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Performance of Dairy Cows Supplemented with By-Pass Fat under Heat Stress Conditions

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2023年第1期13卷 82-97页

作者： Pablo Matías Roskopf maría Paz Tieri alejandra Cuatrin maría Esperanza Ceron Cucchi José Ignacio Gere Eloy Eduardo Salado Rafaela Agricultural Experiment Station National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) Rafaela Argentina Paraná Agricultural Experiment Station National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) Paraná Argentina Institute of Pathobiology National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) Castelar Argentina Engineering Research and Development Division National Technological University (UTN) National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplementation with a protected fat source on the productive response, metabolic environment and physiological indicators in Holstein cows under heat stress conditions during a 12-week experimental period. Thirty Holstein cows were distributed in 15 blocks by parity (2.0 ± 1.1), days in milk (182 ± 80) and milk production (29.4 ± 5.7 kg·day-1) at the beginning of the trial and randomly assigned within each block to the following treatments (diets): SPF: supplementation with protected fat or WPF: without supplementation with protected fat. All the cows were kept in a dry-lot where they were given a partial mixed ration (PMR) ad libitum while in the milking parlor they received individual supplementation depending on the treatment. The SPF diet contained 4.0 kg·day-1 concentrate in pellet form + 0.6 kg·day-1 ground corn grain + 0.7 kg·day-1 protected fat, while the WPF diet was similar to that offered in SPF, but the protected fat was isoenergetically replaced by ground corn grain. The fat supplement contained fats of animal and vegetable origin and microencapsulation was used for its preparation. Total dry matter and metabolic energy intakes were similar (p > 0.05) between treatments. Fat corrected milk (4% FCM) production was higher (p = 0.04), while energy corrected milk and fat productions tended (p = 0.06) to be higher in cows from the SPF group, without effects (p > 0.05) on the rest of the milk production and composition parameters. These results could be attributed to an improvement in the efficiency of the use of the energy consumed. Protected fat supplementation neither modified the metabolic profile, nor reduced the respiratory rate and body temperature of heat-stressed cows. Future research is needed to explain this latter result.

关键词： Dairy Cattle By-Pass Fat Heat Stress

Feeding Polyunsaturated Supplements to Grazing Dairy Cows Improve the Healthy Value of Milk Fatty Acids

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第8期8卷 759-782页

作者： Gerardo Antonio Gagliostro Daniel Alberto Garciarena maría alejandra Rodriguez Liliana Elisabet Antonacci Area de Producción Animal Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Balcarce Argentina Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas de la Industria Láctea Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial Buenos Aires Argentina

The objective of the experiment was to improve the healthy value of milk fatty acids (FA) by feeding sunflower oil (SO) or sunflower seed (SS) combined or not with fish oil (FO) to grazing dairy cows. Four Holstein cows (515 ± 80 kg liveweight) in late lactation (230 days postpartum) fitted with ruminal cannulae were allotted to a 4 × 4 Latin square design with factorial arrangement of treatments: SS = 1.9 kg dry matter (DM)/cow/d of SS;SO = 0.8 kg/cow/d of SO;SS-FO = SS + 0.24 kg/cow/d FO and SO-FO = SO + 0.24 kg/FO. Cows grazed a high quality pasture offered at 11 kg DM/cow/day. After the afternoon milking cows also received 5.6 kg DM/cow of corn silage and during each milking time cracked corn grain (1.3 kg DM/cow) mixed with a mineral-vitamin premix was fed. Oils and SS were introduced via ruminal cannulae and SS was fed roughly grounded. Milk yield tended (p 12:0, 51% for C14:0 and 29% for C16:0. Atherogenicity index (AI) of milk was reduced particularly in SS-FO. Basal concentration of cis-9, trans-11 C18:2 (CLA) in milk was 1.39 g/100g FA and increased (p marked effect on milk FA profile putatively enhancing its healthy value.

关键词： Grazing Dairy Cow Milk Fatty Acids Conjugated Linoleic Acid

A Comparative Study of Different Strains of Trichoderma under Different Conditions of Temperature and pH for the Control of Rhizoctonia solani

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第6期13卷 702-714页

作者： Pérez Alejandro Andrés Pérez maría alejandra martínez Coca Benedicto Rollhaiser Ignacio Nahuel Blengini maría Clara Chair of Phytopathology Bioinput Transfer Center Faculty of Agricultural Sciences National University of Córdoba Córdoba Argentina Agrifood Quality Transfer Center Faculty of Agricultural Sciences National University of Córdoba Córdoba Argentina Cuban National Health Center San José de las Lajas Cuba

Severe damage caused by R. solani in the potato crop and the current limitations for its control justify the assessment of potential biocontrol agents and their relationship with abiotic factors to be successfully included in sustainable production systems. The aim of this study was to test the effect of temperature (10˚C, 15˚C, 25˚C, 35˚C) and pH (5.5, 7, 8.5) on the growth and antagonist mechanisms of 26 native strains of 11 species of Trichoderma for the control of R. solani. The response obtained was dependent on the isolation, rather than on the Trichoderma specie that was tested. Most of them showed greater growth at 25˚C and pH 5.5, with overgrowth values between 75% and 100% and greater percentage of radial growth inhibition (PRGI) at 50%. A greater ability to compete for the substrate is observed, enhanced by its higher growth rate. Hyphal interaction mechanisms were varied and, at least, 92% of the isolations showed a minimum of two different types. Knowledge of the behavior of the different strains in front of varied abiotic factors will enable an understanding of the population dynamic of Trichoderma and the identification of the most efficient strains for the control of R. solani.

关键词： Biological Control Abiotic Factors Phytopathogen

Milk Yield and Composition and Pasture Ruminal Digestion in Grazing Dairy Cows Receiving Three Levels of Energy Concentrate Supplementation

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第10期8卷 1135-1156页

作者： Eloy Eduardo Salado Gustavo Bretschneider alejandra Cuatrin Adriana maría Descalzo Gerardo Antonio Gagliostro Area de Investigación en Producción Animal Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Rafaela Argentina Agencia de Extensión Rural Necochea Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Necochea Argentina LABINTEX-EUROPA-INTAPersyst UMR QUALISUD-Batiment 16-Bureau 340 Montpellier France Area de Investigación en Producción Animal Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Balcarce Argentina

The objective of the experiment was to determine the effect of feeding three levels (T3.5, T7.0 and T10.5) of energy concentrate (3.5, 7.0 and 10.5 kg cow-1 day-1) on total dry matter (DM) and energy intakes, milk yield and composition, nutritional value of milk and rumen pasture neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestion in grazing dairy cows. Twenty-one multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation (70.2 ± 13 days postpartum) producing 37.1 (±4.7) kg of milk were assigned to a 3 treatments (7 cows/treatment) × 3 periods Latin square design. Parameters of ruminal environment and pasture NDF degradation were obtained using 3 additional cows of the same breed fitted with rumen cannulae. On a wet basis, concentrate was composed by corn grain (68%), soybean meal (22%), wheat bran (8%) and a vitamin-mineral nucleus with monensin. Pasture (Medicago sativa, sp) was used in a rotational grazing system with an herbage allowance of 30 kg DM cow-1 d-1. Yield (kg cow-1 d-1) of fat corrected milk (4% FCM) resulted higher (p < 0.05) in T7.0 (29.0) compared to T3.5 (26.8) but similar to T10.5 (30.2). Milk and protein yields were linearly increased (p < 0.01) by concentrate intake. Milk fat (3.13 g/100g) and total solid contents (11.79 g/100g) did not differ whereas milk protein (p < 0.03) and casein (p < 0.01) levels (g/100g) increased linearly from 3.05 to 3.10 (protein) and from 2.42 to 2.47 (casein). Pasture intake decreased but total DM and energy consumption were enhanced showing addition effects after concentrate feeding. Body weight (BW) loss and plasmatic levels of non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) decreased with concentrate intake. Circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) were higher (p < 0.05) in T10.5 while those of glucose, plasma urea nitrogen, insulin and somatotrophin were not affected. Ruminal pH and acetate concentration resulted lower (p < 0.05) in T10.5 when compared to T3.5. The acetate:propionate ratio decreased (p < 0.01) from 4.25 in T3.5 to 3

关键词： Grazing Dairy Cows Milk Yield Concentrate Supplementation Rumen Digestion

Productive Response of Dairy Cows Fed with Different Levels of Totally Mixed Ration and Pasture

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第7期9卷 824-851页

作者： Eloy Eduardo Salado Gustavo Bretschneider alejandra Cuatrin Adriana maría Descalzo Gerardo Antonio Gagliostro Area de Investigación en Producción Animal Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Rafaela Argentina Agencia de Extensión Rural Necochea Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Necochea Argentina Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos(ITA) Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Castelar Argentina

Forty multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation (66 ± 19 days) were assigned to one of four treatments that consisted in different ratios of total mixed rations (TMR) and pasture at 100% TMR (T0), 75:25 (T1) 50:50 (T2) and 25:75 (T3) over 9 weeks in autumn-winter. Measures of rumen parameters and digestion were performed on 4 additional Holstein cows in late lactation (287 days postpartum) fitted with permanent ruminal fistulae and producing 22.6 (±5.4) kg milk in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design. In T1 to T3 cows were taken to the grazing plot once they finished the pre-planned TMR intake and pasture was offered at 2 times the expected forage DM intake. Milk was analyzed for chemical composition, milk fatty acid (FA) profile and antioxidant compounds. The cows were individually weighed and body condition score (BCS) was determined. After the morning milking, blood samples were taken every 2 weeks and plasma was analyzed for glucose, urea, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I). Herbage mass in pre grazing strips of pasture averaged 2540 ± 343 kg DM/ha. As TMR intake increased, production variables increased linearly excepting milk fat (3.88 g/100g) and milk protein (3.43 g/100g) contents that were not affected. Milk yield (kg/cow/d) resulted maximal in T0 (34.2) and linearly decreased (p 3-N concentration resulted higher in treatments with higher proportion of pasture. Kinetic parameters of DM and NDF digestion from pasture or corn silage were not affected. Milk FA profile and milk antioxidant quality showed unfavorably changes as TMR increased by a decrease in rumenic and linolenic acids and content of antioxidant vitamins, without effect on the atherogenicity index. Results suggested a depressing effect of the pasture on total DM and energy intake probably explained by qualitative deficiencies chemical composition of the forage and/or factors that affect animal behavior that may induce losses in body c

关键词： Dairy Cow Milk Production Partial Mixed Rations

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity among University Students of the Health Field in San Luis PotosíMéxico

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Health 2015年第3期7卷 328-335页

作者： Tejada Tayaba Luz maría Pastor Durango maría del Pilar Gaytan Hernández Dario norma Angelica Estevis Adame Ortiz Villalobos Guillermo School of Nursing Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí Mexico School of Nursing The University of Antioquia Medellín Colombia Health Services in the State of San Luis Potosi San Luis Potosí Mexico

The aim for this research is to determine the association between the risk factors and prevalence of overweight and obesity in students in the health field in the Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (UASLP in Spanish). A quantitative, correlational, and cross-sectional study was conducted from May to November 2012. By stratified random sampling, 290 students in the health field were selected. Questionnaire was used to identify factors associated with obesity. The obesity and overweight prevalence was determined, calculating body mass index through anthropometric measurement. The strength of the association between variables was measured using Chi squared and odds ratio tests. The proportion of students with overweight or obesity was 28.3% and was higher in men (36.8%) than in women (24.6%), with statistical significance (p < 0.01). Greater obesity or overweight was identified in psychology students (p < 0.01) and in those who reported an average appetite (79.3%) (p < 0.05). In total, 66.6% of the students decreased their physical activity upon joining the university, which was a factor significantly associated with obesity and overweight (p < 0.05). The findings show that the school environment can be a conditioning factor for the development of obesity and overweight in students. Implementation of a program is recommended to prevent and control such problems.

关键词： University Students Obesity Risk Factors

Effect of Diet Supplementation with Combinations of Soybean and Linseed Oils on Milk Production and Fatty Acid Profile in Lactating Dairy Ewes

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第2期9卷 200-220页

作者： Liliana Elisabet Antonacci margarita Bussetti maría alejandra Rodriguez Adriana Virginia Cano Gerardo Antonio Gagliostro Area de Produccion Animal Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria Balcarce Argentina Area de Produccion Animal Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria Anguil Argentina Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas de la Industria Láctea Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial Parque Tecnológico Miguelete Buenos Aires Argentina

Thirty-six Pampinta ewes were used in a completely randomized design to examine the effectiveness of soybean (SO) and linseed (LO) oils to reduce the concentration of the atherogenic fatty acids (FA) of milk (C12:0 to C16:0) and increase the content of conjugated linoleic (cis-9, trans-11 C18:2) also called rumenic acid (RA) and vaccenic acids (trans-11C18:1, VA). Six ewes per treatment received a Control diet alone (71% alfalfa hay and 29% concentrate) or supplemented (0.24 kg/ewe·day) with pure oils (SO100 or LO100) or their blend at (%) SO75-LO25, SO50-LO50 and SO25-LO75. Milk yield, milk fat content and milk fat secretion were not affected. Milk protein content resulted higher in SO75-LO25, SO50-LO50 and SO25-LO75 without changes in milk protein yield. Total solid content of milk tended (p p p < 0.001) by oils reaching a minimum value of 1.89 in LO100. Feeding polyunsaturated oils at 7% of total dry matter (DM) intake did not affect the productive response of dairy ewes resulting in an effective tool to improve the healthy value of milk fat. The SO50-LO50 blend showed the highest number of healthy changes in milk FA composition.

关键词： Ewe Milk Soybean Oil Linseed Oil Conjugated Linoleic Acid

Ultrasound Promoted Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Novel Seven and Eight-Membered 1,3-Disubstituted Cyclic Amidinium Salts

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Open Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2020年第4期10卷 139-152页

作者： maría M. Blanco maría A. Reamírez maría C. Caterina Isabel A. Perillo Guido A. Oppezzo maría S. Shmidt Gabriel O. Gutkind José Di Conza alejandra Salerno Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Departamento de Microbiología Inmunología y Biotecnología Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina

Series of 1,3-dibenzyl-1H-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-diazepinium and 1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1,3-diazocinium salts derivatives were efficiently synthesized in excellent yields by dehydrogenation of the corresponding N,N'-dibenzyl aminals employing N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) as dehydrogenating agent under ultrasound irradiation. The present methodology has proven to be simple, efficient and environmentally benign. All novel compounds were identified and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectra. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities.

关键词： Medium Ring Amidinium Salts Ultrasonic Assisted Synthesis Antimicrobial Green Chemistry

Scientific and Traditional Knowledge in Odontology

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2014年第7期4卷 358-371页

作者： maría del Pilar Adriano Tomás Caudillo Joya Nicolás Malinowski Pilar alejandra Caudillo Adriano Cuautitlán Izcalli University Campus Chopos México Metropolitan University Autonomy Xochimilco México School of Continuing Studies UNAM Zaragoza México

Introduction: We present the results of scientific and traditional knowledge, which were performed on students attending the School of Dental Surgery at the Faculty of Higher Studies Zaragoza UNAM and parents in the Milpa Alta policy delegation of the Federal District with the purpose to articulate such knowledge for planning oral health programs where the protection and promotion of oral health are prioritized. Method: This study was qualitative and quantitative, and 413 students of the career Dentist Faculty of Higher Studies Zaragoza UNAM and 2100 parents of twelve elementary school of the Milpa Alta delegation participated. Results: One of the results was that almost a third (28%) of the students go to the dentist only when they need to, however 40% of parents said they go to consultation only when they start to experience pain. Conclusion: It is important to articulate scientific knowledge with the traditional and famed in Odontology, for the operation alization of health programs attached to particular contexts where all stakeholders are involved to prevent oral problems.

关键词： Knowledge Empowerment Health Disease Process Tooth Decay Promotion