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A search for metal-poor stars pre-enriched by pair-instability supernovae I. A pilot study for target selection from Sloan Digital Sky Survey

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第12期12卷 1637-1648页

作者： Jing Ren norbert christlieb Gang Zhao School of Space Science and Physics Shandong University at Weihai Weihai 264209 China Zentrum ftir Astronomie der Universitat Heidelberg Landessternwarte Konigstuhl 12 D-69117Heidelberg Germany Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China

We report on a pilot study on identifying metal-poor stars pre-enriched by Pair-Instability Supernovae（PISNe）.Very massive,first generation（Population Ⅲ） stars（140 M⊙≤M≤260 M⊙）end their lives as PISNe,which have been predicted by theories,but no relics of PISNe have been observed *** the distinct characteristics of the yields of PISNe,as predicted by theoretical calculations,are a strong odd-even effect,and a strong overabundance of Ca with respect to iron and the solar *** use the latter characteristic to identify metal-poor stars in the Galactic halo that have been pre-enriched by PISNe,by comparing metallicites derived from strong, co-added Fe lines detected in low-resolution（i.e.,R=λ/△λ～2000）spectra of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey（SDSS）,with metallicities determined by the SDSS Stellar Parameters Pipeline（SSPP）.The latter are based on the strength of the CaⅡ K line and assumptions on the Ca/Fe abundance *** are selected as candidates if their metallicity derived from Fe lines is significantly lower than the SSPP *** a sample of 12 300 stars for which SDSS spectroscopy is available,we have identified 18 candidate *** resolution and signal-to-noise ratio spectra of these candidates are being obtained with the Very Large Telescope of the European Southern Observatory and the XSHOOTER spectrograph,to determine their abundance patterns,and to verify our selection *** plan to apply our method to the database of several million stellar spectra to be acquired with the Guo Shou Jing Telescope （LAMOST）in the next five years.

关键词： stars:PopulationⅡ PopulationⅢ-stars:supernovae(PISNe)-stars: abundance-stars:chemically peculiar-method:data analysis-techniques:spec- troscopic-instrumentation:spectrographs

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Discovery of a strongly r-process enhanced extremely metal-poor star LAMOST J110901.22+075441.8

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2015年第8期15卷 1264-1274页

作者： Hai-Ning Li Wako Aoki Satoshi Honda Gang Zhao norbert christlieb Takuma Suda Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of Sciences National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 OsawaMitakaTokyo181-8588Japan Department of Astronomical Science School of Physical SciencesThe Graduate University of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)2-21-1 OsawaMitakaTokyo 181-8588Japan University of Hyogo Center for AstronomyNishigaichiSayo-choSayoHyogo679-5313Japan Zentrum für Astronomie der Universitt Heidelberg LandessternwarteKnigstuhl 12D-69117 HeidelbergGermany Research Center for the Early Universe The University of TokyoHongo 7-3-1Bunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033Japan

We report the discovery of an extremely metal-poor（EMP） giant,LAMOST J110901.22＋075441.8, which exhibits a large excess of r-process elements with [Eu/Fe] ～＋1.16. The star is one of the newly discovered EMP stars identified from the LAMOST low-resolution spectroscopic survey and a highresolution follow-up observation with the Subaru Telescope. Stellar parameters and elemental abundances have been determined from the Subaru spectrum. Accurate abundances for a total of 23 elements including 11 neutron-capture elements from Sr through Dy have been derived for LAMOST J110901.22＋075441.8. The abundance pattern of LAMOST J110901.22＋075441.8 in the range of C through Zn is in line with the ＂normal＂ population of EMP halo stars, except that it shows a notable underabundance in carbon. The heavy element abundance pattern of LAMOST J110901.22＋075441.8 is in agreement with other well studied cool r-II metal-poor giants such as CS 22892-052 and CS 31082-001. The abundances of elements in the range from Ba through Dy match the scaled solar r-process pattern *** J110901.22＋075441.8 provides the first detailed measurements of neutroncapture elements among r-II stars at such low metallicity with [Fe/H]-3.4, and exhibits similar behavior as other r-II stars in the abundance ratio of Zr/Eu as well as Sr/Eu and Ba/Eu.

关键词： star: abundances—stars: PopulationⅡ— nucleosynthesis

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Test observations that search for metal-poor stars with the Guoshoujing Telescope (LAMOST)

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2010年第8期10卷 753-760页

作者： Hai-Ning Li Gang Zhao norbert christlieb A-Li Luo Jing-Kun Zhao Yong-Heng Zhao Jian-Jun Chen Zhong-Rui Bai Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Zentrum fur Astronomie der Universitat Heidelberg Landessternwarte Konigstuhl 12 69117 Heidelberg Germany

Metal-deficient stars are regarded as fossils of the early generation of stars and therefore make crucial observational targets related to stellar astrophysics. They provide fundamental information and insights on properties of the very early stage of the chemical history of the Galaxy and have been investigated for decades. The unique design of the Guoshoujing Telescope （LAMOST）, such as its large field and multi-object observational capability, enables it to be an excellent tool for searching for these metal-poor stars in the Milky Way. This work reports the result of test observations which search for metal-poor stars with LAMOST, during which nine candidate metal-poor stars with [Fe/H] ≤ - 1.0 were newly detected based on the low-resolution spectroscopic observations of the LAMOST commissioning data. The sample of stars demonstrates the efficiency of selecting from the input catalog, as well as the ability of LAMOST to enlarge the sample of metal-poor stars in the Milky Way. Furthermore, the sample of stars could be used for future calibrations of the LAMOST stellar pa- rameter pipeline.

关键词： Galaxy stellar content -- surveys -- stars Population Ⅱ

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The LEGUE input catalog for dark night observing in the LAMOST pilot survey

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第7期12卷 781-791页

作者： Fan Yang Jeffrey L. Carlin Chao Liu Yue-Yang Zhang Shuang Gao Yan Xu Li-Cai Deng Heidi Jo Newberg Sebastien Lepine Jin-Liang Hou Xiao-Wei Liu norbert christlieb Hao-Tong Zhang Hsu-Tai Lee Kai-Ke Pan Zhan-Wen Han Hong-Chi Wang Key Lab for Optical Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy ofSciences Beijing 100012 China fyang@*** Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Physics Applied Physics-and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1108th Street Troy NY 12180 USA American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY 10024USA Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China Department of Astronomy & Kavli Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBe~iing 100871 China University of Heidelberg Landessternwarte K6nigstuhl 12 D-69117 Heidelberg Germany Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica EO. Box 23-14 I Taipei 106 China Apache Point Observatory EO. Box 59 Sunspot NM 88349 USA Yunnan Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650011 China Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 2100-08 China

We outline the design of the dark nights portion of the LAMOST Pilot Survey, which began observations in 2011 October. In particular, we focus on Milky Way stellar candidates that are targeted for the LEGUE （LAMOST Experiment for Galactic Understanding and Exploration） survey. We discuss the regions of sky in which spectroscopic candidates were selected, and the motivations for selecting each of these sky areas. Some limitations due to the unique design of the telescope are discussed, including the requirement that a bright （V 〈 8） star be placed at the center of each plate for wavefront sensing and active optics corrections. The target selection categories and scientific goals motivating them are briefly discussed, followed by a detailed overview of how these selection functions were implemented. We illustrate the difference between the overall input catalog - Sloan Digital Sky Survey （SDSS） photometry - and the final targets selected for LAMOST observations.

关键词： surveys: LAMOST -- Galaxy: halo -- techniques: spectroscopic

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The site conditions of the Guo Shou Jing Telescope

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第7期12卷 772-780页

作者： Song Yao Chao Liu Hao-Tong Zhang Li-Cai Deng Heidi Jo Newberg Yue-Yang Zhang Jing Li Nian Liu Xu Zhou Jeffrey L. Carlin Li Chen norbert christlieb Shuang Gao Zhan-Wen Han Jin-Liang Hou Hsu-Tai Lee Xiao-Wei Liu Kai-Ke Pan Hong-Chi Wang Yan Xu Fan Yang Key Lab of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1108th Street Troy NY 12180 USA : School of Physics and Electronic Information China West Normal University Nanchong 637000 China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China Center for Astronomy University of Heidelberg Landesstemwarte K6nigstuhl 12 D-69117Heidelberg Germany Yunnan Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650011 China Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica P.O. Box 23-141 Taipei i06 China Department of Astronomy & Kavli Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 China Apache Point Observatory PO Box 59 Sunspot NM 88349 USA Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

The weather at the Xinglong Observing Station, where the Guo Shou Jing Telescope （GSJT） is located, is strongly affected by the monsoon climate in north- east China. The LAMOST survey strategy is constrained by these weather patterns. We present statistics on observing hours from 2004 to 2007, and the sky brightness, seeing, and sky transparency from 1995 to 2011 at the site. We investigate effects of the site conditions on the survey plan. Operable hours each month show a strong cor- relation with season： on average there are eight operable hours per night available in December, but only one-two hours in July and August. The seeing and the sky trans- parency also vary with season. Although the seeing is worse in windy winters, and the atmospheric extinction is worse in the spring and summer, the site is adequate for the proposed scientific program of the LAMOST survey. With a Monte Carlo simulation using historical data on the site condition, we find that the available observation hours constrain the survey footprint from 22h to 16h in right ascension; the sky brightness allows LAMOST to obtain a limiting magnitude of V = 19.5 mag with S/N= 10.

关键词： telescopes - site testing - surveys

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The LEGUE disk targets for LAMOST's pilot survey

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第7期12卷 805-812页

作者： Li Chen Jin-Liang Hou Jin-Cheng Yu Chao Liu Li-Cai Deng Heidi Jo Newberg Jeffrey L. Carlin Fan Yang Yue-Yang Zhang Shi-Yin Shen Hao-Tong Zhang Jian-Jun Chen Yu-Qin Chen norbert christlieb Zhan-Wen Han Hsu-Tai Lee Xiao-Wei Liu Kai-Ke Pan Jian-Rong Shi Hong-Chi Wang Zi Zhu Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 Chinat Key Lab for Optical Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy ofSciences Beijing 100012 China Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1108th Street Troy NY 12180 USA Center for Astronomy University of Heidelberg Landessternwarte K6nigstuhl 12 D-69117Heidelberg Germany Yunnan Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650011 China Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica E O. Box 23-141 Taipei 106 China Department of Astronomy & Kavli Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeiiing 100875 China Apache Point Observatory PO Box 59 Sunspot NM 88349 USA Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210008 China

We describe the target selection algorithm for the low latitude disk por- tion of the LAMOST Pilot Survey, which aims to test systems in preparation for the LAMOST spectroscopic survey. We use the PPMXL astrometric catalog, which provides positions, proper motions, B/R/I magnitudes （mostly） from USNO-B and d/H/Ks from the Two Micron All Sky Survey （2MASS） as well. We chose eight plates along the Galactic plane, in the region 0° 〈 α° 〈 67° and 42° 〈 δ 〈 59°, which cover 22 known open clusters with a range of ages. Adjacent plates may have some small overlapping area. Each plate covers an area of 2.5° in radius, with its cen- tral star （for the Shack-Hartmann guider） brighter than 8th magnitude. For each plate, we create an input catalog in the magnitude range 11.3 〈 Imag 〈 16.3 and Bmag available from PPMXL. The stars are selected to satisfy the requirements of the fiber positioning system and have a uniform distribution in the I vs. B - I color-magnitude diagram. Our final input catalog consists of 12 000 objects on each of eight plates that are observable during the winter observing season from the Xinglong Station of the National Astronomical Observatory of China.

关键词： disk: Milky Way - stars: spectroscopy -- survey: pilot

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The first data release(DR1) of the LAMOST regular survey

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2015年第8期15卷 1095-1124页

作者： A-Li Luo Yong-Heng Zhao Gang Zhao Li-Cai Deng Xiao-Wei Liu Yi-Peng Jing Gang Wang Hao-Tong Zhang Jian-Rong Shi Xiang-Qun Cui Yao-Quan Chu Guo-Ping Li Zhong-Rui Bai Yue Wu Yan Cai Shu-Yun Cao Zi-Huang Cao Jeffrey L.Carlin Hai-Yuan Chen Jian-Jun Chen Kun-Xin Chen Li Chen Xue-Lei Chen Xiao-Yan Chen Ying Chen norbert christlieb Jia-Ru Chu Chen-Zhou Cui Yi-Qiao Dong Bing Du Dong-Wei Fan Lei Feng Jian-Ning Fu Peng Gao Xue-Fei Gong Bo-Zhong Gu Yan-Xin Guo Zhan-Wen Han Bo-Liang He Jin-Liang Hou Yong-Hui Hou Wen Hou Hong-Zhuan Hu Ning-Sheng Hu Zhong-Wen Hu Zhi-Ying Huo Lei Jia Fang-Hua Jiang Xiang Jiang Zhi-Bo Jiang Ge Jin Xiao Kong Xu Kong Ya-Juan Lei Ai-Hua Li Chang-Hua Li Guang-Wei Li Hai-Ning Li Jian Li Qi Li Shuang Li Sha-Sha Li Xin-Nan Li Yan Li Yin-Bi Li Ye-Ping Li Yuan Liang Chien-Cheng Lin Chao Liu Gen-Rong Liu Guan-Qun Liu Zhi-Gang Liu Wen-Zhi Lu Yu Luo Yin-Dun Mao Heidi Newberg Ji-Jun Ni Zhao-Xiang Qi Yong-Jun Qi Shi-Yin Shen Huo-Ming Shi Jing Song Yi-Han Song Ding-Qiang Su Hong-Jun Su Zheng-Hong Tang Qing-Sheng Tao Yuan Tian Dan Wang Da-Qi Wang Feng-Fei Wang Guo-Min Wang Hai Wang Hong-Chi Wang Jian Wang Jia-Ning Wang Jian-Ling Wang Jian-Ping Wang Jun-Xian Wang Lei Wang Meng-Xin Wang Shou-Guan Wang Shu-Qing Wang Xia Wang Ya-Nan Wang You Wang Yue-Fei Wang You-Fen Wang Peng Wei Ming-Zhi Wei Hong Wu Ke-Fei Wu Xue-Bing Wu Yu-Zhong Wu Xiao-Zheng Xing Ling-Zhe Xu Xin-Qi Xu Yan Xu Tai-Sheng Yan De-Hua Yang Hai-Feng Yang Hui-Qin Yang Ming Yang Zheng-Qiu Yao Yong Yu Hui Yuan Hai-Bo Yuan Hai-Long Yuan Wei-Min Yuan Chao Zhai En-Peng Zhang Hua-Wei Zhang Jian-Nan Zhang Li-Pin Zhang Wei Zhang Yong Zhang Yan-Xia Zhang Zheng-Chao Zhang Ming Zhao Fang Zhou Xu Zhou Jie Zhu Yong-Tian Zhu Si-Cheng Zou Fang Zuo National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Astronomy Peking University Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Department of Physics Applied Physics and AstronomyRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Earlham CollegeRichmondIN 47374USA Universitt Heidelberg Zentrum für AstronomieLandessternwarteKnigstuhl 1269117 HeidelbergGermany Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of stars, galaxies and QSOs. Objects in both the pilot survey and the first year regular survey are included in the LAMOST DR1. The pilot survey started in October 2011 and ended in June 2012, and the data have been released to the public as the LAMOST Pilot Data Release in August 2012. The regular survey started in September 2012, and completed its first year of operation in June 2013. The LAMOST DR1 includes a total of 1202 plates containing 2 955 336 spectra, of which 1 790 879 spectra have observed signalto-noise ratio（SNR） ≥ 10. All data with SNR ≥ 2 are formally released as LAMOST DR1 under the LAMOST data policy. This data release contains a total of 2 204 696 spectra, of which 1 944 329 are stellar spectra, 12 082 are galaxy spectra and 5017 are quasars. The DR1 not only includes spectra, but also three stellar catalogs with measured parameters： late A,FGK-type stars with high quality spectra（1 061 918 entries）, A-type stars（100 073 entries）, and M-type stars（121 522 entries）. This paper introduces the survey design, the observational and instrumental limitations, data reduction and analysis, and some caveats. A description of the FITS structure of spectral files and parameter catalogs is also provided.

关键词： techniques: spectroscopic survey—data release—catalog

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