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Proposal of a Model of a Three-Dimensional Spherical Universe

Journal of Modern Physics 2022年第9期13卷 1253-1266页

作者： Hitoshi Shibata norio ogata Taiko Pharmaceutical Company Limited Osaka Japan R & D Department Taiko Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kyoto Japan

Despite the existence of several exact solutions to the general theory of relativity, it is still difficult to explain the entire structure of the universe. In this paper, we propose a novel three-dimensional spherical (S3) universe model. According to this model, the universe had a powerful gravity source at its origin, and a part of the gravitational source formed a bubble of spacetime in which the universe was born. The universe expanded explosively immediately after the Big Bang. The energy obtained from the gravity source at the birth of the universe is constant, that is, it remains constant from the birth of the universe to the end. The expansion and contraction of the universe is determined by the passage of coordinate time. The S3 universe observed from outside can be considered to be a two-dimensional spherical surface by projecting it onto a three-dimensional space. On the other hand, the visible universe viewed from inside is observed as a three-dimensional sphere with an arbitrary observation point. The origin of the S3 universe can be seen to be evenly spread in the outer shell of the visible universe. We define visible longitude as the difference between an observation point and its farthest light source. At an initial phase of the expansion of the universe, few stars can be seen, because the visible longitude is small. However, when the expansion of the universe progresses, the number of visible stars also increases, since visible longitude increases. In our S3 universe model, the redshifts observed and reported so far in literature appear to indicate that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. Our S3 universe model can thus lead to a novel exact solution to general relativity.

关键词： Redshift S3 Universe Expansion General Relativity Big Bang

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Apparent Accelerated Expansion of the Three-Dimensional Spherical Universe Observed during Its Contraction Phase

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Journal of Modern Physics 2023年第S1期14卷 1693-1702页

作者： Hitoshi Shibata norio ogata Taiko Pharmaceutical Company Limited Osaka Japan R & D Department Taiko Pharmaceutical Company Limited Seikacho Japan

In recent years, it has been thought that the expansion of the universe has begun to accelerate. However, there are other views against this. Here we propose a new theory based on the three-dimensional spherical (S3) universe wherein the same observations as the present universe can also be found by the accelerated contraction of the universe. According to our theory, the expansion velocity of the S3 universe slowed down after the Big Bang, and all the kinetic energy was converted into potential energy to reach the great sphere. After that, accelerated contraction begins, and the universe finally converges to an original single point. In the S3 universe, the passage of time (referred to as “proper time”) changes depending on its expansion velocity. The frequency of light emitted from celestial bodies is determined by their proper time on emission, and when the light is observed by observers having different proper time, a redshift or blueshift is observed. Observers in the expansion phase observe redshifts, because the proper time of the observer progresses faster than that of emitted light, but observers in the contraction phase observe an accelerated delay of the proper time, so the progress of the proper time is reversed based upon its order from nearby celestial bodies, a blueshift is observed, and its range of observable distance increases. The results of this early contraction phase are consistent with the observations of the current universe. In conclusion, the S3 universe may be able to explain the geometrical structure of the current universe.

关键词： Three-Dimensional Universe Spherical Universe Redshift Big Bang

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Nondestructive and active interrogation system for special nuclear material:proof of principle and initial results

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 216-225页

作者： Mahmoud Bakr Kai Masuda Yoshiyuki Takahashi Tsuyoshi Misawa norio Yamakawa Tomas Scott Institute of Advanced Energy Kyoto UniversityGokashoUjiKyoto 611‑0011Japan School of Physics University of BristolBs81TL Tyndall AvenueBristolUK Physics Department Faculty of ScienceAssiut UniversityAssiut 71516Egypt Research Reactor Institute Kyoto University2 Asashiro‑NishiKumatoriOsaka 590‑0494Japan Pony Industry Co.Ltd. 2‑3‑6 Kitakyuhoji‑MachiChuo‑KuOsaka 541‑0057Japan Astral Neutronics LTD Unit H5HallenBristol BS107SBUK

Herein,we employ the threshold energy neutron analysis(TENA)technique to introduce the world's first active interrogation system to detect special nuclear materials(SNMs),including U-235 and Pu-239.The system utilizes a DD neutron generator based on inertial electrostatic confinement(IEC)to interrogate suspicious objects.To detect secondary neutrons produced during fission reactions induced in SNMs,a tensioned metastable fluid detector(TMFD)is employed.The current status of the system's development is reported in this paper,accompanied by the results from experiments conducted to detect 10 g of highly enriched uranium(HEU).Notably,the experimental findings demonstrate a distinct difference in the count rates of measurements with and without HEU.This difference in count rates surpasses two times the standard deviation,indicating a confidence level of more than 96% for identifying the presence of HEU.The paper presents and extensively discusses the proof-of-principle experimental results,along with the system's planned trajectory.

关键词： Special nuclear materials Uranium detection Inertial electrostatic confinement fusion TENA HEU CTMFD

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Effect of chlorine dioxide on avian influenza A(H7N9)virus

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Biosafety and Health 2022年第1期4卷 53-57页

作者： Zhiping Sun Yun Qian norio ogata Xia Cai Wendong Han Youhua Xie Hirofumi Morino Koushirou Sogawa Takashi Shibata Di Qu BSL-3 Laboratory of Fudan University School of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China R&D Center Taiko Pharmaceutical Co.LtdKyotoJapan Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology(MOE/NHC/CAMS) Department of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Avian influenza remains a threat to human wellbeing.Hypochlorite derivatives are commonly used as disinfectants to prevent the spread of the disease.The World Health Organization(WHO)has listed chlorine dioxide(ClO_(2))as an A1‐level,safe,and efficient disinfectant.In this study,we tested the efficacy of ClO_(2),in aqueous solution and gas forms,against avian influenza A(H7N9)virus.The virus suspension was mixed with ClO_(2) aqueous solutions of various concentrations and for various time intervals.Aliquots of the mixture were then serially diluted,and the 50%tissue culture infective dose(TCID50)was measured with a hemagglutination test on MDCK cells.ClO_(2) gas produced from generators was introduced in a chamber containing the virus suspension in a Petri dish.The infective activity of the surviving virus was measured by the hemagglutination test.An aqueous solution of ClO_(2) at 126μg/mL for 15 s was effective given that no surviving virus was detected with the hemagglutination test.ClO_(2) gas at>5μL/L sustained for 1 h inactivated the virus effectively,while at 2.5μL/L for 1 h,it only partially inactivated the virus.ClO_(2) as gas or aqueous solution at a certain concentration is effective in inactivating the H7N9 virus,and can be applied for the decontamination and disinfection of environments.

关键词： Chlorine dioxide Influenza virus A H7N9 Disinfection Aqueous solution Gas ClO_(2)

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Stem cell-derived embryo models:a frontier of human embryology

Medical Review

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Medical Review 2023年第4期3卷 343-346页

作者： norio Kobayashi Jianping Fu Department of Mechanical Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Studying human development remains difficult due to limited accessibility to human embryonic tissues.Prompted by the availability of human stem cells that share molecular and cellular similarities with embryonic and extraembryonic cells in peri-implantation human embryos,researchers have now successfully developed stem cellbased human embryo models that are promising as experimental tools for studying early human development.In this Perspective,we discuss the current progress in mouse and human stem cell-derived embryo models and highlight their promising applications in advancing the fundamental understanding of mammalian development.

关键词： embryo models embryonic development pluripotent stem cells

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Statin as a therapeutic agent in gastroenterological cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第1期14卷 110-123页

作者： norio Uemura Hiromitsu Hayashi Hideo Baba Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamoto 860-8556Japan

Statins inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase,the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway,and are widely used as an effective and safe approach handle hypercholesterolemia.The mevalonate pathway is a vital metabolic pathway that uses acetyl-CoA to generate isoprenoids and sterols that are crucial to tumor growth and progression.Multiple studies have indicated that statins improve patient prognosis in various carcinomas.Basic research on the mechanisms underlying the antitumor effects of statins is underway.The development of new anti-cancer drugs is progressing,but increasing medical costs from drug development have become a major obstacle.Readily available,inexpensive and well-tolerated drugs like statins have not yet been successfully repurposed for cancer treatment.Identifying the cancer patients that may benefit from statins is key to improved patient treatment.This review summarizes recent advances in statin research in cancer and suggests important considerations for the clinical use of statins to improve outcomes for cancer patients.

关键词： Statin HMG CoA reductase inhibitor Mevalonate pathway Cancer

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Effect of Intertidal Elevation at Tsuyazaki Cove,Fukuoka,Japan on Survival Rate of Horseshoe Crab Tachypleus tridentatus Eggs

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2022年第3期21卷 601-610页

作者： ITAYA Shinji SHUUNO Mari ONIKURA norio TAI Akira YANO Shinichiro Environmental Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Department of Urban and Environmental EngineeringGraduate School of EngineeringKyushu UniversityFukuoka819-0395Japan Tsuyazaki Seaside Nature School Fukutsu811-3304Japan Fishery Research Laboratory Department of Bioresource ScienceGraduate School of Bioenvironmental ScienceKyushu UniversityFukuoka819-0395Japan

Physical factors affecting the survival of Tachypleus tridentatus eggs were investigated by translocating their eggs between the high intertidal zone and the low intertidal zone of a known spawning site.The mean egg survival rates per day were highest in the mid intertidal zone(45.1%±25.4%)and the lowest in the low intertidal zone(13.3%±27.6%).Differences in the elevation,air exposure time,and water content of the spawning ground were significant factors determining the egg survival rates.Excessive or insufficient air exposure time resulted in inadequate water content at higher and lower intertidal zones and could reduce egg survival.On the other hand,moderate saturation and dehydration were repeated with each tidal movement in the mid intertidal zone.This dynamic is considered as one of the crucial factors for the survival of eggs and is considered optimal for spawning.Therefore,the protection of the mid intertidal zone is imperative for maximizing the egg survival rate in Tsuyazaki Cove where almost all suitable nesting sites have disappeared due to coastal development.By protecting these optimal sites for spawning and recovering other optimal sites on suitable beaches,a positive contribution can be made to future management and conservation.The study also suggests that translocating eggs from marginal to optimal spawning sites might be a recovery strategy for this globally endangered species.

关键词： air exposure time globally endangered species intertidal elevation intertidal zone optimal spawning site Tachypleus tridentatus translocated horseshoe crab eggs Tsuyazaki Cove

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Effect of die coating on surface crack depth of hot extruded 7075 aluminum alloy

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Friction 2023年第7期11卷 1212-1224页

作者： Tatsuya FUNAZUKA Kuniaki DOHDA norio TAKATSUJI Chengliang HU Ngernbamrung SUKUNTHAKAN Faculty of Engineering University of ToyamaToyama 9308555Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanston 60201USA Institute of Forming Technology&Equipment School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Metal and Manufacturing Process Research Group National Metal and Materials Technology CenterPathumthani 12120Thailand

The aluminum alloys belonging to the 7000 series are high-strength alloys used in a wide variety of products for weight reduction.They are primarily used in the field of transportation and aerospace.Among these,the A7075 alloy has the highest strength and is expected to be applicable in a wide range of fields,such as aircraft components and sports equipment.However,it has high deformation resistance and is prone to surface defects,which is called tearing.Tearing typically occurs at high temperatures and high ram speeds,and adversely affects productivity.The localized melting of Zn and additive compounds,due to the heat generated during the process,is considered to cause tearing.In this study,the effect of friction,heat,and tearing at the tool-metal interface was mitigated by improving the die surface quality.The reduced friction eliminated recrystallization by preventing the temperature from increasing to recrystallization temperature.In addition,an AlCrN coating was adopted instead of nitriding to improve the die surface quality.The tearing size and heat generated when using the AlCrN coating were found to be limited.Moreover,the grain size observed in the tearing region on the extruded surface was small.The simulations using the shear friction coefficient m observed from friction tests indicate that the use of the AlCrN coating improved the material flow.Thus,the AlCrN coating is considered effective for reducing friction at the interface and preventing the recrystallization of the extruded surface.From the aforementioned results,it can be inferred that a die coating can reduce the tearing sensitivity and increase the productivity of the A7075 alloy.

关键词： hot extrusion 7075 aluminum alloy die coating tearing

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Isolation of the Left Subclavian Artery in D-Transposition of the Great Arteries with Right Aortic Arch

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Congenital Heart Disease 2021年第4期16卷 369-371页

作者： Kotaro Hine Kohei ogata Keiko Saitou norio Mizukaki Hiroko Arai Hitoshi Yoda Department of Neonatology Toho University Omori Medical CenterTokyo143-8541Japan

Abnormal branching of the aorta associated with the right aortic arch(RAA)has been reported as isolation of left subclavian artery(ILSA),isolation of left common carotid artery,isolation of brachiocephalic artery.ILSA is a rare aortic branch anomaly that originates in the left subclavian artery from the pulmonary artery via ductus arteriosus.Several reports have described ILSA associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and tetralogy of Fallot.Here,we present a very unusual case of RAA with ILSA associated with D-transposition of the great arteries and inferior vena cava interrupted with azygos continuation.

关键词： Isolated left subclavian artery transposition of the great arteries RAA ILSA

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Adaptive Process for SMART Community Governance under Persistent Disruptive Risks

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第4期9卷 454-463页

作者： norio Okada Institute of Disaster Area Revitalization Regrowth and Governance Kwansei Gakuin University

This article addresses the increasing need for participatory approaches to disaster reduction at the community level. Based on the author's 30-year engagement in the mountainous community Chizu Town, Tottori Prefecture, Japan, a unique participatory approach called ‘‘Zeroto-One Movement'' has been strategically studied. The study areas are found to have adaptively increased their coping capacity. Their unique participatory process is shown to be an adaptive process for SMART community governance under persistent disruptive risks—‘‘S'' represents small-sized and survivability-minded, ‘‘M'' modestscale and multiple-stakeholder involved, ‘‘A'' anticipatory and adaptive, ‘‘R'' risk-concerned and responsive, and ‘‘T''is transformative. Finally, the Case Station-Field Campus scheme is proposed to serve as a platform for studying the adaptive processes over a long period of time.

关键词： Case Station-Field Campus scheme Japan Persistent disruptive risks SMART governance Zero-to-One movement

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