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Pentazocine Abuse in Two Siblings with Sickle Cell Anaemia

Open Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第2期9卷 148-153页

作者： Samuel Kolade Ernest Israel Kayode Kolawole Benedict Oluwasesan Olorunsola Oluwaseun Taofik Ogunkunle oluwatosin adeniyi ojuola Tryphena Jadesola Oyedepo Segun Opeyemi Jenyo Department of Paediatrics University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital Ilorin Nigeria Department Anaesthesia and Palliative Care University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital Ilorin Nigeria

Vaso-occlusive crisis is a common clinical manifestation in children with sickle cell anaemia, frequently warranting in-patient management with intravenous fluids, analgesics and occasionally anti-malaria and antibiotics. Pain is the principal symptom of vaso-occlusive crisis and it can affect any part of the body. Pentazocine is a well-known opioid analgesic, commonly used in the treatment of painful crisis in children affected by sickle cell anaemia. It was discovered in the 1950s and was initially thought to be addiction—proof, but this has been disproved over the years by reports of pentazocine dependence/addiction especially in patients living with chronic pain. There have been some case reports of pentazocine abuse/dependence among sickle cell disease patients in the literature, most of which are from Nigeria but none involved joint addiction by siblings. We therefore, report the case of two siblings, known sickle cell anaemia (HbSS) patients, referred to our emergency paediatric unit with history of recurrent painful crisis over a 10-month period leading to abuse of pentazocine. They were jointly managed successfully by the paediatric hematology and the pain and palliative units of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital and helped to overcome their abuse and addiction.

关键词： Pentazocine Abuse Siblings Sickle Cell Anaemia

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Lead exposure increases oxidative stress in the gastric mucosa of HCl/ethanol-exposed rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第38期13卷 5121-5126页

作者： Samuel Babafemi Olaleye oluwatosin Adekunle Adaramoye Perebiri Peter Erigbali Olasupo Sunday adeniyi Department of Physiology College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Biochemistry College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

AIM: To investigate the role of reactive oxygen species in the ulcer-aggravating effect of lead in albino rats. METHODS: Albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups and treated orally with 100 mg/L (low dose) or 5000 mg/L (high dose) of lead acetate for 15 wk. A third group received saline and served as control. At the end of wk 15, colorimetric assays were applied to determine the concentrations of total protein and nitrite, the activities of the oxidative enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase, and lipid peroxidation in homogenized gastric mucosal samples. RESULTS: Exposure of rats to lead significantly increased the gastric mucosal damage caused by acidified ethanol. Although the basal gastric acid secretory rate was not significantly altered, the maximal response of the stomach to histamine was significantly higher in the lead-exposed animals than in the unexposed control group. Exposure to low and high levels of lead significantly increased gastric lipid peroxidation to 183.2% ± 12.7% and 226.1% ± 6.8% of control values respectively (P < 0.0). On the other hand, lead exposure significantly decreased catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and the amount of nitrite in gastric mucosal samples. CONCLUSION: Lead increases the formation of gastric ulcers by interfering with the oxidative metabolism in the stomach.

关键词： Lead Ulcer Lipid peroxidation Catalase Gastric acid

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