fraction.To further investigate the density of synapses in the hippocampus of 16-18 month-old Tg2576 mice,we employed stereological and electron microscopic methods.Our findings indicated a decrease in the density of excitatory synapses in the stratum radiatum of the hippocampal CA1 in cognitively impaired Tg2576 mice compared with age-matched resilient Tg2576 and non-transgenic controls.Intriguingly,through quantitative immunoelectron microscopy in the hippocampus of impaired and resilient Tg2576 transgenic AD mice,we uncovered differences in the subcellular localization of glutamate receptors.Specifically,the density of GluA1,GluA2/3,and mGlu5 in spines and dendritic shafts of CA1 pyramidal cells in impaired Tg2576 mice was significantly reduced compared with age-matched resilient Tg2576 and non-transgenic controls.notably,the density of GluA2/3 in resilient Tg2576 mice was significantly increased in spines but not in dendritic shafts compared with impaired Tg2576 and non-transgenic mice.These subcellular findings strongly support the hypothesis that dendritic spine plasticity and synaptic machinery in the hippocampus play crucial roles in the mechanisms of cognitive resil

关键词： aging Alzheimer´s disease cognitive hippocampus immunoelectron microscopy resilience synapse

From prediction to prevention:Machine learning revolutionizes hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence monitoring

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第7期30卷 631-635页

作者： Mariana Michelle Ramírez-Mejía nahum Méndez-Sánchez plan of Combined Studies in Medicine Faculty of MedicineNational Autonomous University of MexicoDistrito Federal 04510Mexico Liver Research Unit Medica Sur Clinic&FoundationDistrito Federal 14050Mexico Faculty of Medicine National Autonomous University of MexicoDistrito Federal 04510Mexico

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Zhang et al entitled Development of a machine learning-based model for predicting the risk of early postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),which is characterized by high incidence and mortality rates,remains a major global health challenge primarily due to the critical issue of postoperative recurrence.Early recurrence,defined as recurrence that occurs within 2 years posttreatment,is linked to the hidden spread of the primary tumor and significantly impacts patient survival.Traditional predictive factors,including both patient-and treatment-related factors,have limited predictive ability with respect to HCC recurrence.The integration of machine learning algorithms is fueled by the exponential growth of computational power and has revolutionized HCC research.The study by Zhang et al demonstrated the use of a groundbreaking preoperative prediction model for early postoperative HCC recurrence.Challenges persist,including sample size constraints,issues with handling data,and the need for further validation and interpretability.This study emphasizes the need for collaborative efforts,multicenter studies and comparative analyses to validate and refine the model.Overcoming these challenges and exploring innovative approaches,such as multi-omics integration,will enhance personalized oncology care.This study marks a significant stride toward precise,efficient,and personalized oncology practices,thus offering hope for improved patient outcomes in the field of HCC treatment.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Early recurrence Machine learning XGBoost model predictive precision medicine Clinical utility personalized interventions

Metal-modulated epitaxy of Mg-doped Al_(0.80)In_(0.20)n-based layer for application as the electron blocking layer in deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第5期45卷 80-89页

作者： Horacio Irán Solís-Cisneros Carlos Alberto hernández-Gutiérrez Enrique Campos-González Máximo López-López Optomechatronics Group Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Tuxtla Gutiérrezcarretera Panamericana 1080C.P.29050Tuxtla GutiérrezChiapasMéxico Departamento de Física Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones NuclearesCarretera México-Toluca s/nC.P.52750La Marquesa OcoyoacacMéxico Departamento de Física Centro de Investigación y estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalAv.Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508San Pedro ZacatencoGustavo A.Madero07360 Ciudad de MéxicoCDMXMéxico

This work reports the growth and characterization of p-AlInn layers doped with Mg by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy(pAMBE).AlInn was grown with an Al molar fraction of 0.80 by metal-modulated epitaxy(MME)with a thickness of 180 nm on Si(111)substrates using Aln as buffer layers.Low substrate temperatures were used to enhance the incorporation of indium atoms into the alloy without clustering,as confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).Cathodoluminescence measurements revealed ultraviolet(UV)range emissions.Meanwhile,Hall effect measurements indicated a maximum hole mobility of 146 cm^(2)/(V∙s),corresponding to a free hole concentration of 1.23×10^(19)cm^(−3).The samples were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XpS)estimating the alloy composition and extracting the Fermi level by valence band analysis.Mg-doped AlInn layers were studied for use as the electron-blocking layer(EBL)in LED structures.We varied the Al composition in the EBL from 0.84 to 0.96 molar fraction to assess its theoretical effects on electroluminescence,carrier concentration,and electric field,using SILVACO Atlas.The results from this study highlight the importance and capability of producing high-quality Mg-doped p-AlInn layers through pAMBE.Our simulations suggest that an Al content of 0.86 is optimal for achieving desired outcomes in electroluminescence,carrier concentration,and electric field.

关键词： metal-modulated epitaxy AlInn DUV-LED EBL simulation