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Spatiotemporal changes of typical glaciers and their responses to climate change in Xinjiang,Northwest China

Journal of Arid Land 2022年第5期14卷 502-520页

作者： HUANG Xiaoran BAO Anming GUO Hao MENG Fanhao ZHANG Pengfei ZHENG Guoxiong YU Tao QI Peng vincent nzabarinda DU Weibing State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences and Higher Education CommissionIslamabad 45320Pakistan School of Geography and Tourism Qufu Normal UniversityRizhao 276800China College of Geographical Science Inner Mongolia Normal UniversityHohhot 010022China Xuchang University Xuchang 461000China Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130102China School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000China

Glaciers are highly sensitive to climate change and are undergoing significant changes in *** this study,we analyzed the spatiotemporal changes of typical glaciers and their responses to climate change in the period of 1990-2015 in 4 different mountainous sub-regions in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of Northwest China:the Bogda Peak and Karlik Mountain sub-regions in the Tianshan Mountains;the Yinsugaiti Glacier sub-region in the Karakorum Mountains;and the Youyi Peak sub-region in the Altay *** standardized snow cover index(NDSI)and correlation analysis were used to reveal the glacier area changes in the 4 sub-regions from 1990 to *** areas in the Bogda Peak,Karlik Mountain,Yinsugaiti Glacier,and Youyi Peak sub-regions in the period of 1990-2015 decreased by 57.7,369.1,369.1,and 170.4 km^(2),*** of glacier area center of gravity showed that quadrant changes of glacier areas in the 4 sub-regions moved towards the *** area on the south aspect of the Karlik Mountain sub-region was larger than that on the north aspect,while glacier areas on the north aspect of the other 3 sub-regions were larger than those on the south *** precipitation in the Karlik Mountain sub-region inhibited the retreat of glaciers to a certain ***,glacier area changes in the Bogda Peak and Youyi Peak sub-regions were not sensitive to the increased *** a seasonal time scale,glacier area changes in the Bogda Peak,Karlik Mountain,Yinsugaiti Glacier,and Youyi Peak sub-regions were mainly caused by accumulated temperature in the wet season;on an annual time scale,the correlation coefficient between glacier area and annual average temperature was-0.72 and passed the significance test at P<0.05 level in the Karlik Mountain *** findings of this study can provide a scientific basis for water resources management in the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China in the context of global warmin

关键词： glacier area change normalized snow cover index(NDSI) climate change remote sensing Altay Mountains Tianshan Mountains Karakorum Mountains

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Temporal changes in seasonal precipitation over the Sahara Desert from 1979 to 2016

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2021年第3期13卷 220-233页

作者： Sindikubwabo Celestin Feng Qi RuoLin Li WenJu Cheng Jian Ma Habiyakare Telesphore nzabarinda vincent Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology of Inland River Basin Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)LanzhouGansu 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Qilian Mountains Eco environment Research Center LanzhouGansu 730000China Academy of Water Resources Conservation Forests in Qilian Mountains ZhangyeGansu 734000China

Rainfall variability dominates livelihoods in all countries of Saharan *** better understand the processes involved in Sahara precipitation changes,we used the Global Precipitation Climatology Center(GPCC)dataset to examine dry and wet seasonal trends in the Sahara region from 1979 to *** also used the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)to evaluate the general atmospheric circulation associated with seasonal change of Sahara *** Mann-Kendall test and Theil sens'slope estimator methods were adopted to test and estimate the significance and weight of precipitation trend,*** results revealed that Sahara precipitation has increased *** seasonal evaluation shows a positive trend of 0.42 mm/decade and 1.43 mm/decade in JAS(June,August,and September)seasons for the northern and southern Saharan Desert,***,the JFMA(January,February,March,and April)period shows a negative trend but not statistically *** examination of the general circulation and moisture transport changes suggested an increase of rainfall in southern *** wet period is also driven by northward penetration of moisture originating from the Sahel region,African Easterly Jet(AEJ),and weakening in the upper tropospheric zonal *** rainfall has also been likely associated with positive anomalies of sea surface temperature(SST)in the North Tropical Atlantic(NTA)and the Mediterranean Sea.

关键词： Sahara precipitation variability arid Africa climate

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决定卢旺达铁路货场类型的方法

决定卢旺达铁路货场类型的方法

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作者： vincent nzabarinda 北京交通大学

学位级别：硕士

卢旺达没有铁路系统,还没有开发出铁路系统。由于这个问题的复杂性,我从邻国的铁路系统中收集了数据。在设计和定位铁路货场时,为了能以合理的方式解决复杂问题,本人提出了一个需要关注货场设计的布局设计,这有效改进货场和位置选择,同... 详细信息

卢旺达没有铁路系统,还没有开发出铁路系统。由于这个问题的复杂性,我从邻国的铁路系统中收集了数据。在设计和定位铁路货场时,为了能以合理的方式解决复杂问题,本人提出了一个需要关注货场设计的布局设计,这有效改进货场和位置选择,同时关注7个物流标准的使用。为了进行数据定量分析,我使用了 excel和原点Pro(数据分析和绘图软件),并在货场里提出互补型,以避免成为铁路网络的瓶颈。因此,我开发了一个重要的货场能力模型,它主要体现了所有的货场特性,并通过现有的16个大型货运分类码的特点验证了该模型的有效性。在对其他的元素进行建模时,例如货场容量,体积,轨道类别,到发线,等待时间,驼峰数,驼峰引擎和发动机。此外,从货场选择问题,如前所述,原专业已被用于物流枢纽的分析,而本人在货运场地选址时,描述了重要的物流枢纽要素。这项研究只关注铁路货场,而不是乘客,并利用卢旺达的货运需求数据和物流数据进行案例研究。模型的优点在于几乎所利用的铁路货场的元素都很容易理解。在确定了货场及其位置后,我决定去找重力场。模型结果表明,所有列出的货场单元都与到发线想联系,并参与了货场容量测定。位置分析显示,铁路货运场必须位于一个主要7个物流中心标准的地方,在我们的案例中,卢旺达首都基加利已经意识到这一点。希望这项研究通过建立模型将有助于决策者选择枢纽,有助于货场设计师和研究人员理解的选择。合理的货场布置平衡所有货场特性,将有助于计算出在给定的货场中存在的问题,或者选择出一个合理的货场。为了确定铁路货场的位置和设计,决策者必须注意,即使在扩张期间,也要保持高基础设施的弹性性能以适应需求增加。铁路货运的发达国家避免常规的维修无知和操作,同时考虑到一些失败或坏的情况,将支持铁路生活和国家的可持续发展。

关键词：铁路货场布局设计位置选择货场轨道分类高效的货场生产运营

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Advances in Quantifying Impact and Extent of Water-Land-Food Nexus for Food Security in Africa

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第4期13卷 520-541页

作者： Auguste Cesar Itangishaka Yonghui Yang Kiril Manevski Huilong Li Telesphore Habiyakare Gratien Twagirayezu Jean Yves Uwamungu Christine Mushimiyimana Romaine Ingabire Hubert Hirwa vincent nzabarinda Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving Center for Agricultural Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Agroecology Aarhus University Tjele Denmark Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research Beijing China College of Resources and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou China Tianshui Normal University Tianshui China College of Bioengineering and Technology Tianshui Normal University Tianshui China Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization of Agricultural Solid Waste Tianshui Normal University Tianshui China China-Belarus Institute of Ecology and Environment Tianshui Normal University Tianshui China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China

Food systems have the potential to promote human health and enhance environmental sustainability;yet most African countries have decadal starvation and malnourishment due to unstable food systems lacking basic nutritional profiles. To understand the key questions of the African food production and food security crisis, it is important to evaluate the past and the present balance of food production and consumption quantitatively and comprehensively and identify resource constraints. This continental study analyzed water-land-food (WLF) nexus in recent decades (1997-2017) and accessed whether these resources cope with different population growth projections, dietary changes and agricultural water management. The findings revealed that in 2017, total production in Africa for the four major crops was 83.3, 34.1, 21.0 and 26.7 million tons for, respectively, maize, rice, sorghum and wheat. Together with the imported food, 38 countries experienced an increase in kcal by food supply, while 7 countries encountered a decrease. However, only 6 countries were above the 1500 kcal∙capita−1∙day−1—the global average food consumption from the four major crops. The study also found that in the context of food production and out of the total African population, 268 million (21.6%) have enough land and water, 310 million (25.0%) is without enough land and water, further 279 million (22.5%) have enough water but not enough land, and 381 million (30.8%) encounter enough land but not enough water. This is the first WLF nexus study for the African continent and emphasizes the need for efficient and rapid changes in the food systems of the African population, both in production and consumption, in order to provide sustainable and secure food systems, and ultimately approach the first three Sustainable Development Goals.

关键词： Basic Dietary Requirements Cereal Import Dependency Ration Constraint Import Production Shortages Resource

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Reconciling Landscape Fragmentation and Hippopotamuses Population Decrease in Virunga National Park Wetland

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第12期8卷 63-76页

作者： Madeleine Udahogora Zhaoping Yang Patient Mindje Lamek Nahayo Richard Mindje vincent nzabarinda Anathalie Nyirarwasa State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Faculty of Environmental Studies University of Lay Adventists of Kigali Kigali Rwanda

Wetlands have been noted to be beneficial worldwide. Despite wetlands being a natural asset that is of great significance to the human community, they are threatened by human and natural events. In Virunga National Park (VNP) wetlands are the habitat of Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) which are among the animal species threatened by extinction in VNP since the past few decades. As shown by the last studies the number of Hippos population declined for 96% for the period of less than 40 years. This study evaluated landscape fragmentation status and its implication on the decline of the hippos population in VNP wetland for the period from 1990 to 2018. This study’s land cover data was obtained using remote sensing techniques with the help of software package ERDAS IMAGINE v16.6 and ArcGIS v10.3. It was mapped and classified using the maximum likelihood supervised classification technique. The landscape was classified into seven classes, which included Cropland, Forest, grassland, wetland, scrubland, bare area, and water. Satellite data (Landsat) was used to evaluate NDVI and NDWI and finally the landscape patterns in the study were analyzed using Fragstats 4.2, which was also used to calculate landscape indices for the respective periods. The results obtained from the LULC, NDVI, NDWI and the landscape metrics showed that during the period of our study the VNP wetland was fragmented. A strong negative correlation between the number of hippos and the wetland’s LFI (Landscape Fragmentation Index) values showed that wetland fragmentation was one of the reasons of the decline of Hippos in the park.

关键词： Remote Sensing Landscape Metrics Virunga National Park Hippopotamus

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