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Risk of second primary cancers after testicular cancer in East and West Germany： a focus on contralateral testicular cancers

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第2期16卷 285-289,I0010,I0011页

作者： Carsten Rusner Brigitte Streller Christa Stegmaier Pietro Trocchi oliver kuss Katherine A McGlynn Britton Traberts Andreas Stang Institute of Clinical Epidemiology Medical Faculty Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Common Cancer Registry of Berlin Berlin Saarland Cancer Registry Saarbrucken Institute of Medical Epidemiology Biostatistics and Informatics Medical Faculty Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD Department of Epidemiology Scfloof of Public Heaftfl Boston University Boston MA USA.

Testicular cancer survival rates improved dramatically after cisplatin-based therapy was introduced in the 1970s. However, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are potentially carcinogenic. The purpose of this study was to estimate the risk of developing second primary cancers including the risk associated with primary histologic type （seminoma and non-seminoma） among testicular cancer survivors in Germany. We identified 16 990 and 1401 cases of testicular cancer in population-based cancer registries of East Germany （1961-1989 and 1996-2008） and Saarland （a federal state in West Germany; 1970-2008）, respectively. We estimated the risk of a second primary cancer using standardized incidence ratios （SIRs） with 95% confidence intervals （95% Cls）. To determine trends, we plotted model-based estimated annual SIRs. In East Germany, a total of 301 second primary cancers of any location were observed between 1961 and 1989 （SIR： 1.9; 95% Ch 1.7-2.1）, and 159 cancers （any location） were observed between 1996 and 2008 （SIR： 1.7; 95% Ch 1.4-2.0）. The SIRs for contralateral testicular cancer were increased in the registries with a range from 6.0 in Saarland to 13.9 in East Germany. The SIR for seminoma, in particular, was higher in East Germany compared to the other registries. We observed constant trends in the model-based SIRs for contralateral testicular cancers. The majority of reported SIRs of other cancer sites including histology-specific risks showed low precisions of estimated effects, likely due to small sample sizes. Testicular cancer patients are at increased risk especially for cancers of the contralateral testis and should receive intensive follow-ups.

关键词： cancer registry incidence neoplasms second primary testicular neoplasms

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Therapeutic approaches and drug-resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2020年第3期3卷 532-549页

作者： Narjis Fatima Kyle R.Crassini Lauren Thurgood Yandong Shen Richard I.Christopherson Bryone kuss Stephen P.Mulligan oliver Giles Best Kolling Institute of Medical Research University of SydneyRoyal North Shore HospitalSydneyNSW 2065Australia. School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of SydneySydney NSW 2008Australia. College of Medicine and Public Health Flinders UniversityBedford ParkAdelaideSA 5042Australia.

The treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia has been revolutionised in recent years,first by the introduction of chemoimmunotherapy regimens and subsequently by the development of drugs,including ibrutinib,idelalisib and venetoclax,that target components of the B-cell receptor signalling pathway or B-cell lymphoma 2 family of *** high initial response rates in patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy or targeted agents,a significant proportion of patients relapse with progressive and refractory *** a subset of these patients,drug resistance has been associated with specific genetic lesions or activation of alternate pro-survival ***,the mechanisms that confer drug resistance in the remainder of the patients with refractory disease have yet to be fully *** this review,we discuss our current understanding of the mechanics of drug resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and describe how this knowledge may aid in rationalising future treatment strategies to prevent the development of refractory or aggressive transformation of the disease.

关键词： Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia drug resistance targeted cancer therapy

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