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Oxygen sufficiency controls TOP mRNA translation via the TSC-Rheb-mTOR pathway in a 4E-BP-independent manner

Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2014年第3期8卷 255-266页

作者： Rachel Miloslavski Elad Cohen Adam Avraham Yifat I luz Zvi Hayouka Judith Kasir Rajini Mudhasani Stephen N. Jones Nadine Cybulski Markus A. Ruegg Ola Larsson Valentina Gandin Arjuna Rajakumar Ivan Topisirovic oded meyuhas Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology The Institute for Medical Research - Israel-Canada The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School Jerusalem 91120 Israel Department of Cell Biology University of Massachusetts Medical School North Worcester MA 01655 USA Biozentrum University of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 70 CH-4056 Basel Switzerland Department of Oncolo'gy-Pathology Karolinska Instituie Stockholm SE-171 76 Sweden Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital and Department of Oncology McGill University Montreal QC H3T 1E2 Canada Present address: Migal-Galilee Research Institute Kiryat Shmona 11016 Israel Present address: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Frederick MD 21702-5011 USA Present address: ADAM Montreal QC H3N 2C7 Canada

Cells encountering hypoxic stress conserve resources and energy by downregulating the protein synthesis. Here we demonstrate that one mechanism in this response is the translational repression of TOP mRNAs that encode components of the translational apparatus. This mode of regulation involves TSC and Rheb, as knockout of TSC1 or TSC2 or overexpression of Rheb rescued TOP mRNA translation in oxygen-deprived celts. Stress-induced translational repression of these mRNAs closely correlates with the hypophosphorylated state of 4E-BP, a translational repressor. However, a series of 4E-BP loss- and gain-of-function experiments disprove a cause-and- effect relationship between the phosphorylation status of 4E-BP and the translational repression of TOP mRNAs under oxygen or growth factor deprivation. Furthermore, the repressive effect of anoxia is similar to that attained by the very efficient inhibition of mTOR activity by Torin 1, but much more pronounced than roptor or rictor knockouL Likewise, deficiency of raptor or rictor, even though it mildly downregulated basal translation efficiency of TOP mRNAs, failed to suppress the oxygen-mediated translational activation of TOP mRNAs. Finally, co-knockdown of TIA-1 and TIAR, two RNA-binding proteins previously implicated in translational repression of TOP mRNAs in amino acid-starved cells, failed to relieve TOP mRNA translation under other stress conditions. Thus, the nature of the proximal translational regulator of TOP m RNAs remains elusive.

关键词： hypoxia roTOR TOP mRNAs translational control 4E-BP

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Geometric Bone Modeling:From Macro to Micro Structures

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2010年第3期25卷 614-622页

作者： oded Zaideman Anath Fischer Laboratory for Computer Aided Design & Life Cycle Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technion Israel Institute of Technology

There is major interest within the bio-engineering community in developing accurate and non-invasive means for visualizing, modeling and analyzing bone micro-structures. Bones are composed of hierarchical bio-composite materials characterized by complex multi-scale structural geometry. The process of reconstructing a volumetric bone model is usually based upon CT/MRI scanned images. Meshes generated by current commercial CAD systems cannot be used for further modeling or analysis. Moreover, recently developed methods are only capable of capturing the micro-structure for small volumes （biopsy samples）. This paper examines the problem of re-meshing a 3D computerized model of bone micro- structure. The proposed method is based on the following phases： defining sub-meshes of the original model in a grid-based structure, remeshing each sub-mesh using the neural network （NN） method, and merging the sub-meshes into a global mesh. Applying the NN method to micro-structures proved to be quite time consuming. Therefore, a parallel, grid-based approach was applied, yielding a simpler structure in each grid cell. The performance of this method is analyzed, and the method is demonstrated on real bone micro-structures. Furthermore, the method may be used as the basis for generating a multi-resolution bone geometric model.

关键词： bone modeling micro-structures micro CT (#CT) scanning technology

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Uncovering the secrets of hidden twists

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National Science Review 2023年第9期10卷 119-120页

作者： oded Hod Michael Urbakh Department of Physical Chemistry School of Chemistry The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science Tel Aviv University

Twisted layered material junctions,and in particular twisted graphene interfaces,exhibit fascinating physical properties of diverse nature including unique structural,tribological,electronic,as well as heat and electron transport characteristics [1].These properties are intimately related to the moire superstructure formed at the twisted interface,which induces atomic lattice reconstruction patterns that balance between inter-layer registry optimization and intra-layer strain minimization [2].

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Using the movement patterns of reintroduced animals to improve reintroduction success

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Current Zoology 2014年第4期60卷 515-526页

作者： oded BERGER-TAL David SALTZ Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles & Applied Animal Ecology Division Institute for Conservation Research San Diego Zoo Global CA USA Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Israel

Despite their importance to conservation, reintroductions are still a risky endeavor and tend to fail, highlighting the need for more efficient post-release monitoring techniques. Reintroduced animals are released into unfamiliar novel environ ments and must explore their surroundings to gain knowledge in order to survive. According to theory, knowledge gain should be followed by subsequent changes to the animal＇s movement behavior, making movement behavior an excellent indicator of reintroduction progress. We aim to conceptually describe a logical process that will enable the inclusion of behavior （in particular, movement behavior） in management decision-making post-reintroductions, and to do so, we provide four basic components that a manager should look for in the behaviors of released animals. The suggested components are release-site fidelity, recurring locations, proximity to other individuals, and individual variation in movement behavior. These components are by no means the only possible ones available to a manager, but they provide an efficient tool to understanding animals＇ decision-making based on ecological theory; namely, the exploration-exploitation trade-off that released animals go through, and which underlies their behavior. We demonstrate our conceptual approach using data from two ungulate species reintroduced in Israel： the Persian fallow deer Dama mesopotamica and the Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx [Current Zoology 60 （4）： 515-526, 2014] .

关键词： Adaptive management Arabian oryx Conservation behavior Exploration-exploitation trade-off Persian fallow deer Reintroductions

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Thermoelectric Properties of p-Type PbSe Nanowires

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Nano Research 2009年第5期2卷 394-399页

作者： Wenjie Liang oded Rabin Allon IHochbaum Melissa Fardy Minjuan Zhang Peidong Yang Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Materials Research Department Toyota Technical CenterToyota Motor Engineering&Manufacturing North America(TEMA)Inc.1555 Woodridge Ave.Ann ArborMI 48105USA Current Address:Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080China Current Address:Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA

The thermoelectric properties of individual solution-phase synthesized p-type PbSe nanowires have been *** nanowires showed near degenerately doped charge carrier *** to the bulk,the PbSe nanowires exhibited a similar Seebeck coefficient and a significant reduction in thermal conductivity in the temperature range 20 K to 300 *** annealing of the PbSe nanowires allowed their thermoelectric properties to be controllably tuned by increasing their carrier concentration or hole *** optimal annealing,single PbSe nanowires exhibited a thermoelectric figure of merit(ZT)of 0.12 at room temperature.

关键词： Nanowire thermoelectrics thermopower thermal conductivity lead chalcogenide

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NUTRITIONFORCHILDANDADOLESCENTATHLETES

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中国运动医学杂志 2000年第4期19卷 443-447页

作者： oded Bar-Or M.D. Children’s Exercise & Nutrition Centre Mc Master University Hamilton Ontario Canada

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Preventive treatment of alveolar pulmonary edema of cardiogenic origin

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2012年第4期9卷 321-327页

作者： Gideon Charach Michael Shochat Alexander Rabinovich oded Ayzenberg Jacob George Lior Charach Pavel Rabinovich Department of Internal Medicine 'C' Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center 6 Weizman Street Tel Aviv 64239 Israel Department of Cardiology Hillel Yaffe Medical Center Hadera P.O. Box 169 Hadera 38100 Israel Department of Geriatrics Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center 6 Weizman Street Tel Aviv 64239 Israel Department of Cardiology Kaplan Medical Center Pasternak Street P.O. Box 1 Rehovot 76100 Israel

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of preventive treatment (PT) on alveolar pulmonary edema (APE) of cardiogenic origin using a monitor based on principles of internal thoracic impedance (ITI) *** We conducted blinded clinical trials on patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and monitored whether the condition would progress to APE. ITI was measured noninvasively by the Edema Guard Monitor (EGM, model RS-207) every 30 min. The measurement threshold for the diagnosis of APE was fixed at > 12% decrease in ITI from baseline as described in our methodology. The patients were divided into one group that received standard treatment after the appearance of clinical signs of APE without considering the prediction of APE by EGM devise (Group 1), and another group of asymptomatic patients in whom development of APE was predicted by using only EGM measurements (Group 2). The latter participants’PT consisted of furosemide, intravenous nitroglycerine and supplemental oxygen. Results One-hundred and fifty patients with acute STEMI were enrolled into this study. Group 1 included 100 patients (53% males, age 64.1 ±12.6 years). Treatment was started after the clinical appearance of overt signs of APE. Group 2 included 50 patients (54% males, age 65.2 ±11.9 years) who received PT based on EGMmeasurements. Group 2 had significantly fewer cases of APE (n = 4, 8%) than Group 1 (n = 100, 100%) (P > 0.001). While APE was lethal in six (6%) Group 1 patients, PT resulted in prompt resolution of APE in all four (8%) Group 2 patients. Conclusion ITI is a usefulmodality for early diagnosis and PT of pulmonary edema of cardiogenic origin.

关键词： Cardiogenic pulmonary edema Early prediction Internal thoracic impedance Monitoring cardiac patients Preventive treatment

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Zipf’s Law, Benford’s Law, and Pareto Rule

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2023年第3期13卷 174-180页

作者： oded Kafri Kafri Nihul Ltd. Tel Aviv Israel

From a basic probabilistic argumentation, the Zipfian distribution and Benford’s law are derived. It is argued that Zipf’s law fits to calculate the rank probabilities of identical indistinguishable objects and that Benford’s distribution fits to calculate the rank probabilities of distinguishable objects. i.e. in the distribution of words in long texts all the words in a given rank are identical, therefore, the rank distribution is Zipfian. In logarithmic tables, the objects with identical 1st digits are distinguishable as there are many different digits in the 2nd, 3rd… places, etc., and therefore the distribution is according to Benford’s law. Pareto 20 - 80 rule is shown to be an outcome of Benford’s distribution as when the number of ranks is about 10 the probability of 20% of the high probability ranks is equal to the probability of the rest of 80% low probability ranks. It is argued that all these distributions, including the central limit theorem, are outcomes of Planck’s law and are the result of the quantization of energy. This argumentation may be considered a physical origin of probability.

关键词： Zipf’s Law Benford’s Law Pareto 20 - 80 Rule Planck’s Law Max Entropy

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A Novel Approach to Probability

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2016年第4期6卷 201-211页

作者： oded Kafri Kafri Nihul Ltd. Tel Aviv Israel

When P indistinguishable balls are randomly distributed among L distinguishable boxes, and considering the dense system , our natural intuition tells us that the box with the average number of balls P/L has the highest probability and that none of boxes are empty;however in reality, the probability of the empty box is always the highest. This fact is with contradistinction to sparse system (i.e. energy distribution in gas) in which the average value has the highest probability. Here we show that when we postulate the requirement that all possible configurations of balls in the boxes have equal probabilities, a realistic “long tail” distribution is obtained. This formalism when applied for sparse systems converges to distributions in which the average is preferred. We calculate some of the distributions resulted from this postulate and obtain most of the known distributions in nature, namely: Zipf’s law, Benford’s law, particles energy distributions, and more. Further generalization of this novel approach yields not only much better predictions for elections, polls, market share distribution among competing companies and so forth, but also a compelling probabilistic explanation for Planck’s famous empirical finding that the energy of a photon is hv.

关键词： Probability Statistics Benford’s Law Zipf’s Law Planck’s Law Configurational Entropy

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Entropy and Temperature of Electromagnetic Radiation

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Natural Science 2019年第12期11卷 323-335页

作者： oded Kafri Kafri Nihul Ltd. Tel Aviv Israel

Electromagnetic (EM) radiation is both wave and heat. Waves are characterized by spectral distribution, spatial distribution, time coherence, spatial coherence, energy flux, and polarization. Heat, namely energy transferred from a hot body to a cold one, is characterized by its energy and entropy, and the ratio between them is the temperature. Here we calculate the entropy and temperature of a single radiation mode from the wave properties of the radiation. Using the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and Planck law, we calculate, from the optical properties of the radiation, the number of modes and their occupation number. Then we calculate the entropy and temperature of a single-mode EM radiation. It is shown that the entropy of a single-mode varies from zero for low occupation number, namely in the quantum limit to one Boltzmann constant for high occupation number, namely in the classical limit. The temperature varies from zero Kelvin in the quantum limit to infinity at high energies in the classical limit. This analysis is consistent with Fourier optics and statistical mechanics namely: Stephan-Boltzmann Law, Wein Law, Zipf law, IT File’s entropy, and the canonical distribution.

关键词： Thermodynamics Statistical Physics Optics Coherence

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