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Information for Disaster Preparedness: A Social Network Approach to Rainwater Harvesting Technology Dissemination

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2014年第2期5卷 95-109页

作者： Subhajyoti Samaddar Makoto Murase norio okada Disaster Prevention Research Institute Kyoto UniversityGokashoUjiKyoto 6110011Japan Institute for Sky Water Harvesting 1201-2 FukasawaGotemba CityShizuoka Prefecture 4120023Japan Institute for the Research of Disaster Area Reconstruction Kwansei Gakuin UniversityHyogo 6628501Japan

Rainwater harvesting technology is considered an innovative and effective mechanism for reducing drinking water risks due to arsenic contamination and water salinity in coastal Bangladesh. However, adoption of such tanks remains elusive. Most studies on disaster risk communication are predominantly based on individuallevel cognitive modeling approaches, which fail to address the role of social groups, human relations, and other collective social factors in the dissemination process of disaster preventive measures. From the viewpoint of social implementation, community adoption of unfamiliar technology for disaster risk mitigation and preparedness requires another approach. Given the challenge to promote rainwater harvesting technology in the study area of coastal Bangladesh, this study examines the role of various social networks including cohesive groups(friends), structural equivalent groups(individuals who have the same position in society), and spatial groups(neighbors) in three information sharing and processing activities—hearing, observation, and discussion. Results show that those individuals who have similar cohesive affiliations tend to become hearing and discussion partners. Cohesive groups share a learning opportunity and are bounded by normative constraints in terms of direct and intimate social *** groups facilitate observation, which provides visual learning. Structurally equivalent groups are not relevant in adoption dissemination;therefore competition or similar social environment did not influence the rainwater tank dissemination activities.

关键词： disaster harvesting tank

Participatory Risk Governance for Reducing Disaster and Societal Risks:Collaborative Knowledge Production and Implementation

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第4期9卷 429-433页

作者： norio okada Ilan Chabay Ortwin Renn Institute of Disaster Area Revitalization Regrowth and GovernanceKwansei Gakuin UniversityNishinomiya City 662-0891Japan Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies(IASS) 14467 PotsdamGermany

The background, purpose, and design of this special section are briefly explained in this introductory article. Three aspects emerged from the articles in this special section and are highlighted to provide a frame of reference for the reader:(1) a paradigm shift towards adaptive and integrative disaster risk governance;(2) a framework that situates adaptive and integrative risk governance in the context of transformation toward sustainability; and(3) the introduction of ‘‘implementation science'' as a concept, method, and emerging field that brings natural and social sciences, engineering, and humanities jointly to bear in risk mitigation and adaptation.

关键词： Adaptive risk governance Implementation science Participatory risk governance Societal risk factors Sustainability transformation

Agricultural Production Behavior under Premium Subsidy:Incorporating Crop Price When Subsistence Constraint Holds

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2012年第3期3卷 131-138页

作者： Tao Ye Muneta Yokomatsu norio okada State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Disaster Prevention Research Institute Kyoto UniversityUji 6110011Japan

Producers’ acreage decisions in response to the availability of insurance and government subsidy has been a topic of considerable attention. This study revisits the issue of agriculture producers’ production behavior under crop insurance and premium subsidy conditions. The discussion begins by differentiating between the assumptions of the classic insurance model and that model’s application to crop insurance. A discussion of a closed dual economy model follows. Price difference in cases of disaster and no disaster essentially determines producers’ response to the availability of a premium subsidy. A producer can obtain higher production revenue due to the significant increase in price induced by yield loss if the economy is closed and a subsistence constraint is taken into account. In this case, a premium subsidy could induce producers to lower their output level. The result is further generalized by two model extensions in which assumptions are relaxed to allow openness in the economy or intertemporal storage of grains with grain reserve policy. The findings of this article suggest that governments should carefully examine the actual risk-bearing pattern of crop producers before any subsidy policy is implemented.

关键词： disaster insurance producer

The 2011 Eastern Japan Great Earthquake Disaster:Overview and Comments

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2011年第1期2卷 34-42页

作者： okada norio Tao Ye Yoshio Kajitani Peijun Shi Hirokazu Tatano Disaster Prevention Research Institute Kyoto UniversityKyoto 611-011Japan State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

This article briefly reviews the causes and impacts of the massive eastern Japan earthquake and tsunami of 11 March 2011, and comments on the response measures taken by Japan to cope with this devastating disaster. Mass losses occurred mostly because the intensity of the quake and the induced tsunami exceeded local coping capacity. Particularly, the nuclear power plant crisis triggered by the tsunami significantly increased the short-and long-term impacts of the disaster. While the coping capacity Japanese society built after the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji great earthquake tremendously mitigated the damages, there is room for improvement despite Japan’s great efforts in this disaster. Investigating the tsunami preparedness of the coastal nuclear power plants is an issue of paramount importance. In response to future large-scale disasters, there is an urgent need for a highly collaborative framework based on which all available resources could be mobilized;a mutual assistance and rescue system against catastrophes among regions and countries on the basis of international humanitarian aid;and further in-depth research on the multi-hazard and disaster-chain phenomenon in large-scale disasters and corresponding governance approaches.

关键词： disaster earthquake Eastern

A Remark on Solving the Set-Partitioning Problem by Dual All Integer Algorithm

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Systems Science and Systems Engineering 1998年第3期8卷 107-111页

作者： Kakuzo Iwamura, Youzou Deguchi, and norio okada Mathematics,Josai University,Sakado, Saitama 350 02 , Japan

Abstract A careful consideration when one solves the set partitioning problem by dual all integer algorithm is presented. It saves both computing time and memory size.

关键词： Dual Problem Remark Solving Algorithm

基于格网数据的洪水灾害风险评估方法——以日本新川洪灾为例

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地球信息科学 2003年第4期5卷 69-73页

作者：张超万庆张继权 norio okada 励惠国中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室北京100101 京都大学防灾研究所

本文对日本格网统计数据的历史、体系以及结构进行了介绍 ,并应用地理信息技术给出了各级格网的自动生成方法。同时以 2 0 0 0年日本新川洪水灾害为案例 ,建立了二维洪水演进水动力学模型 ,并采用地理信息系统与水动力学模型结合的方法... 详细信息

本文对日本格网统计数据的历史、体系以及结构进行了介绍 ,并应用地理信息技术给出了各级格网的自动生成方法。同时以 2 0 0 0年日本新川洪水灾害为案例 ,建立了二维洪水演进水动力学模型 ,并采用地理信息系统与水动力学模型结合的方法对新川破堤洪水泛滥进行了模拟 ,同时对洪泛区灾害损失进行了评估 ,得到的结果为进一步评估洪水灾害风险以及确定合理的洪灾保险费率奠定了基础。

关键词：格网数据洪水灾害风险评估地理信息系统

Disaster Risk Science:A Geographical Perspective and a Research Framework

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第4期11卷 426-440页

作者： Peijun Shi Tao Ye Ying Wang Tao Zhou Wei Xu Juan Du Jing'ai Wang Ning Li Chongfu Huang Lianyou Liu Bo Chen Yun Su Weihua Fang Ming Wang Xiaobin Hu Jidong Wu Chunyang He Qiang Zhang Qian Ye Carlo Jaeger norio okada State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Ministry of Emergency Management and Ministry of EducationBeijing 100875China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability People's Government of Qinghai Province and Beijing Normal UniversityXining 810016.China Global Climate Forum 10178 BerlinGermany Disaster Prevention Research Institute Kyoto UniversityKyoto 611-0011Japan

In this article,we recall the United Nations’30-year journey in disaster risk reduction strategy and framework,review the latest progress and key scientific and technological questions related to the United Nations disaster risk reduction initiatives,and summarize the framework and contents of disaster risk science *** object of disaster risk science research is the"disaster system"consisting of hazard,the geographical environment,and exposed units,with features of regionality,interconnectedness,coupling,and *** stability,hazard threat,and socioeconomic vulnerability together determine the way that disasters are formed,establish the spatial extent of disaster impact,and generate the scale of *** the formation of a disaster,a conducive environment is the prerequisite,a hazard is the necessary condition,and socioeconomic exposure is the sufficient *** geographical environment affects local hazard intensity and therefore can change the pattern of loss *** multi-hazard,disaster chain,and disaster compound could induce complex impacts,amplifying or attenuating hazard intensity and changing the scope of affected *** the light of research progress,particularly in the context of China,we propose a threelayer disaster risk science disciplinary structure,which contains three pillars(disaster science,disaster technology,and disaster governance),nine core areas,and 27 research *** on these elements,we discuss the frontiers in disaster risk science research.

关键词： Disaster system Disaster science Disaster technology Disaster governance Research framework Research frontiers

中国能源需求和能源强度预测的情景分析模型及其应用

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管理学报 2004年第1期1卷 62-66页

作者：梁巧梅魏一鸣范英 norio okada 中国科学院科技政策与管理研究所日本东京大学

介绍了应用投入产出法和情景分析法进行能源需求和能源强度预测的基本原理,并给出了基于投入产出的能源需求和能源强度情景分析模型的总体框架。针对该模型,围绕影响能源需求和能源强度变化的各种社会经济因素,以逐层叠加的方式建立其... 详细信息

介绍了应用投入产出法和情景分析法进行能源需求和能源强度预测的基本原理,并给出了基于投入产出的能源需求和能源强度情景分析模型的总体框架。针对该模型,围绕影响能源需求和能源强度变化的各种社会经济因素,以逐层叠加的方式建立其情景分析模型。运用1997年的数据,针对全面实现小康社会目标的各种情景,定量地分析了社会经济发展因素对能源需求和能源强度的影响,得到了有关结论,并提出了有关政策建议。

关键词：能源需求能源强度情景分析投入产出

综合自然灾害风险管理——全面整合的模式与中国的战略选择

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自然灾害学报 2006年第1期15卷 29-37页

作者：张继权冈田宪夫多多纳裕一东北师范大学城市与环境科学学院吉林长春130024 京都大学防灾研究所自然灾害风险管理研究室

综合自然灾害风险管理是目前国际上防灾减灾和灾害管理较先进的措施和模式,是针对各种自然灾害的全灾害的管理,是贯穿于灾害管理全过程,集中于灾害风险和承灾体脆弱性分析并强调多层面、多元化和多学科参与合作的全面整合的灾害管理模... 详细信息

综合自然灾害风险管理是目前国际上防灾减灾和灾害管理较先进的措施和模式,是针对各种自然灾害的全灾害的管理,是贯穿于灾害管理全过程,集中于灾害风险和承灾体脆弱性分析并强调多层面、多元化和多学科参与合作的全面整合的灾害管理模式。介绍了综合自然灾害风险管理的必要性、概念和本质,探讨了综合自然灾害管理的基本理论、对策及其实施过程和实施战略,在此基础上提出了对我国实施综合自然灾害风险管理的建议,为强化和推动我国综合自然灾害风险管理提供参考。

关键词：自然灾害自然灾害风险危险性暴露性脆弱性风险管理