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Traditio.al Utilizatio. o. Aquatic Reso.rces in Eastern Arc Catchments o. Tanzania

Natural Reso.rces 2019年第5期10卷 153-178页

作者： Agnes G. Kapinga Abimbo.a Sango.o.in olayinka o. ogunkoya Department o. Enviro.mental Management Pan Africa University Life and Earth Sciences Institute (PAULESI) University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department o. Agriculture and Enviro.mental Engineering University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department o. Department o. Geo.raphy Obafemi Awolowo University Ile Ife Nigeria

Aquatic reso.rces are vital fo. human well-being particularly to.rural co.munities that largely depend?o.them fo. liveliho.d. Currently, it appears that pressure fro. human activities related to.utilizatio. has impacted negatively o. catchment management, particularly o. the aquatic reso.rces. This study fo.uses o. the aquatic reso.rces fo.nd in the Eastern Arc Catchments o. Tanzania which include Upper Zigi and Lo.er Mngeta. The study emplo.s catchment co.munity participato.y mapping appro.ch so.as to.elucidate ho. man interacts with and mo.ifies the aquatic enviro.ment, the impacts o. their behavio., and the respo.ses to.changes which o.cur. The aim o. the research is to.realize a mo.e co.prehensive understanding o. water reso.rce management fro. a cultural, so.ial, eco.o.ic, po.itical, and bio.o.ical perspective and facilitate sustainable so.io.hydro.o.ical interactio. mo.el. The study fo.nd that there are so.e similarities and differences in aquatic reso.rces management and utilizatio. amo.g co.munities. Also. it established that there are mo.e aquatic reso.rces in Lo.er Mngeta catchment than in Upper Zigi catchment. The study fo.nd o.t that the manner o. utilizatio. o. aquatic reso.rces depends o. their availability, levels o. skills, kno.ledge, and beliefs amo.g members o. the co.munities o. the catchments. It was also.fo.nd that the traditio.al cultural structures that regulated aquatic reso.rce utilizatio. are weakening at an alarming rate due to.facto.s such as mo.ernizatio. and the establishment o.?the?fo.mal?institutio.. Weak traditio.al structures co.tribute in many ways to.mismanagement and destructio. o. aquatic reso.rces. The study reco.mends that eco.o.ical database sho.ld no. o.ly fo.us o. the reso.rces sto.k, but also.o. the dynamics o. reso.rces utilizatio.. This wo.ld lead identificatio. o. appro.riate lo.al acto.s with kno.ledge and skills and cultural advantage who.can be invo.ved in planning and management o. these impo.tant reso.rces. It wo.l

关键词： Traditio.al Utilizatio. Aquatic Reso.rces Management

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The Shift o. Traditio.al Agro.co.ystems in the in Eastern Arc Catchments o. Tanzania

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第10期10卷 1343-1358页

作者： Agnes G. Kapinga Abimbo.a Sango.o.in olayinka o. ogunkoya Marko.B. Sulley Franco.J. Mbegallo.Go.do. T. Madamo.be Department o. Enviro.mental Management Pan Africa University Life and Earth Sciences Institute (PAULESI) University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department o. Agriculture and Enviro.mental Engineering University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department o. Department o. Geo.raphy Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Pan Africa University Life and Earth Sciences Institute (PAULESI) University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department o. Agricultural Eco.o.ics and Business University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania Enviro.mental Management Renewable Energy and Climate Change Research Centre Harare Institute of Technology Harare Zimbabwe.

The purpo.e o. this study was to.identify the drivers o. the shift o. traditio.al agro.eco.ystems and their implicatio. o. catchment reso.rces management o. Eastern Arc Catchments o. Tanzania. Lo.er Mngeta and Upper Zigi water catchments are situated within Eastern Arc Mo.ntains o. Tanzania. Ho.seho.d questio.naire, key info.mant interviews and fo.us gro.p discussio. were used fo. co.lecting primary data. The findings indicated that mo.t o. the participants (85.9% and 90.4% in Lo.er Mngeta and Upper Zigi catchments respectively) depend o. subsistence rain-fed agriculture fo. their liveliho.ds. Ho.ever, there are significant changes in pro.uctio. as a result o. land fertility deterio.ating and negative climatic changes (seaso.al shift). This has beco.e a majo. challenge fo. mo.t o. the farmers. To.co.e with agro.eco.ystem dynamics, farmers in the study areas use bo.h traditio.al and mo.ern strategies as illustrated in the results sectio.. While traditio. always repo.ted to.be inexpensive, so.e mo.ern agro.eco.ystem practices repo.ted to.cause siltatio., killing o. fish and herbal plants, easy ro.ting o. seeds (fo. maize) and bad aro.a (fo. rice)in spite o. having a high rate o. return. It was also.repo.ted that depletio. o. traditio.s and no.ms o. co.duct, accelerated by multi-cultural interactio. fro. immigrants, have led to.deterio.atio. o. traditio.al agriculture practices. Mo.eo.er, arrival o. agriculture co.panies and intro.uctio. o. spice farming was repo.ted to.have caused manpo.er imbalance, unequal distributio. o. natural reso.rces and less diversity o. indigeno.s plants. The study co.cludes that co.munities are much into.eco.o.ic o.po.tunity derived fro. agro.eco.ystem than stewarding it. The study reco.mends that the effo.t resto.ing catchment eco.ystem sho.ld co.e fro. bo.h traditio.al and mo.ern strategies so.as to.harmo.ize and acco.mo.ate enviro.mental, eco.o.ic and traditio.al values.

关键词： Agro.Eco.ystem Culture and Diversity

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