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Compa.a.ive Studies of Steel, Ba.boo a.d Ra.ta. a. Reinforcing Ba.s in Concrete: Tensile a.d Flexura. Cha.a.teristics

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Open Journa. of Civil Engineering 2015年第2期5卷 228-238页

作者： a.ekunle P. a.ewuyi a.egboyega.a. Otukoya.oluwole a. olaniyi Ola.ipupo S. Ola.usi Depa.tment of Civil Engineering Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Nigeria Depa.tment of Civil Engineering Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria

This study compa.a.ively eva.ua.ed the flexura. performa.ce a.d deforma.ion cha.a.teristics of concrete elements reinforced with ba.boo (Ba.busa.vulga.is), ra.ta. (Ca.a.uc deerra.us) a.d the twisted steel reba.s. The yield strength (YS), ultima.e tensile strength (UTS) a.d the elonga.ion of 50 specimens of the three ma.eria.s were determined using a.universa. testing ma.hine. Three bea.s of concrete strength 20 N/mm2 a. a.e 28 da.s were sepa.a.ely reinforced with ba.boo, ra.ta. a.d steel ba.s of sa.e percenta.e, while the stirrups were essentia.ly mild steel ba.s. The bea.s were subjected to centre-point flexura. loa.ing a.cording to BS 1881 to eva.ua.e the flexura. beha.iour. The YS of ba.boo a.d ra.ta. ba.s were 13% a.d 45% of tha. of steel respectively, while their UTS were 16% a.d 62% of tha. of steel in the sa.e order. The elonga.ion of ba.boo, ra.ta. a.d steel were 7.42%, 10% a.d 14.7% respectively. The na.ura. reba.s were less tha. the 12% minimum requirement of BS 4449. The loa.-deflection plots of ba.boo a.d steel RC bea.s were qua.ra.ic, while ra.ta. RC bea.s ha. curvilinea. trend. The stiffness of ba.boo RC bea.s (BB) a.d ra.ta. RC bea.s (RB) were 32% a.d 13.5% of the stiffness of steel RC bea.s (SB). The post-first cra.k residua. flexura. strength wa. 41% for BB a.d SB, while RB wa. 25%. Moreover, the moment ca.a.ities of BB a.d RB corresponded to 51% a.d 21% respectively of the ca.a.ity of steel RC bea.s. The rema.ka.le ga. between the flexura. ca.a.ities of the na.ura. reba.s a.d tha. of steel ca. be tra.ed not only to the tensile strength but a.so the wea. bonding a. the ba.-concrete interfa.e. It ca. be concluded tha. the ba.boo ba.s a.e suita.le reba.s for non-loa. bea.ing a.d lightweight RC flexura. structures, while more pre-strengthening trea.ment is required more importa.tly for ra.ta. for improved interfa.ia. bonding a.d loa.-ca.rying ca.a.ity.

关键词： Reinforcing Ba.s Ba.boo Ra.ta. Tensile Cha.a.teristics Flexura. Strength Concrete Loa.-Ca.rying Ca.a.ity

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Compressive a.d Flexura. Beha.iour of Unstressed Concrete Substructure in Ca.sa.a.Effluent Conta.ina.ed Soils

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Open Journa. of Civil Engineering 2015年第2期5卷 239-248页

作者： a.ekunle P. a.ewuyi oluwole a. olaniyi Ola.ipupo S. Ola.usi a.emola.S. Fa.umi Depa.tment of Civil Engineering Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Nigeria Depa.tment of Civil Engineering Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria

Concrete resea.ch is gra.ua.ly shifting from the conventiona. strength-ba.ed a.proa.h to dura.ility-centred in the pa.t deca.e. Dura.ility is the mea.ure of the robustness of constructed fa.ilities a.a.nst deteriora.ion tendencies. The ra.e of deteriora.ion is a.fected by the loa.ing condition, a.d more importa.tly the physica. a.d chemica. na.ure of the host environments. This pa.er reports the experimenta. investiga.ion of unstressed concrete substructure in the na.ura. (unconta.ina.ed) a.d ca.sa.a.s hydrocya.ide effluent-polluted soils on the compressive a.d flexura. strengths of buried concrete specimens for a.ma.imum of 84 da.s. The compressive strengths of the cubes were tested every 7 da.s until the 84th da., while the bea.s were only subjected to third-point loa.ing flexura. tests a. a.e 84 da.s. The compressive strength of concrete specimens in the two soil environments increa.ed, though the trend wa. lower in the polluted soil. The strength reduced by 2.50% to 9.47% between the 7th a.d 28th da.s, but stea.ily between the 28th a.d 84th da.s with strength loss of 9.95% (COV = 2.64%). The loa.-deflection curves were qua.ra.ic for the bea.s in the two geo-environments. The bea.s in cya.ide-polluted soil lost 34.5% of its flexura. stiffness, while its loss of loa.-ca.rying ca.a.ities a. the first cra.k a.d ultima.e fa.lure wa. 15.8% a.d 20% respectively. Higher degree of deteriora.ion is certa.n for loa.ed concrete substructures in simila. conditions. Hence, prior knowledge of soil chemistry is crucia. to determining suita.le concrete gra.e a.d nomina. cover for dura.le substructura. elements.

关键词： Strength Loss Flexura. Stiffness Soil Conta.ina.ion Chemica. a.ta.k Deteriora.ion Cya.ide

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Ha.vest a.d Postha.vest Fa.tors a.fecting Bruise Da.a.e of Fresh Fruits

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Horticultura. Pla.t Journa. 2020年第1期6卷 1-13页

作者： Za.a.a. Hussein olaniyi a.a.ole Umezuruike Linus Opa.a Postha.vest Technology Resea.ch La.ora.ory South African Research Chair in Postharvest TechnologyDepartment of Food ScienceFaculty of AgriSciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch 7602South Africa Postha.vest Technology Resea.ch La.ora.ory South African Research Chair in Postharvest TechnologyDepartment of Horticultural ScienceFaculty of AgriSciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch 7602South Africa

Fresh fruits a.e susceptible to bruising, a.common type of mecha.ica. da.a.e during ha.vest a.d a. a.l sta.es of postha.vest ha.dling. In quest of developing a.d a.option of stra.egies to reduce bruise da.a.e, it is of utmost importa.ce to understa.d ma.or fa.tors influencing bruise susceptibility of fresh produce a. these sta.es. This review presents a.critica. discussion of fa.tors a.fecting bruising during ha.vest a.d postha.vest ha.dling of fresh fruits. Excessive compression forces during ha.vesting by ha.dpicking or ma.hines, a.d a.series of impa.ts during ha.vesting, tra.sport a.d pa.khouse opera.ions ca. ca.se severe bruise da.a.e. The review ha. further revea.ed tha. bruising is dependent on a.number of other fa.tors such a. produce ma.urity, ripening, ha.vest time(during the da. or sea.on) a.d time la.se a.ter ha.vest. The susceptibility to bruising is pa.tly dependent on how these fa.tors a.ter the produce physiologica. a.d biochemica. properties, a.d the environmenta. conditions such a. tempera.ure, humidity a.d severa. other postha.vest trea.ments. Hence, the successful a.plica.ions of ha.vesting techniques by use of tra.ned personnel a.d proper ha.vesting equipment a.e essentia. to reduce both the incidence a.d severity of ***, the ca.eful selection of postha.vest ha.dling tempera.ure a.d other trea.ments ca. increa.e resista.ce of fresh produce to bruise da.a.e.

关键词： bruise da.a.e ha.vest postha.vest fruit qua.ity

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Effects of chitosa. coa.ings fused with medicina. pla.t extra.ts on postha.vest qua.ity a.d stora.e sta.ility of purple pa.sion fruit(Pa.siflora.edulis ***)

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Food Qua.ity a.d Sa.ety 2022年第1期6卷 93-111页

作者： Kwa.ele a.Nxuma.o olaniyi a.Fa.ole Postha.vest Resea.ch La.ora.ory Department of Botany and Plant BiotechnologyUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland ParkJohannesburgSouth Africa

Chitosa. edible coa.ing(Ch;2%,ma.s concentra.ion)enriched with 2%of 0.1 mg/L Bidens pilosa.Ch+B),Lippia.ja.a.ica.Ch+L),Syzygium corda.um(Ch+S),or Ximenia.ca.fra.Ch+X)wa. a.plied a. a.composite edible coa.ing in a.levia.ing shrivel a.d ma.nta.ning the qua.ity of purple pa.sion fruit(Pa.siflora.edulis ***).Trea.ed fruit wa. dipped for 3 min in the coa.ing solution,a.d control fruit wa. dipped in distilled *** fruit were stored a.(8±2)℃a.d 90%±5%rela.ive humidity(RH)for 32 *** wa. done every 8 d plus 3 d(20±2)℃a.d(50%±5%)RH to simula.e reta.l *** of medicina. pla.t extra.ts in the chitosa. ma.rix va.ied;lower ethylene production(82.42μL C_(2)H_(4)/(kg·h))wa. seen in fruit coa.ed with Ch+S,a.d the lowest respira.ion ra.e(75 mL CO_(2)/(kg·h))wa. observed in fruit coa.ed with Ch+*** control fruit showed the highest ethylene production(84.90μL C_(2)H_(4)/(kg·h))a.d respira.ion ra.e(117.98 mL CO_(2)/(kg·h)).Fruit coa.ed with Ch+B ha. the lowest weight loss(41.67%),higher juice content(60.13%)a.d Brima.3.31);while the control fruit ha. the highest weight loss(88.03%),lowest juice content(21.90%),a.d Brima.2.49).Shrivel incidence wa. lowest(23.70%)on fruit coa.ed with Ch+L a.d highest(83.30%)on the control *** coa.ed with Ch+X ha. the lowest electrolyte lea.a.e(71.40%),while the control fruit ha. the highest(91.97%).Fruit coa.ed with chitosa. a.one performed better tha. the control fruit but did not exceed the qua.ity of composite chitosa.-coa.ed *** on the principa. component a.a.ysis,it ca. be concluded tha. pa.sion fruit coa.ed with Ch+B wa. more effective in a.levia.ing shrivel incidence,better ma.nta.ned the qua.ity ofpa.sion fruit duringstora.e,a.dshows potentia. for commercia. a.plica.ions.

关键词： Qua.ity a.tributes a.thocya.ins perisha.ility respira.ion gra.a.illa

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Effects of Na.ier slip on unstea.y flow of a.rea.tive va.ia.le viscosity non-Newtonia. fluid through a.porous sa.ura.ed medium with a.ymmetric convective bounda.y conditions

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Journa. of Hydrodyna.ics 2015年第6期27卷 934-944页

作者： RUNDORa.La.a.us Ma.INDE oluwole Da.iel Depa.tment of Ma.hema.ics a.d a.plied Ma.hema.ics University of LimpopoTurfloop Campus Fa.ulty of Milita.y Science Stellenbosch University

a.study on the effects of Na.ier slip, in conjunction with other flow pa.a.eters, on unstea.y flow of rea.tive va.ia.le viscosity third-gra.e fluid through a.porous sa.ura.ed medium with a.ymmetric convective bounda.y conditions is presented. The cha.nel wa.ls a.e a.sumed to be subjected to a.ymmetric convective hea. excha.ge with the a.bient, a.d exothermic chemica. rea.tions ta.e pla.e within the flow system. The hea. excha.ge with the a.bient obeys Newton＇s la. of cooling. The coupled equa.ions, a.ising from the la. of conserva.ion of momentum a.d the first la. of thermodyna.ics, then the derived system a.e non- dimensiona.ised a.d solved using a.semi-implicit finite difference scheme. The lower wa.l slip pa.a.eter is observed to increa.e the fluid velocity profiles, wherea. the upper wa.l slip pa.a.eter reta.ds them beca.se of ba.kflow a. the upper cha.nel wa.l. Hea. pro- duction in the fluid is seen to increa.e with the slip pa.a.eters. The wa.l shea. stress increa.es with the slip pa.a.eters while the wa.l hea. tra.sfer ra.e is la.gely una.tered by the lower wa.l slip pa.a.eter but ma.gina.ly increa.ed by the upper wa.l slip pa.a.eter.

关键词： Na.ier slip sa.ura.ed porous medium third-gra.e fluid tempera.ure dependent viscosity convective bounda.y condi-tions

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a.Unified Spa.io-Tempora. Fra.ework of the Cuerno-Ba.a.a.i Stocha.tic Continuum Model of Surfa.e Sputtering

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Communica.ions in Theoretica. Physics 2012年第7期58卷 165-170页

作者： oluwole Emma.uel Oyewa.de Depa.tment of Physics University of Ibadan

The nonlinea. continuum model proposed by Cuerno a.d Ba.a.a.i is the most successful a.d widely a.cepta.le theoretica. description of oblique incidence ion sputtered surfa.es to da.e a.d is quite robust in its predictions of the time evolution a.d sca.ing of interfa.es driven by ion bomba.dment. However, this theory ha. thus fa. predicted only ripple topogra.hies a.d rough surfa.es for short a.d la.ge sca.es, respectively. a. a.result, its a.plica.ion to the interpreta.ion a.d study of na.odots, predicted by Monte Ca.lo simula.ions for, a.d observed in experiments of, oblique incidence sputtering is still unclea. a.d, hence, a. open problem. In this pa.er, we provide a.new insight to the theory, within the sa.e length sca.e, tha. expla.ns na.odot forma.ion on off-norma. incidence sputtered surfa.es, a.ong others, a.d propose wa.s of observing the predicted topogra.hies of the MC simula.ions, a. well a. possible control of the size of the na.odots, in the fra.ework of the Cuerno-Ba.a.a.i continuum theory.

关键词： topogra.hic pha.e dia.ra.s surfa.e na.ostructures surfa.e na.odots Cuerno-Ba.a.a.i model

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Meta.olic responses of indigenous ba.teria.in chicken fa.ces a.d ma.gots to multiple a.tibiotics via.hea.y wa.er la.eled single-cell Ra.a. spectroscopy

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Journa. of Environmenta. Sciences 2022年第3期34卷 394-402页

作者： Ola.ipo Ola.iti olaniyi Hongzhe Li Yonggua. Zhu Li Cui Key La. of Urba. Environment a.d Hea.th Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Depa.tment of Microbiology Federal University of TechnologyPMB 704 AkureNigeria University of Chinese a.a.emy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The use of ma.gots derived from chicken fa.ces a. fish diets might serve a. a.vehicle for the widesprea. of multiple a.tibiotic resista.t ba.teria.a.B) in the environment. Hea.y wa.er la.eled single-cell Ra.a. spectroscopy(D_(2)O-Ra.a.) wa. a.plied to detect the meta.olic responses of indigenous ba.teria.in chicken fa.ces a.d ma.gots to different concentra.ions of combined colistin, ka.a.ycin, a.d va.comycin. By incuba.ing the sa.ples with D_(2)O a.d a.tibiotics, meta.olica.ly a.tive ba.teria. cells to a.tibiotics were distinguished from those ina.tive by the exhibition of C-D Ra.a. ba.d. Using the C-D ba.d a. a.universa. meta.olic bioma.ker, 96% a.d 100% of cells in chicken fa.ces a.d ma.gots were revea.ed to be meta.olica.ly a.tive to 1 × minimum inhibition concentra.ion(MIC) of the a.orementioned a.tibiotics. a.noticea.le decrea.e in the percenta.e of a.tive cells from 96% to 76% in fa.ces a.d 100% to 93% in ma.gots wa. observed a. 5 × MIC of a.tibiotics. However, these ra.ios were still fa. a.ove tha. obta.ned from the sa.e fa.ces(1.84%) a.d ma.gots(0.51%) sa.ples using a.cultiva.ion method, indica.ing the wide presence of nongrowing but meta.olica.ly a.tive ba.teria. cells under a.tibiotic trea.ment. Conclusively, the cultureindependent D_(2)O-Ra.a. a.proa.h detected a.d qua.tified a.la.ge portion of meta.olica.ly a.tive indigenous ba.teria.to multiple a.tibiotics in their na.ive environments, illustra.ing the grea. potentia. risks of these a.tive cells to sprea. a.tibiotic resista.ce via.food cha.n.

关键词： Chicken fa.ces a.d ma.got a.tibiotic resista.ce Hea.y wa.er-Ra.a. spectroscopy Single-cell Meta.olica.ly a.tive cells

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Nutritiona. qua.ity, functiona. property a.d a.cepta.ility of ma.ze (Zea.ma.s) ba.ed complementa.y foods enriched with defa.ted groundnut (a.a.his hypogea.L.) a.d ginger (Zinger officina.e Roscoe) powder in Wista. ra.s

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Food Production, Processing a.d Nutrition 2022年第1期4卷 144-161页

作者： oluwole Steve Ija.otimi Depa.tment of Food Science a.d Technology Federal University of TechnologyAkureNigeria

Tra.itiona. complementa.y foods in a.rica.a.e cerea.-ba.ed, low in nutrient-density;hence, ca.sing severe-a.ute-ma.nutrition. This study wa. a.med to formula.e a.d eva.ua.e nutritiona. qua.ity of complementa.y foods (CF) using loca.ly a.a.la.le food ma.eria.s. Yellow ma.ze (ra., germina.ed & fermented), defa.ted groundnut (DGF) a.d ginger flour (GGF) were blended to obta.n RDG (76.7% ra. yellow ma.ze, 20.8% DGF a.d 2.5% GGF), GDG (74.4% germina.ed yellow ma.ze, 23.1% DGF, 2.5% GGF), a.d FDG (72.6% fermented yellow ma.ze, 24.9% DGF, 2.5% GGF). Food sa.ples were eva.ua.ed for nutritiona. qua.ities a.d sensory a.tributes using sta.da.d methods. Protein (g/100 g), energy va.ue (kCa./100 g), tota. a.ino a.ids a.d essentia. a.ino a.ids (g/100 g protein) of formula.ed CF ra.ged from 19.38 to 28.58, 373.49 to 394.53, 87.33 to 91.89 a.d 36.17 to 37.63, respectively, a.d were compa.a.le to control (17.07, 401.22, 94.47 & 35.35). Minera.s were present in a.precia.le a.ount in the foods, while phyta.e/minera. (Ca. Fe, Zn) a.d oxa.a.e/ca.cium mola. ra.ios were lower tha. critica. levels. Bulk density (1.4 - 1.6 g/mL), lea.t gela.ion (4 - 6%), wa.er a.sorption ca.a.ity (10.5 - 15.8%) a.d swelling ca.a.ity (0.5 - 1.2%) were significa.tly (p a.ed CF tha. in control, except for bulk density. Biologica. va.ue (78.44%) of FDG wa. significa.tly (P a. GDG (78.4%) a.d RDG (75.87%), respectively, but lower tha. control (93.48%). Pa.k cell volume (22.50%), ha.moglobin concentra.ion (7.5 g/dL), red blood cell (3 × 103 mm− 3), a.bumin (3.72 g/dL), tota. blood protein (5.62 g/dL) a.d globulin (1.9 g/dL) of ra.s fed on FDG were significa.tly (p a. other diets, but compa.a.le to tha. of control. Kidney (urea. 10.16 mg/dL;crea.inine, 4.8 mg/dL) a.d liver function index (a.T/a.T ra.io, 0.38) of ra.s fed on FDG were lower tha. in those ra.s fed on RDG, GDG a.d control. For sensoria. a.tributes, RDG wa. ra.ked best next by FDG in a.pea.a.ce,

关键词： Infa.t diets Protein-energy-density complementa.y foods Indigenous food ma.eria.s Home-ba.ed processing methods

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Inherent Na.ure ＆ Dyna.ics of Politica. Sta.ility in China

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Fuda. Journa. of the Huma.ities a.d Socia. Sciences 2015年第2期8卷 291-311页

作者： a.etoro olaniyi Ba.wo Depa.tment of Chinese History School of Humanities Xiamen University 422 Siming SouthRoad Siming Xiamen 361005 Fujian People's Republic of China

For a.y society to progress, there must be sensitive lea.ership tha. is willing to stir the a.fa.rs of the country towa.d the right direction, the provision of a.good life, security, opportunity to exist pea.efully, a.functioning lega. system, responsive government, economic prosperity a.e a.l funda.enta. elements for sta. bility, a.d progress in a.y society. With a.strong lea.ership in China. it ha. grown to become the newest a.d emerging super economic power bloc of the twenty-first century. Government a.option of philosophies such a. the Ma.da.e of Hea.en, putting the people first, rule by virtue a.d deep economic reforms ha. not only bolstered it＇s a.thority to rule but ha. fortified the ruling pa.ty position a. the only legitima.e ruler of the grea.est popula.ed country in the world. This a.ticle develops a.perception tha. sta.ility of a.y society ca. only be a.hieved when it is deeply rooted in the philosophica. ideology of tha. society a.d pursuing the core interests of the people. This work sets out to expla.n a.d exa.ine the na.ure of the Chinese Communist Pa.ty dyna.ics in ensuring politica. sta.ility in China.over the deca.es of its inception into the politica. strea. of the na.ion sta.e.

关键词： Legitima.y Civil order Efficiency Chinese Communist Pa.ty

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Doctora. resea.ch on a.chitecture in Niseria. Exploring doma.ns, extending bounda.ies

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Frontiers of a.chitectura. Resea.ch 2016年第1期5卷 134-142页

作者： a.etokunbo oluwole Ilesa.mi Depa.tment of a.chitecture Obafemi Awolowo University lie lfe Osun Nigeria

This pa.er explored through a.litera.ure review, the doma.ns of resea.ch in a.chitecture a.d the na.ure of doctora. resea.ch, with a.view to contributing to the evolving resea.ch a.enda.in the Nigeria. context. The resea.ch method involved a.descriptive a.d thema.ic a.a.ysis of the titles a.d a.stra.ts of completed doctora. theses in a.chitecture in Nigeria. in the la.t 26 yea.s （1990-2015）, complemented by semi-structured interviews with six key informa.ts. The study revea.ed a. empha.is on Housing-rela.ed topics （34%） rela.ive to other resea.ch modules, such a.＇ History a.d Theory＇（20%） a.d ＇Design a.d Production＇（18%）. It a.so reflected the limited covera.e a.d scope of current resea.ch, rela.ive to the globa. terra.n, a. evidenced in the a.ticle titles a.d contents of 45 a.chitecture-rela.ed Journa.s. The results of the interviews indica.ed the strong influence of supervisors＇ a.ea. of interest in the choices of thesis titles. It highlighted rea.ons for the perceived focus on Housing, which reflect its unique pla.e a.d multi-disciplina.y na.ure. It concluded tha. extending the bounda.ies of a.chitectura. resea.ch a. the doctora. level could be beneficia. to the discipline a.d profession in Nigeria.in order to a.ign with globa. trends, while keeping cogniza.ce of the loca. contexts.

关键词： a.chitectura. resea.ch Doctora. Doma.n Housing Nigeria Resea.ch a.enda

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