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Shuram-Wonoka carbon isotope excursion:Ediacaran revolution in the world ocean's meridional overturning circulation

Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第2期9卷 391-402页

作者： George E.Williams Phillip W.schmidt Department of Earth Sciences University of Adelaide MagneticEarth

The late Ediacaran Shuram-Wonoka excursion, with δ^(13)C_(carb) values as low as-12‰(PDB) in marineshelf deposits and spanning up to 10 Myr, is the deepest and most protracted δ^(13)C_(carb) negative anomaly recognised in Earth history. The excursion formed on at least four continents in low(≤32°) palaeolatitudes, and in China is associated with a major phosphogenic event. Global and intrabasinal correlation, magnetostratigraphy, isotope conglomerate tests and further geochemical data are consistent with a primary or syn-depositional origin for the excursion. Continental-margin phosphorites are generated by oceanic upwelling driven by surface winds, and δ^(13)C_(carb) negative anomalies are explicable by oceanic upwelling of 13 C-depleted deep oceanic waters, arguing that a feature common to these exceptional Ediacaran events was unprecedented perturbation of the world ocean. These events occurred during the transition from an alien Proterozoic world marked by low-palaeolatitude glaciation near sea level and strong seasonality to the familiar Phanerozoic Earth with circum-polar glaciation and temperate climate, suggesting that the Shuram-Wonoka excursion is related to this profound change in Earth's climate system. Of various hypotheses for Proterozoic low-palaeolatitude glaciation, only the high obliquity(>54°) hypothesis, which posits secular decrease in obliquity to near the present-day value(23.5°) during the Ediacaran, predicts an unparalleled revolution in the Ediacaran world ocean. The obliquity controls the sense of the world ocean's meridional overturning circulation, which today is driven by the sinking of cold, dense water at the poles and upwelling driven by zonal surface *** the decreasing obliquity passed the critical value of 54° during the Ediacaran the meridional temperature gradient reversed, with the equator becoming warmer than the poles and Hadley lowlatitude(<30°-35°) atmospheric zonal circulation reversing. This reversal of the temperat

关键词： Ediacaran Shuram-Wonoka carbon isotope excursion Oceanic meridional circulation Atmospheric circulation Proterozoic paleoclimate Obliquity of the ecliptic

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Does kinship affect spatial organization in a small and isolated population of a solitary felid: The Eurasian lynx?

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第5期11卷 334-349页

作者： Krzysztof schmidt Francesca DAVOLI Rafał KOWALCZYK Ettore RANDI Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of SciencesBiałowieżaPoland Laboratory of Genetics Institute for Environmental Protection and ResearchOzzano EmiliaItaly Aalborg University Department of BiotechnologyChemistry and Environmental EngineeringAalborgDenmark

Social organization in wild carnivores is mostly determined by patterns of family bonds,which may shape the degree of relatedness among individuals in the *** studied kinship in a small and isolated population of a solitary carnivore,the Eurasian lynx(Lynx lynx)to evaluate its effect on spatial distribution of *** investigated the relationship between spatial location and pair-wise kinship among 28 lynx individuals identified in 2004-2011 by telemetry,non-invasive sampling and genotyping with the use of 12 autosomal microsatellites in the Białowieża Primeval Forest,*** average relatedness of the lynx population was relatively low(Lynch and Ritland’s R=0.03).Females were significantly more related to each other than males with other *** inferred pedigree showed that the population was dominated by only 2 familial *** did not find significant correlations between the relatedness and the extent of home range overlap or the straight-line distances between the home ranges’central *** results suggest that the dynamics of kinship in this solitary felid may not differ from the random mating processes described in social *** the chances of random mating could be limited to a few resident males and females,the presence of unrelated floaters may provide a“breeding buffer”that may prevent an increase of relatedness and likely inbreeding in the pop*** system is likely to fail in preserving genetic diversity in small,highly isolated populations;therefore,restoring habitat connectivity is crucial to ensure sufficient immigration from neighboring populations.

关键词： genetic variability inbreeding mating system relatedness social organization

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Analysis of the Vibrissa Parametric Resonance Causing a Signal Amplification during Whisking Behaviour

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2016年第2期13卷 312-323页

作者： Tatiana Volkova Igor Zeidis Hartmut Witte Manuela schmidt Klaus Zimmermann Technische Universiat Ilmenau Technical Mechanics Group 98693 Max-Planck-Ring 12 Ilmenau Germany Technische Universitat Ilmenau Biomechatronics Group 98693 Max-Planck-Ring 12 Ilmenau Germany Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute of Systematic Zoology and Evolutionary Biology with Phyletic Museum 07743 Erbertstrafle 1 Jena Germany

The paper deals with the mechanical vibrational motion ofvibrissae during natural exploratory behaviour of mammals. The theoretical analysis is based on a mechanical model of a cylindrical beam with circular natural configuration under an applied periodic force at the tip, which corresponds to the surface roughness of an investigated object. The equation of motion of the beam is studied using the Euler-Bemoulli beam theory and asymptotic methods of mechanics. It is shown that from the me- chanical point of view the phenomenon of parametric resonance of the vibrissa is possible. It means that the amplitude of forced vibrations of a vibrissa increases exponentially with time, if it is stimulated within a specific resonance frequency range, which depends on biomechanical parameters of the vibrissa. The most intense parametric resonance occurs, when the excitation frequency is close to the doubled natural frequency of free vibrations. Thus, it may be used to distinguish and amplify specific periodic components of a complex roughness profile during texture discrimination.

关键词： vibrissa whisking vibration tactile sensor beam theory parametric resonance

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The urgency of Agriculture Green Development

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第1期7卷 108-109页

作者： Guido schmidt-TRAUB UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network(SDSN) New YorkNY 10115USA

As Shen et *** other authors lay out convincingly in this special issue,Agriculture Green Development(AGD)is an urgent imperative for China and the ***,high-productivity agriculture is vital for food security and economic development,particularly in a country like China,which comprises 20%of the world’s population but only has 8%of the arable land.

关键词： Agriculture Development land

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基于模块化教学的高校创新创业课程体系构建策略探索

教育教学研究前沿

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教育教学研究前沿 2024年第3期2卷 72-75页

作者：马西米利安·施密特索菲·布朗莱比锡孔子学院德国萨克森州04155

随着社会经济的快速发展和科技创新的不断推进,高校创新创业教育已经成为现代教育的重要组成部分。然而,当前高校创新创业课程体系存在一些问题,亟待改革和创新。模块化教学作为一种新型的教学方法,具有灵活性强、适应性广、便于评估等... 详细信息

随着社会经济的快速发展和科技创新的不断推进,高校创新创业教育已经成为现代教育的重要组成部分。然而,当前高校创新创业课程体系存在一些问题,亟待改革和创新。模块化教学作为一种新型的教学方法,具有灵活性强、适应性广、便于评估等优点,可以有效提升高校创新创业课程的教学质量和效果。将其应用在高校创新创业课程体系中,可以为学生提供更具实践性和创新性的学习体验,促进其创新能力和创业精神的培养。因而研究基于模块化教学的高校创新创业课程体系构建策略有重要意义。对此,通过阐述高校创新创业课程体系现状,分析基于模块化教学构建高校创新创业课程体系的意义,在此基础上探究基于模块化教学构建高校创新创业课程体系的策略,以期为高校创新创业教育提供新的思路和方法,推动学生全面发展和社会创新创业能力的提升。

关键词：模块化教学高校创新创业课程体系

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Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome:A narrative review

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2023年第1期3卷 4-10页

作者： Benjamin Assouline Alain Combes Matthieu schmidt Médecine Intensive Réanimation Institut de CardiologieAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisParis 75013France INSERM UMRS 1166ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism and NutritionSorbonne UniversitéParis 75013France

Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(VV-ECMO)is an established rescue therapy in the management of refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Although ECMO played an important role in previous respiratory viral epidemics,concerns about the benefits and usefulness of this technique were raised during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)***,the mortality rate initially reported in small case series from China was concerning and exceeded 90%.A few months later,the critical care community published the findings from several observational cohorts on the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)in COVID-19-related *** to the preliminary results,data from the first surge supported the use of ECMO in experienced centers because the mortality rate was comparable to those from the ECMO to Rescue Lung Injury in Severe ARDS(EOLIA)trial or other large prospective ***,the mortality rate of the population with severe disease evolved during the pandemic,in conjunction with changes in the management of the disease and the occurrence of new *** results from subsequent studies confirmed that the outcomes mainly depend on strict patient selection and center *** comparison with non-COVID-related ARDS,the duration of ECMO for COVID-related ARDS was longer and increased over *** and decision-makers must integrate this finding in the ECMO decision-making process to plan their ICU capacity and resource *** narrative review summarizes the current evidence and specific considerations for ECMO use in COVID-19-associated ARDS.

关键词： Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) COVID-19 Mortality

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Properties of mesoporous carbon modified carbon felt for anode of all-vanadium redox flow battery

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Science China Materials 2016年第12期59卷 1037-1050页

作者： Charles N.schmidt 曹国忠 Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of WashingtonSeattle 98195-2120USA

A novel anode material for all-vanadium redox flow battery was synthesized by dispersion coating of sol-gel processed(resorcinol-furaldehyde) mesoporous carbon(MPC) onto the surface of polyacrylonitrile carbon felt(CF).The coated samples were then annealed at 900℃ and1100℃ and the subsequent morphology,surface chemistry,and electrochemical properties of the MPC coated CF were characterized and compared with an uncoated *** of the MPC coating is shown to dramatically increase surface area while also increasing the number of active surface oxygen groups particularly for samples annealed at 1100℃.MPC coating shows a mixed effect on electrochemical *** with cyclic voltammetry reveals the introduction of MPC coating provides roughly 30%increase in peak current density for the oxidation and reduction reactions of the V(IV)/V(V) redox couple,which is attributed to the significantly increased number of active reaction ***,MPC coating seems to be accompanied by a reduction in conductivity as demonstrated by increased redox peak separation and charge transfer *** negative effect on conductivity can be mitigated by heat treatment(at or above 1100℃) which improves surface graphitization reducing redox peak separation and charge transfer resistance such that it is comparable with uncoated samples.

关键词： vanadium redox flow battery carbon felt mesoporous carbon catalyst surface area

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Utilisation and Management Changes in South Kyrgyzstan's Mountain Forests

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Journal of Mountain Science 2005年第2期2卷 91-104页

作者： Matthias schmidt Institute of Geography University of Erlangen-NuernbergKochstr.4/4D-91054 Erlangen

Using political ecology as its conceptual framework,this paper focuses on the changes in forest utilisation and management of South Kyrgyzstan’s walnut-fruit forests over the last century. The aim of this study on human-environment interactions is to investigate the relationship between actors on the one side,their interests and demands,and the forests and forested lands on the other. Forest resource utilisation and management — and even the recognition of different forest products as resources — are connected with political and socio-economic conditions that change with time. The walnut-fruit forests of South Kyrgyzstan are unique,characterised by high biodiversity and a multiplicity of usable products;and they have been utilised for a long time. Centralised and formal management of the forests started with the Russian occupation and was strengthened under Soviet rule,when the region became a part of the USSR. During this era,a state forest administration that was structured from Moscow all the way down to the local level drew up detailed plans and developed procedures for utilising the different forest products. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union,the socio-political and economic frame conditions have changed significantly,which has brought not only the sweeping changes in the managing institutions,but also the access rights and interests in the forest resources. At present,the region is suffering from a high unemployment rate,which has resulted in the forests’ gaining considerable importance in the livelihood strategies of the local population. Political and economic liberalization,increased communication and trans-regional exchange relations have opened the door for international companies and agents interested in the valuable forest products. Today,walnut wood and burls,walnuts,wild apples and mushrooms are all exported to various countries in the world. Scientists and members of various international organisations stress the ecological value of the forests

关键词： Kyrgyzstan Tian Shan walnut-fruit forest political ecology resource management forest utilisation

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Quantifying the effect of persistent dryer climates on forest productivity and implications for forest planning:a case study in northern Germany

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第4期5卷 451-471页

作者： Matthias Albert Ralf-Volker Nagel Johannes Sutmoller Matthias schmidt Department of Forest Growth Northwest German Forest Research Institute GottingenGermany Department of Environmental Control Northwest German Forest Research InstituteGottingenGermany.

Background: Forest management decisions are based on expectations of future developments. For sound decisions it is essential to accurately predict the expected values in future developments and to account for their inherent uncertainty,for example the impact of climate change on forests. Changing climatic conditions affect forest productivity and alter the risk profile of forests and forest enterprises. Intensifying drought stress is seen as one major risk factor threatening forest management in the north German lowlands. Drought stress reduces tree growth and vitality and might even trigger mortality. But so far, it is not possible to quantify effects of a persistent dryer climate on forest productivity at a level suitable for forest ***: We apply a well-established single-tree forest growth simulator to quantify the effect of persistent dryer climates on future forest productivity. We analyse the growth of Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.), European beech(Fagus sylvatico L.) and oak(Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea(Matt.) Liebl.) in two forest regions in the north German lowlands for a time interval of 60 years until 2070. The growth response under three different climate projections is compared to a baseline ***: The results show clear differences in volume increment to persistent dryer climates between tree species. The findings exhibit regional differences and temporal trends. While mean annual increment at biological rotation age of Scots pine and oak predominantly benefits from the projected climate conditions until 2070, beech might suffer losses of up to 3 m^3·ha^(-1)yr^(-1) depending on climate scenario and region. However, in the projection period2051 to 2070 the uncertainty ranges comprise positive as well as negative climatic effects for all ***: The projected changes in forest growth serve as quantitative contributions to provide decision support in the evaluation of, for example, species future site suita

关键词： Climate change Forest growth Forest productivity Persistent dryer climate simulation study Uncertainty

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EXPERIENCE WITH THERMOMECHANICAL FATIGUE UNDER SERVICE-TYPE LOADING

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2004年第4期17卷 407-413页

作者： A.Scholz A.schmidt A.Samir C.Berger Institute of Materials Technology Darmstadt University of Technology Grafenstrasse 2 D-64283 Darmstadt GermanyInstitute of Materials Technology Darmstadt University of Technology Grafenstrasse 2 D-64283 Darmstadt GermanyInstitute of Materials Technology Darmstadt University of Technology Grafenstrasse 2 D-64283 Darmstadt GermanyInstitute of Materials Technology Darmstadt University of Technology Grafenstrasse 2 D-64283 Darmstadt Germany

The thermomechanical fatigue behaviour of different high temperature alloys has been investigated and is under investigation respectively. The creep-fatigue behaviour of heat resistant steels was investigated by long-term service-type strain cycling tests simulating thermomechanical fatigue (TMF-) loading conditions at the heated surface of e.g. turbine rotors. Single-stage as well as three-stage cycles leads to similar results at the application of the damage accumulation rule. Life prediction which simulates typical combinations of cold starts, warm starts and hot starts has been established successfully for isothermal service-type loading and will be exceeded for thermomechanical loading. Long-term thermomechanical fatigue testing of Thermal Barrier Coating systems show typical delamination damage. An advanced TMF cruciform testing system enables complex multiaxial loading.

关键词： thermomechanical fatigue multi-stage service-type loading thermal barrier coating cruciform testing long-term experiment

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