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Clean air captures attention whereas pollution distracts:evidence from brain activities

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 5-15页

作者： Jianxun Yang Yunqi Liu Berry van den Berg Susie Wang Lele Chen Miaomiao Liu Jun Bi State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Nanjing Foreign Language School Nanjing 210008China Department of Experimental Psychology University of GroningenGrote Kruisstraat 2/19712 TSGroningenThe Netherlands Department of Social Psychology University of GroningenGrote Kruisstraat 2/19712 TSGroningenThe Netherlands School of Education Science Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China

Awareness of the adverse impact of air pollution on attention-related performance such as learning and driving is rapidly ***,there is still little known about the underlying neurocognitive *** an adapted dot-probe task paradigm and event-related potential(ERP)technique,we investigated how visual stimuli of air pollution influence the attentional allocation *** were required to make responses to the onset of a target presented at the left or right visual *** probable location of the target was forewarned by a cue(pollution or clean air images),appearing at either the target location(attention-holding trials)or the opposite location(attention-shifting trials).Behavioral measures showed that when cued by pollution images,subjects had higher response accuracy in attention-shifting *** analysis results revealed that after the cue onset,pollution images evoked lower N300 amplitudes,indicating less attentioncapturing effects of dirty *** the target onset,pollution cues were correlated with the higher P300 amplitudes in attention-holding trials but lower amplitudes in attention-shifting *** indicates that after visual exposure to air pollution,people need more neurocognitive resources to maintain attention but less effort to shift attention *** findings provide the first neuroscientific evidence for the distracting effect of air *** conclude with several practical implications and suggest the ERP technique as a promising tool to understand human responses to environmental stressors.

关键词： Air pollution Attention Disengagement Performance Event-related potential

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高通气综合征?还是惊恐障碍?

中华结核和呼吸杂志 2001年第9期24卷 516-517页

作者：韩江娜 R Schepers K Stegen o van den bergh KP van de Woestijne 中国协和医科大学北京协和医院呼吸科北京100730 Laboratory of Pneumology UZ Gasthuisberg Department of Psychology KU Leuven

高通气综合征是由于通气过度超过生理代谢所需而引起的一组征候群,其特征是临床症状可以用过度通气激发试验诱发出来[1].传统的观念认为,焦虑和应激反应等心因性因素诱发了超生理代谢需要的过度通气,而临床症状都可以用过度通气和呼吸... 详细信息

高通气综合征是由于通气过度超过生理代谢所需而引起的一组征候群,其特征是临床症状可以用过度通气激发试验诱发出来[1].传统的观念认为,焦虑和应激反应等心因性因素诱发了超生理代谢需要的过度通气,而临床症状都可以用过度通气和呼吸性碱中毒来解释.高通气综合征的临床症状累及多器官系统,常见的有气短、憋气、胸部不适或胸痛、呼吸深或快、心慌或心悸、头晕、四肢麻木、精神紧张、焦虑、恐惧等.这些所谓的心身症状不伴有相应的器质性病因,症状的发生与呼吸控制系统异常(很可能是下丘脑、大脑边缘系统、大脑皮层的高位神经调节异常)、自主呼吸调节丧失稳定性有关.当患者的呼吸受到刺激时,呼吸调节功能发生一过性紊乱,出现过度通气.

关键词：高通气综合征惊恐障碍诊断重叠性

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少年儿童非器质性呼吸困难34例分析

中华儿科杂志 2004年第4期42卷 280-283页

作者：韩江娜朱元珏李舜伟雒冬梅尹小文陈育智 o van den bergh KP van de Woestijne 中国医学科学院协和医科大学北京协和医院呼吸科呼吸心理生理实验室 100730 首都儿科研究所哮喘防治教育中心比利时鲁文大学心理系鲁文大学医学院呼吸系

目的　总结分析 1996～ 2 0 0 2年间在北京协和医院诊断的 34例少年儿童非器质性呼吸困难病例。方法　非器质性呼吸困难的临床诊断标准 :有突出的呼吸困难 ,经过询问病史、体格检查和相关的实验室检查 ,没有心肺或其他器质性病因。结果... 详细信息

目的　总结分析 1996～ 2 0 0 2年间在北京协和医院诊断的 34例少年儿童非器质性呼吸困难病例。方法　非器质性呼吸困难的临床诊断标准 :有突出的呼吸困难 ,经过询问病史、体格检查和相关的实验室检查 ,没有心肺或其他器质性病因。结果　少年儿童非器质性呼吸困难最小发病年龄 8岁 ,13～ 16岁为高峰发病年龄 ,17岁以后发病人数明显减少。大多数为慢性病程 ,伴症状急性发作。表现为呼吸困难 ,伴随明显的过度通气、低碳酸血症的症状。少年儿童患者焦虑不明显 ,与成人形成鲜明对比。多数患儿有明显的心因性诱因 ,中学阶段学习压力大为最重要的诱因。 13例患儿接受腹式呼吸训练治疗 2～ 3个月后复查 ,呼吸困难和伴随症状得到明显改善。结论　少年儿童非器质性呼吸困难呈慢性过程 ,需要引起足够的重视 ,提高医师警觉性是正确诊断处理的关键。

关键词：少年儿童非器质性呼吸困难腹式呼吸训练诊断治疗

Supramolecular Polymerization of Hydrogen-Bonded Trimers in Bulk and Aqueous Medium

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第6期6卷 1458-1465页

作者： Freek V.de Graaf Stef A.H.Jansen Sandra M.C.Schoenmakers Bas van Genabeek Marle E.J.Vleugels Bart W.L.van den Bersselaar E.W.Meijer Ghislaine vantomme Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic ChemistryEindhoven University of Technology5600 MBEindhoven School of Chemistry and RNA Institute University of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales 2052

Synthetic molecules that form functional noncovalent assemblies in water have received much attention for their potential applications as *** this work,we introduce a novel water-compatible monomer based on the phthalhydrazide moiety that assembles into hydrogen-bonded trimeric *** bulk,the material exhibits a cylindrical nanostructure in the liquid-crystalline phase at elevated temperatures,morphologically distinct from the crystalline lamellar *** water,these molecules effectively form cylinders in a one-dimensional fashion,yielding fibrous *** formation of these supramolecular polymers follows a cooperative mechanism,as evidenced by denaturation *** trimerized pattern represents a new category of aqueous su pramolecular polymers with future prospects for functional complex molecular systems.

关键词： noncovalent chemistry supramolecular polymers hydrogen bonding cooperativity nanostructure

Multi-threaded compression of Earth observation time-series data

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2017年第12期10卷 1214-1230页

作者： D.Swanepoel F.van den bergh Remote Sensing Research Unit Meraka InstituteCSIRPretoriaSouth Africa

Earth observation data are typically compressed using general-purpose single-threaded compression algorithms that operate at a fraction of the bandwidth of modern storage and processing *** present evidence that recently developed multi-threaded compression codecs offer substantial benefits over widely used single-threaded codecs in terms of compression efficiency when applied to a selection of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MoDIS)datasets stored in the HDF5 *** codecs from the LZ77 and Rice families are shown to vary in efficacy when applied to different MoDIS data products,highlighting the need for compression strategies to be tailored to different classes of *** also introduce LPC-Rice,a new multi-threaded codec,that performs particularly well when applied to time-series data.

关键词： Data compression multithreading time-series HDF HDF5 MoDIS

Impact of black cherry on pedunculate oak vitality in mixed forests:Balancing benefits and concerns

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第6期10卷 690-699页

作者： Ellen Desie Bart Muys Jan den ouden Bart Nyssen Rita Sousa-Silva Leon van den Berg Arnold van den Burg Gert-Jan van Duinen Koenraad van Meerbeek Maaike Weijters Karen vancampenhout Division Forest Nature and LandscapeKU Leuven Campus GeelKleinhoefstraat 4B-2240 GeelBelgium Division Forest Nature and LandscapeKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200EBox 2411B-3001 LeuvenBelgium KU Leuven Plant Institute B-3001 LeuvenBelgium Forest Ecology and Management Group Wageningen UniversityP.O.Box 47Wageningenthe Netherlands Bosgroep Zuid-Nederland Huisvenseweg 145591 VD Heezethe Netherlands Young Academy for Sustainability Research University of Freiburg79104 Freiburg im BreisgauGermany Aquatic Ecology&Environmental Biology Radboud University NijmegenHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJ Nijmegenthe Netherlands Biosphere/Zoological Museum Netherlands Onderlangs 176731 BK Otterlothe Netherlands Stichting Bargerveen Toernooiveld 16525 ED Nijmegenthe Netherlands B-WARE Research Centre/Radboud University Nijmegen Toernooiveld 16525 ED Nijmegenthe Netherlands

The vitality of European forests continues to decline due to new pests and diseases,climate-change related disturbances and high loads of atmospheric nitrogen *** soil health is a major factor underpinning the low vitality of West-European *** tree species with soil ameliorative traits is proposed as an avenue to counteract soil acidification and improve overall forest *** we evaluate the impact of black cherry(Prunus serotina Ehrh.),a known rich litter species,on the vitality of neighboring pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)in ten mixed forests on sand in Germany,Belgium and the *** found that black cherry admixture increases foliar N and P to a surplus whereas it causes deficiencies in foliar Mg,thereby resulting in an overall negative effect on oak foliar nutrient ***,defoliation of oak leaves by herbivory decreases with the proximity of black *** structural equation modelling(SEM),we tested the hypothesized‘improved soil health’*** analyses showed that black cherry admixture leads to lower accumulation in the humus layer,resulting in higher soil base saturation which has a positive effect on foliar Ca yet a negative effect on total ***,the SEM illustrated that herbivory of oak leaves decreases when black cherry is admixed,both via dilution and improved soil *** effects of black cherry on oak vitality via“improved soil health”in our SEM are however small in comparison to direct ***,our study showed that the combined positive and negative impacts of black cherry on oak vitality are limited,which tempers the potential benefits of using the rich litter species to counteract oak decline via improved soil health–yet,the concern of black cherry as an invasive alien species negatively affecting the vitality of mature pedunculate oak trees may also be exaggerated.

关键词： Rich litter species Black cherry Nutrient cycling Insect herbivory Dilution effect Humus type Pedunculate oak Plant-soil interaction

Combining two-photon lithography with laser ablation of sacrificial layers:A route to isolated 3D magnetic nanostructures

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Nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 1441-1447页

作者： Arjen van den Berg Mylène Caruel Matthew Hunt Sam Ladak School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff UniversityCardiffCF243AAUK Institut National des Sciences Appliquées(INSA)of Toulouse 35 Avenue de Rangueil31400 ToulouseFrance

Three-dimensional(3D)nanostructured functional materials are important systems allowing new means for intricate control of electromagnetic properties.A key problem is realising a 3D printing methodology on the nanoscale that can yield a range of functional *** this article,it is shown that two-photon lithography,when combined with laser ablation of sacrificial layers,can be used to realise such a vision and produce 3D functional nanomaterials of complex ***-of-principle is first shown by fabricating planar magnetic nanowires raised above the substrate that exhibit controlled domain wall injection and ***,3D artificial spin-ice(3DASI)structures are fabricated,whose complex switching can be probed using optical *** show that by careful analysis of the magneto-optical Kerr effect signal and by comparison with micromagnetic simulations,depth dependent switching information can be obtained from the 3DASI *** work paves the way for new materials,which exploit additional physics provided by non-trivial 3D geometries.

关键词： three-dimensional(3D)nanomagnetism 3D lithography 3D artificial spin ice sacrificial layers magneto-optical Kerr effect

Multiscale friction model for hot sheet metal forming

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Friction 2022年第2期10卷 316-334页

作者： Jenny VENEMA Javad HAZRATI Eisso ATZEMA David MATTHEWS Ton van den BooGAARD Tata Steel Research&DevelopmentCA Ijmuiden 1970the Netherlands Nonlinear Solid Mechanics Faculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschede 7522 NBthe Netherlands Laboratory for Surface Technology and Tribology Faculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschede 7522 NBthe Netherlands

The accurate description of friction is critical in the finite element(FE)simulation of the sheet metal forming ***,friction is oversimplified through the use of a constant Coulomb friction *** this study,the application of an existing multiscale friction model is extended to the hot stamping *** model accounts for the effects of tool and sheet metal surface topography as well as the evolution of contact pressure,temperature,and bulk strain during hot *** load flattening and strip drawing experiments are performed to calibrate the *** results show that the model can relatively well predict friction in strip draw experiments when the tool surface evolution due to wear is ***,the application of the formulated multiscale friction model was demonstrated in the FE simulation of a hot-stamped part.

关键词： tribology wear friction hot stamping friction model

one hundred marathons in 100 days:Unique biomechanical signature and the evolution of force characteristics and bone density

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第3期11卷 347-357页

作者： Pieter van den berghe Bastiaan Breine Ella Haeck Dirk De Clercq Department of Movement and Sports Sciences Ghent UniversityGhent 9000Belgium

Background:An extraordinary long-term running performance may benefit from low dynamic loads and a high load-bearing *** extraordinary runner(age=55 years,height=1.81 m,mass=92 kg) scheduled a marathon a day for 100 consecutive *** running biomechanics and bone density were investigated to better understand successful long-term running in the master ***:overground running gait analysis and bone densitometry were conducted before the marathon-a-day challenge and near its *** case’s running biomechanics were compared pre-challenge to 31 runners who were matched by a similar foot strike ***:The case’s peak vertical loading rate(Δx=-61.9 body weight(BW)/s or-57%),peak vertical ground reaction force(Δx=-0.38 BW or-15%),and peak braking force(Δx=-0.118 BW or-31%) were remarkably lower(pontrol group at~3.3 m/*** relatively low loading-related magnitudes were attributed to a remarkably high duty factor(0.41) at the evaluated *** foot strike angle of the marathoner(29.5°) was greater than that of the control group,affecting the peak vertical loading *** powers in the lower extremity were also remarkably low in the case ***:peak power of knee absorption(Δx=-9.16 watt/kg or-48%) and ankle generation(Δx=-3.17 watt/kg or-30%).The bone mineral density increased to 1.245 g/cm;(+2.98%) near completion of the challenge,whereas the force characteristics showed no statistically significant ***:The remarkable pattern of the high-mileage runner may be useful in developing or evaluating load-shifting strategies in distance running.

关键词： Bone Gait analysis Ground reaction force Load Running