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Explainable Conformer Network for Detection of COVID-19 Pneumonia from Chest CT Scan: From Concepts toward Clinical Explainability

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 1171-1187页

作者： Mohamed abdel-Basset Hossam Hawash Mohamed Abouhawwash S.S.Askar Alshaimaa A.Tantawy Faculty of Computers and Informatics Zagazig UniversityZagazig44519Egypt Department of Computational Mathematics Scienceand Engineering(CMSE)Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceMansoura UniversityMansoura35516Egypt Department of Statistics and Operations Research College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 2455Riyadh11451Saudi Arabia

The early implementation of treatment therapies necessitates the swift and precise identification of COVID-19 pneumonia by the analysis of chest CT *** study aims to investigate the indispensable need for precise and interpretable diagnostic tools for improving clinical decision-making for COVID-19 *** paper proposes a novel deep learning approach,called Conformer Network,for explainable discrimination of viral pneumonia depending on the lung Region of Infections(ROI)within a single modality radiographic CT ***,an efficient U-shaped transformer network is integrated for lung image ***,a robust transfer learning technique is introduced to design a robust feature extractor based on pre-trained lightweight Big Transfer(BiT-L)and finetuned on medical data to effectively learn the patterns of infection in the input ***,this work presents a visual explanation method to guarantee clinical explainability for decisions made by Conformer *** evaluation of real-world CT data demonstrated that the diagnostic accuracy of ourmodel outperforms cutting-edge studies with statistical *** Conformer Network achieves 97.40% of detection accuracy under cross-validation *** model not only achieves high sensitivity and specificity but also affords visualizations of salient features contributing to each classification decision,enhancing the overall transparency and trustworthiness of our *** findings provide obvious implications for the ability of our model to empower clinical staff by generating transparent intuitions about the features driving diagnostic decisions.

关键词： Deep learning COVID-19 multi-modal medical image fusion diagnostic image fusion

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Ballistic design and testing of a composite armour reinforced by CNTs suitable for armoured vehicles

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第2期32卷 173-195页

作者： Evangelos Ch.Tsirogiannis Evangelos Daskalakis Mohamed H.Hassan Abdalla M.omar Paulo Bartolo EODH SA Research and Development DepartmentLakkoma Chalkidikis63080Greece School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM139PLUK Singapore Centre for 3D Printing School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological University639798Singapore

This paper is investigating the use of composite armour reinforced by nanomaterials, for the protection of light armoured(LAV) and medium armoured military vehicles(MAV), and the interaction between the composite materials and high-performance ballistic projectiles. Four armour materials, consisted of front hybrid fibre reinforced polymer cover layer, ceramic strike-face, fibre reinforced polymer intermediate layer and the metal matrix composite reinforced backplate, were manufactured and assembled by adhesive technology. The proposed laminated protection system is suitable for armoured ground vehicles;however, it could be used as armour on ground, air and naval platforms. The design of the protection system, including material selection and thickness, was elaborated depending on the performance requirements of Level 4 + STANAG 4569 military standard(projectile 14.5 mm × 114 mm API B32) and especially on a design philosophy which is analysed with the specifications. The backplate of this new composite is a hybrid material of Metal Matrix Composite(MMC) reinforced with carbon nanotubes(CNTs), manufactured with the use of powder metallurgy technique. The composite backplate material was morphologically, mechanically and chemically analysed. Results show that all plates are presenting high mechanical properties and ballistic characteristics, compared to commonly used armour plates. Real military ballistic tests according to AEP-STANAG 4569 were carried out for the total composite armour systems. After the ballistic tests, AA2024-CNT3 showed the best protection results, compared with the other plates(AA2024-CNT1 and AA2024-CNT2), with the projectile being unable to fully penetrate the composite plate.

关键词： Passive armour protection Protective armour Ballistic performance Hybrid composites Vehicle protection

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Integrating Transformer and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory for Intelligent Breast Cancer Detection from Histopathology Biopsy Images

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 443-458页

作者： Prasanalakshmi Balaji omar Alqahtani Sangita Babu Mousmi Ajay Chaurasia Shanmugapriya Prakasam Department of Computer Science College of Computer ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha61451Saudi Arabia College of Science and Arts in Rijal Alma King Khalid UniversityAbha61451Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Muffakham Jah College of Engineering and TechnologyHyderabad500034India Department of Computer Science and Business Systems Rajalakshmi Engineering CollegeThandalam602105India

Breast cancer is a significant threat to the global population,affecting not only women but also a threat to the entire *** recent advancements in digital pathology,Eosin and hematoxylin images provide enhanced clarity in examiningmicroscopic features of breast tissues based on their staining *** cancer detection facilitates the quickening of the therapeutic process,thereby increasing survival *** analysis made by medical professionals,especially pathologists,is time-consuming and challenging,and there arises a need for automated breast cancer detection *** upcoming artificial intelligence platforms,especially deep learning models,play an important role in image diagnosis and ***,the histopathology biopsy images are taken from standard data ***,the gathered images are given as input to the Multi-Scale Dilated Vision Transformer,where the essential features are ***,the features are subjected to the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(Bi-LSTM)for classifying the breast cancer *** efficacy of the model is evaluated using divergent *** compared with other methods,the proposed work reveals that it offers impressive results for detection.

关键词： Bidirectional long short-term memory breast cancer detection feature extraction histopathology biopsy images multi-scale dilated vision transformer

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Influence of imidazolium ionic liquids as organic filler dispersant on electrical properties of chitin/epoxy composites

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High Voltage 2024年第4期9卷 930-938页

作者： Kai Yin Qihong Fan Jing Li Taqi ur rahman Tianyin Zhang Ashish Paramane Xiangrong Chen School of Information and Electrical Engineering Hangzhou City UniversityHangzhouChina College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina State Grid Tianjin Power Chengnan District Supply Company TianjinChina Electrical Engineering Department National Institute of TechnologySilcharAssamIndia

Ionic liquid(IL)as the dispersant can help disperse the organic nanofillers to improve the performance of epoxy resin ***,the effect of IL on the electrical properties of epoxy composites is not well *** comprehensive study consists of the preparation,material characterisation and systematical investigation of electrical properties of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate-modified chitin fibre/epoxy *** findings show that introducing IL into a chitin/epoxy composite can minimise porosity defects and improve the compatibility between filler and ***,a high concentration of IL induces severe charge injection into chitin/epoxy composites and internal electric field *** addition of 0.75%–1.5%mass fraction IL results in maximum enhancement in the AC breakdown strength of the chitin/epoxy composite(by~71%)compared with the non-IL *** nonlinear conductivity and non-uniform charge injection phenomena of IL-modified composites can be attributed to the movement of radicals and anions due to the decomposition of *** this study,it is highly expected that the organic filler dispersion in the epoxy matrix can be optimised by tuning IL to improve the insulation properties.

关键词： composites composite filler

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Detecting anomalies in blockchain transactions using machine learning classifiers and explainability analysis

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2024年第3期5卷 106-122页

作者： Mohammad Hasan Mohammad Shahriar rahman Helge Janicke Iqbal H.Sarker Department of Computer Science and Engineering Premier University4000 ChitagongBangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering United International University1212 DhakaBangladesh Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre 6027 PerthAustralia Centre for Securing Digital Futures Edith Cowan University6027 PerthAustralia

As the use of blockchain for digital payments continues to rise,it becomes susceptible to various malicious *** detecting anomalies within blockchain transactions is essential for bolstering trust in digital ***,the task of anomaly detection in blockchain transaction data is challenging due to the infrequent occurrence of illicit *** several studies have been conducted in the field,a limitation persists:the lack of explanations for the model’s *** study seeks to overcome this limitation by integrating explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)techniques and anomaly rules into tree-based ensemble classifiers for detecting anomalous Bitcoin *** shapley additive explanation(SHAP)method is employed to measure the contribution of each feature,and it is compatible with ensemble ***,we present rules for interpreting whether a Bitcoin transaction is anomalous or ***,we introduce an under-sampling algorithm named XGBCLUS,designed to balance anomalous and non-anomalous transaction *** algorithm is compared against other commonly used under-sampling and over-sampling ***,the outcomes of various tree-based single classifiers are compared with those of stacking and voting ensemble *** experimental results demonstrate that:(i)XGBCLUS enhances true positive rate(TPR)and receiver operating characteristic-area under curve(ROC-AUC)scores compared to state-of-the-art under-sampling and over-sampling techniques,and(ii)our proposed ensemble classifiers outperform traditional single tree-based machine learning classifiers in terms of accuracy,TPR,and false positive rate(FPR)scores.

关键词： Anomaly detection Blockchain Bitcoin transactions Data imbalance Data sampling Explainable AI Machine learning Decision tree Anomaly rules

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Sustainable food waste management using modified fuzzy improved analytic hierarchy process:a study of Malaysia

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第1期6卷 63-84页

作者： Chun Yuan Choo Syariza Abdul-rahman Abdul Malek Yaakob Emy E.A-Jalil Department of Decision Science School of Quantitative SciencesUniversiti Utara Malaysia06010SintokKedahMalaysia Institute of Strategic Industrial Decision Modeling School of Quantitative SciencesCollege of Arts and SciencesUniversiti Utara Malaysia06010SintokKedahMalaysia Technology and Supply Chain Excellence Institute School of Technology Management and LogisticsUniversiti Utara Malaysia06010SintokKedahMalaysia

Food waste generation is a pressing issue that requires urgent attention and concerted efforts *** staggering amount of food wasted each year not only wastes valuable resources but also exacerbates environmental,economic,and social *** Waste Management(FWM)consists of a complex array of criteria and sub-criteria,and treatments which seems *** is a need to evaluate the FWM with the help of important criteria and sub-criteria and treatments to address this *** this study,we identified four important criteria,21 sub-criteria,and four alternatives of FWM for the case of Malaysia using the integrated approach of literature review and expert ***,we employed the approach of Modified Fuzzy Improved Analytical Hierarchy Process(IAHP)to corroborate the interrelationships among the identified criteria and sub-criteria,and their associated *** study undertakes linear normalization methods to transform data into comparable numerical values and the Geometric Mean method to handle uncertainty in human ***,the Centroid method is employed to convert fuzzy weights into crisp sets for ease of *** results indicate that environmental is the most essential criterion,followed by social,economic,and *** addition,air and water pollution is identified as the most critical *** Soldier Fly is discovered as the most sustainable FWM treatment,since it performs the best while meeting all the criteria and sub-criteria *** analysis demonstrates that the outputs from the proposed method are robust and *** finding suggests a proper and robust approach to help decision-makers select suitable FWM treatments to tackle various criteria and alternatives especially when handling inconsistent and uncertain judgments during evaluation.

关键词： Multi-criteria decision-making Sustainable food waste management Improved Analytical Hierarchy Process Fuzzy method Sensitivity analysis

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Advances in DNA methylation and its role in cytoplasmic male sterility in higher plants

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第1期23卷 1-19页

作者： Atiqur rahman Hasan Sofiur rahman Shakil Uddin Naima Sultana Shirin Akhter Ujjal Kumar Nath Shamsun Nahar Begum Mazadul Islam Afroz Naznin Nurul Amin Sharif Ahmed Akbar Hossain Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh 2202Bangladesh Plant Breeding Division Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear AgricultureMymensingh 2202Bangladesh Tuber Crop Research Centre Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI)Joydebpur 1701Bangladesh Horticulture Research Centre Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI)Joydebpur 1701Bangladesh Biotechnology Division Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI)Joydebpur 1701Bangladesh International Rice Research Institute Bangladesh OfficeDhaka 1213Bangladesh Division of Soil Science Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research InstituteDinajpur 5200Bangladesh

The impact of epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation on plant phenotypes has expanded the possibilities for crop *** methylation plays a part in the regulation of both the chromatin structure and gene expression,and the enzyme involved,DNA methyltransferase,executes the methylation process within the plant *** regulating crucial biological pathways,epigenetic changes actively contribute to the creation of the ***,epigenome editing may assist in overcoming some of the drawbacks of genome editing,which can have minor off-target consequences and merely facilitate the loss of a gene’s *** drawbacks include gene knockout,which can have such off-target *** review provides examples of several molecular characteristics of DNA methylation,as well as some plant physiological processes that are impacted by these epigenetic changes in the *** also discuss how DNA alterations might be used to improve crops and meet the demands of sustainable and environmentally-friendly farming.

关键词： DNA methylation epigenetics CMS male sterility chromatin architecture gene expression higher plants

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Rhizobium Inoculation and Micronutrient Addition Influence the Growth,Yield,Quality and Nutrient Uptake of Garden Peas(Pisum sativum L.)

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第5期93卷 901-922页

作者： MdAbdul Quddus MdAtaur rahman Razu Ahmed Mohammad Eyakub Ali Khokan Kumer Sarker MdAlamgir Siddiky Mohibur rahman Lamya Ahmed Alkeridis Samy Sayed Ahmed Gaber Akbar Hossain Horticulture Research Centre Bangladesh Agricultural Research InstituteGazipur1701Bangladesh Soil Science Division Bangladesh Agricultural Research InstituteGazipur1701Bangladesh Irrigation and Water Management Division Bangladesh Agricultural Research InstituteGazipur1701Bangladesh Regional Agricultural Research Station Bangladesh Agricultural Research InstituteCumilla3500Bangladesh Department of Biology College of SciencePrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Science and Technology University College‑RanyahTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides Faculty of AgricultureCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Department of Genetics Faculty of AgricultureCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Department of Biology College of ScienceTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Division of Soil Science Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research InstituteDinajpur5200Bangladesh

Garden pea productivity and qualities are hampered in zinc(Zn),boron(B),and molybdenum(Mo)deficient ***,the combination of micronutrients(i.e.,Zn,B,and Mo)and rhizobium is necessary to increase the productivity and quality of garden peas,since this management for garden peas is neglected in ***,the present study was made to assess the effectiveness of rhizobium inoculant singly or in combination with the micronutrients(i.e.,Zn,B,and Mo)on growth,yield,nutrient uptake,and quality of garden *** were:T_(1)=Control,T_(2)=Rhizobium inoculation at 50 g/kg seed,T_(3)=T_(2)+Zn_(3)Mo1,T_(4)=T_(2)+B_(2)Mo1,T_(5)=T_(2)+Zn_(3)B_(2),T_(6)=T_(2)+Zn_(3)B_(2)Mo1 and T_(7)=Zn_(3)B_(2)*** treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and repeated all treatments in three *** application of 3 kg Zn,2 kg B,and 1 kg Mo ha^(−1)with inoculation of Rhizobium at 50 g kg^(−1)seed(T_(6))facilitated to increase of 44.8%in the green pod and 29.7%seed yield over *** same treatment contributed to attaining the maximum nodulation(25.3 plant^(−1)),Vitamin C(43.5 mg 100 g^(−1)),protein content(22.2%),and nutrient uptake as well as accumulation in garden *** all treatment combinations,treatment T_(6)was found superior to others based on microbial activities,soil fertility,and *** results of the study found that the application of 3 kg Zn,2 kg B,and 1 kg Mo ha^(−1)in combination with Rhizobium inoculation(50 g kg^(−1)seed)can improve the yield and quality of garden *** results of the study have the potential for the areas,where there is no use of Rhizobium inoculant or Zn,B,and Mo fertilizer for cultivation of garden pea.

关键词： Nodulation nutrient content Pisum sativum L. profitability rhizobium Zn B Mo

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Advances in Zika virus vaccines and therapeutics:A systematic review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第3期17卷 97-109页

作者： Shiza Malik Khalid Muhammad omar Ahsan Muhammad Tahir Khan Ranjit Sah Yasir Waheed Bridging Health Foundation Rawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Biology College of SciencesUAE University15551Al AinUnited Arab Emirates Department of Medicine Foundation University Medical CollegeFoundation University IslamabadIslamabad 44000Pakistan INTI International University Persiaran Perdana BBN Putra Nilai71800 NilaiNegeri SembilanMalaysia Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology the University of LahoreKM Defence RoadLahore 58810Pakistan Zhongjing Research and Industrialization Institute of Chinese Medicine Zhongguancun Scientific ParkNanyang 473006China Department of Microbiology Tribhuvan University Teaching HospitalInstitute of MedicineKathmandu 44600Nepal Department of Microbiology Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical CollegeHospital and Research CentreDr.D.Y.Patil VidyapeethPune 411018MaharashtraIndia Department of Public Health Dentistry Dr.D.Y.Patil Dental College and HospitalDr.D.Y.Patil VidyapeethPune 411018MaharashtraIndia Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine Lebanese American UniversityByblos 1401Lebanon

Zika virus(ZIKV)is the causative agent of a viral infection that causes neurological complications in newborns and adults *** wide transmission route and alarming spread rates are of great concern to the scientific *** trials have been conducted to develop treatment options for ZIKV *** review highlights the latest developments in the fields of vaccinology and pharmaceuticals developments for ZIKV infection.A systematic and comprehensive approach was used to gather relevant and up-to-date data so that inferences could be made about the gaps in therapeutic *** results indicate that several therapeutic interventions are being tested against ZIKV infection,such as DNA vaccines,subunit vaccines,live-attenuated vaccines,virus-vector-based vaccines,inactivated vaccines,virus-like particles,and mRNA-based *** addition,approved anti-ZIKV drugs that can reduce the global burden are *** many vaccine candidates for ZIKV are at different stages of development,none of them have received Food and Drug Authority approval for use up to *** issue of side effects associated with these drugs in vulnerable newborns and pregnant women is a major obstacle in the therapeutic pathway.

关键词： Zika virus Infection Therapeutics Antiviral agents Vaccines Therapies Treatment Novel therapeutic Clinical management

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Volcanically Driven Terrestrial Environmental Perturbations during the Carnian Pluvial Episode in the Eastern Tethys

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第3期98卷 753-770页

作者： Naveed Ur rahman XIAN Benzhong FANG Linhao CHEN Sirui CHEN Peng Zaheen ULLAH WANG Pengyu National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering Beijing 102249China College of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Centre for Earth and Space Sciences University of SwatSwat 19120Pakistan

The Carnian Pluvial Episode(CPE)fingerprints global environmental perturbations and biological extinction on land and oceans and is potentially linked to the Wrangellia Large Igneous Province(LIP).However,the correlation between terrestrial environmental changes and Wrangellia volcanism in the Ordos Basin during the CPE remains poorly *** of negative carbon isotopic excursions(NCIEs),mercury(Hg),Hg/TOC,and Hg enrichment factor(HgEF)from oil shales in a large-scale terrestrial Ordos Basin in the Eastern Tethys were correlated with marine and other terrestrial *** three significant NCIEs in the study section were consistently correlated with those in the CPE successions of Europe,the UK,and South and North *** U-Pb geochronology indicates a Ladinian-Carnian age for the Chang 7 Member.A comprehensive overview of the geochronology,NCIE correlation,and previous bio-and chronostratigraphic frameworks shows that the Ladinian-Carnian boundary is located in the lower part of Chang 7 in the Yishicun *** may be a more reliable proxy for tracing volcanic eruptions than the Hg/TOC ratio because the accumulation rates of TOC content largely vary in terrestrial and marine *** records of Hg,Hg/TOC,HgEF,and NCIEs in the Ordos Basin aligned with Carnian successions worldwide and were marked by similar anomalies,indicating a global response to the Wrangellia LIP during the ***,a warm-humid climate,enhancement of detrital input,and NCIEs are synchronous with the CPE interval in the Ordos Basin,which suggests that the CPE combined with the regional Qinling Orogeny should dominate the enhanced rate of terrigenous input and paleoenvironmental evolution in the Ordos Basin.

关键词： Chang 7 Member oil shale Carnian Pluvial Episode volcanism environmental perturbations

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