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Water quality and water-use conflicts in Lake Taabo(Ivory Coast)

Open Journal of Ecology 2012年第1期2卷 38-47页

作者： Noel Groga Allassane Ouattara Sebastino Da Costa Alain Dauta olivier beauchard Jacques Moreau Germain Gourene Pascal Laffaille Laboratoire d’Ecologie et de Biologie Aquatique(LEBA)UFR des Sciences et de Gestion de l’Environnement Universite d’Abobo-Adjame AbidjanAbidjanFrance Universite de Toulouse ToulouseFrance Centre National de Recherche Agronomique(CNRA)Projet Challenge Programm BP AbidjanFrance CNRS UMR 5245 Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et EnvironnementToulouseFrance Ecosystem Management Research Group-Universiteitsplein Department of BiologyCampus Drie EikenUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium Institut National Polytechique de Toulouse Universite Paul SabatierToulouseFrance Ecole Nationale Superieur Agronomique de Toulouse ToulouseFrance

The Lake Taabo (Ivory Coast, Africa) results of the construction of the Taabo dam on the Bandama River. The changes in the water level of the 69-km2 lake depend on 1) the rainfall linked to alternating dry/wet seasons;2) the extraction of water for human uses;3) the discharge of water from the upstream dam and the volumes turbined by the Kossou dam;4) the various anthropic effects (discharge of untreated waste water from towns and industries, and leaching from agricultural land). The average concentrations of nutrients (NH4-N: 1.1 mg/L, NO3-N: 1.62 mg/L, PO4-P: 10 mg/L, SiO2: 15 mg/L) and chlo- rophyll a (from 4.8 to 16.5 μg/L, average 11.4 μg/L) indicates some degree of eutrophication. The cumulated effects that threaten the ecosystem (degradation of water quality and eutrophication) are such that they are likely to interfere with various water uses. In a context of growing health and environmental concerns in Africa, this study demonstrates conflicts between different uses of this water resource and the urgent need for an appropriate policy including specific monitoring of lake water quality, wastewater control, and a programme to reduce agricultural fertilizers.

关键词： Conflicts over Water Use Pollution Tropical Lake Lake Structure

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Additive neurorestorative effects of exercise and docosahexaenoic acid intake in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 574-586页

作者： olivier Kerdiles Méryl-Farelle Oye Mintsa Mi-mba Katherine Coulombe Cyntia Tremblay VincentÉmond Martine Saint-Pierre Clémence Rouxel Line Berthiaume Pierre Julien Francesca Cicchetti Frédéric Calon Facultéde pharmacie UniversitéLaval1050 Avenue de la MédecineQuebecQCCanada Axe Neuroscience Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-UniversitéLaval(Pavillon CHUL)2705 Boulevard LaurierQuebecQCCanada Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods QuebecQCCanada Optinutribrain International Associated Laboratory(NutriNeuro FranceINAFCanada)QuebecQCCanada Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-UniversitéLavalQuebecQCCanada Département de Médecine Facultéde MédecineUniversitéLavalQuebecQCCanada Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences Facultéde MédecineQuebecQCCanada

There is a need to develop interventions to slow or reverse the degeneration of dopamine neurons in Parkinson’s disease after *** that preclinical and clinical studies suggest benefits of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,such as docosahexaenoic acid,and exercise in Parkinson’s disease,we investigated whether both could synergistically interact to induce recovery of the dopaminergic ***,mice received a unilateral stereotactic injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the striatum to establish an animal model of nigrostriatal *** weeks after lesion,animals were fed a docosahexaenoic acid-enriched or a control diet for the next 8 *** this period,the animals had access to a running wheel,which they could use or *** acid treatment,voluntary exercise,or the combination of both had no effect on(i)distance traveled in the open field test,(ii)the percentage of contraversive rotations in the apomorphine-induction test or(iii)the number of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive cells in the substantia nigra pars ***,the docosahexaenoic acid diet increased the number of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive terminals and induced a rise in dopamine concentrations in the lesioned *** to docosahexaenoic acid treatment or exercise alone,the combination of docosahexaenoic acid and exercise(i)improved forelimb balance in the stepping test,(ii)decreased the striatal DOPAC/dopamine ratio and(iii)led to increased dopamine transporter levels in the lesioned *** present results suggest that the combination of exercise and docosahexaenoic acid may act synergistically in the striatum of mice with a unilateral lesion of the dopaminergic system and provide support for clinical trials combining nutrition and physical exercise in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.

关键词： 6-hydroxydopamine dopamine dopamine transporter exercise neurorestoration Parkinson’s disease polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3

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A Quasi-One-Dimensional CFD Model for Multistage Turbomachines

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Journal of Thermal Science 2008年第1期17卷 7-20页

作者： olivier Léonard olivier Adam University of Liège-Turbomachinery Group LiegeBelgium Professor University of Liège-Turbomachinery Group LiegeBelgium

The objective of this paper is to present a fast and reliable CFD model that is able to simulate stationary and transient operations of multistage compressors and turbines. This analysis tool is based on an adapted version of the Euler equations solved by a time-marching, finite-volume method. The Euler equations have been extended by including source terms expressing the blade-flow interactions. These source terms are determined using the ve- locity triangles and a row-by-row representation of the blading at mid-span. The losses and deviations undergone by the fluid across each blade row are supplied by correlations. The resulting flow solver is a performance pre- diction tool based only on the machine geometry, offering the possibility of exploring the entire characteristic map of a multistage compressor or turbine. Its efficiency in terms of CPU time makes it possible to couple it to an optimization algorithm or to a gas turbine performance tool. Different test-cases are presented for which the calculated characteristic maps are compared to experimental ones.

关键词： multistage compressors turbines quasi-one-dimensional meanline analysis

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An Energy Stable Monolithic Eulerian Fluid-Structure Numerical Scheme

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2018年第2期39卷 213-232页

作者： olivier pironneau Dedicated to Philippe G. Ciarlet on the occasion of his 80th birthda

The conservation laws of continuum mechanics, written in an Eulerian frame,do not distinguish fluids and solids, except in the expression of the stress tensors, usually with Newton's hypothesis for the fluids and Helmholtz potentials of energy for hyperelastic solids. By taking the velocities as unknown monolithic methods for fluid structure interactions(FSI for short) are built. In this paper such a formulation is analysed when the solid is compressible and the fluid is incompressible. The idea is not new but the progress of mesh generators and numerical schemes like the Characteristics-Galerkin method render this approach feasible and reasonably robust. In this paper the method and its discretisation are presented, stability is discussed through an energy estimate. A numerical section discusses implementation issues and presents a few simple tests.

关键词： Fluid-Structure interactions Numerical method Energy stability Finiteelement method

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Corrected Nonconservative Schemes

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2006年第5期27卷 539-548页

作者： olivier PIRONNEAU LJLL University of Paris VI & IUF 4 Place Jussieu75252 Paris Cedex 05France

Derivatives of discontinuities being Dirac singularities, it is usually not possible to multiply them by discontinuous functions. However in the context of conservation laws we have shown in a recent paper that it can be done. We shall make use of this new framework to revisit some upwind methods, mostly characteristic schemes, and show that they can be corrected to be conservative and to work on difficult problems such as Euler＇s equations for fluids. Numerous numerical results are given.

关键词： Upwinding Non-conservative Finite volume method Compressible Euler

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COOPERATIVE DYNAMICS OF LOYAL CUSTOMERS IN QUEUEING NETWORKS

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2008年第2期17卷 241-254页

作者： olivier GALLAY Max-olivier HONGLER STI-IPR-LPM Station 17BM 3.138Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)CH-1015 Lausanne STI-IPR-LPM Station 17BM 3.139Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)CH-1015 Lausanne

We consider queueing networks （QN＇s） with feedback loops roamed by ＂intelligent＂ agents, able to select their routing on the basis of their measured waiting times at the QN nodes. This is an idealized model to discuss the dynamics of customers who stay loyal to a service supplier, provided their service time remains below a critical threshold. For these QN＇s, we show that the traffic flows may exhibit collective patterns typically encountered in multi-agent systems. In simple network topologies, the emergent cooperative behaviors manifest themselves via stable macroscopic temporal oscillations, synchronization of the queue contents and stabilization by noise phenomena. For a wide range of control parameters, the underlying presence of the law of large numbers enables us to use deterministic evolution laws to analytically characterize the cooperative evolution of our multi-agent systems. In particular, we study the case where the servers are sporadically subject, to failures altering their ordinary behavior.

关键词： Queueing networks with feedback loops oscillations synchronization stabilization by noise loyal customers cooperation stable temporal

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Distribution and migration of houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata) in China

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Journal of Arid Land 2009年第1期1卷 74-79页

作者： olivier COMBREAU National Avian Research Center

The distribution and migration of houbara bustard in China was studied by range investigation and tracking through PTT satellite transmitter from 1997 to 2004. The houbara bustard occurs in the Junggar Basin, north part of Tacheng Basin and valley of Ulungur river in northern Xinjiang, southern part of Turpan Basin and Barkol in eastern Xinjiang. In Inner Mongolia, the houbara bustard occurs in Urathouqi, Alxahouqi and Ejinaqi. In Gansu province, the houbara bustard occurs in Wuwei, Minqin and Shandan. The whole range is not contiguous area. Houbara bastard started migration from Junggar Basin in northern Xinjiang, Turpan Basin and Barkol in eastern Xinjiang, Wuwei in western Gansu Province and Bayan Nur in western Inner Mongolia in the middle of September. Flying to the west and northwest, via Junggar Basin and area between Bole and Habahe in northern Xinjiang, entered Kazakhstan, they turned toward southwest, passed Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, arrived in Arabia Bay of southern Iran or flied over Afghanistan, arrived in southern Pakistan for wintering. The whole migration usually took 35 +/- 13 days covering a distance of 4 800-7 000 km. In the next year, houbara went back to the breeding grounds in China through the same routes at the beginning of March. However, it took the birds 64 +/- 17 days to finish the spring migration. They arrived in breeding site between middle of April and late May. The sub-adults arrived later and did not breed.

关键词： houbara bustard Chlamdotis undulate distribution migration China

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Large shear rate behavior for the Hebraud-Lequeux model Dedicated to the NSFC-CNRS Chinese-French summer institute on fluid mechanics in 2010

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Science China Mathematics 2012年第2期55卷 435-452页

作者： olivier Julien Archimedes Center for Modeling Analysis and Computation University of Crete Iraklio 71003 Greece

The H@braud-Lequeux model is a model describing the flow of soft glassy material in a simple shear flow configuration. It is given by a kinetic/Fokker-Planck-type equation whose coefficients depend on the shear rate of the experiment. In this paper we want to study what happens to the stationary solutions of this model when the shear rate is asymptotically large. In order to do that, we expand the solution of the equation using singular perturbation tools. In the end, we rigorously prove the estimate of Hebraud and Lequeux that the material asymptotically behaves as a Newtonian fluid.

关键词： singular limit non-Newtonian rheology kinetic equations

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Isotropic Affine Spheres

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2012年第10期28卷 1955-1972页

作者： olivier BIREMBAUX Mirjana DJORI Université Lille Nord de France F-59000 Lille Laboratoire de Mathématiques et ses Applications de Valenciennes Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis Faculty of Mathematics University of Belgrade Studentski trg 16

In this paper, we study affine spheres which are isotropic and we obtain a complete clas- sification. In particular, we show that all such afline spheres are hyperbolic afiine spheres, isometric with SL（3, R）/SO（3... 详细信息

关键词： Afline sphere isotropic submanifold symmetric space

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Realising high aspect ratio 10 nm feature size in laser materials processing in air at 800 nm wavelength in the far-field by creating a high purity longitudinal light field at focus

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第12期11卷 3028-3043页

作者： Zhaoqing Li olivier Allegre Lin Li Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK

In semiconductor and data storage device manufacturing,it is desirable to produce feature sizes less than 30 nm with a high depth-to-width aspect ratio on the target material rapidly at a low ***,optical diffraction limits the smallest focused laser beam diameter to around half of the laser wavelength(λ/2).The existing approach to achieving nanoscale fabrication is mainly based on costly extreme ultraviolet(EUV)technology operating within the diffraction *** this paper,a new method is shown to achieve materials processing resolution down to 10 nm(λ/80)at an infrared laser wavelength of around 800 nm in the far-field,in air,well beyond the optical diffraction limit.A highquality longitudinal field with a purity of 94.7% is generated to realise this *** experiments and theoretical modelling have been carried out to verify and understand the *** ablation craters induced on polished silicon,copper,and sapphire are compared for different types of light *** of 10-30 nm in diameter are produced on sapphire with a depth-to-width aspect ratio of over 16 and a zero taper with a single pulse at 100-120 nJ pulse *** high aspect ratio sub-50 nm holes produced with single pulse laser irradiation are rarely seen in laser processing,indicating a new material removal mechanism with the longitudinal *** working distance(lens to target)is around 170μm,thus the material processing is in the far *** nano-holes can also be produced by adjusting the lens to the target distance.

关键词： sapphire field purity

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