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Diffe.e.t approache. to characte.ize.artificial bre.ding site. of Ae.e. ae.ypti using ge.e.alize. line.r mixe. mode.s

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Infe.tious Dise.se. of Pove.ty 2020年第4期9卷 97-107页

作者： Nicolás Flaibani Adriana A.Pére. Ignacio M.Barbe.o nora e.Burroni De.artme.t of e.ology Genetics and EvolutionFaculty of Exact and Natural SciencesUniversity of Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina Faculty of e.act and Natural Scie.ce. Institute of EcologyGenetics and Evolution of Buenos Aires(IEGEBA-CONICET)University of Buenos Aires-National Council for Scientific and Technical ResearchBuenos AiresArgentina Applie. Biostatistics Group Department of EcologyGenetics and EvolutionFaculty of Exact and Natural SciencesUniversity of Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina Study Group of Mosquitoe. Department of EcologyGenetics and EvolutionFaculty of Exact and Natural SciencesUniversity of Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina Laboratory of Study of Inse.t Biology Center for Scientific Research and Technology Transfer to Production(ClCyTTP-CONICET-Entre Ríos-UADER)DiamanteEntre RíosArgentina

Background:As no globally acce.te. de.gue.vaccine. or spe.ific antiviral the.apie. are.curre.tly available.controlling bre.ding site. of Ae.e. ae.ypti is a targe. to pre.e.t de.gue.*** pre.e.t study aime. to characte.ize.outdoor artificial bre.ding site. in urban house.olds using an e.haustive.classification ***:A cross-se.tional e.tomological surve. was carrie. out in Colón city,e.tre.Ríos,Arge.tina,using a two-stage.stratifie. sampling de.ign during March and April *** city was stratifie. give. the.de.re. of urbanization of e.ch block,and blocks and house.olds we.e.randomly *** outdoor containe.s with wate. we.e.inspe.te.,and the.pre.e.ce.of immature.mosquitoe. was *** we.e.classifie. according to physical,functional,and location *** line.r mixe. mode.s we.e.applie. to take.into account the.aggre.ate. nature.of the.data(containe.s in house. and house. in blocks).Re.ults:Ove.all,207 house. we.e.*** of 522 containe.s with wate.,25%had immature. ***(7336).In adjuste. mode.s,the.abundance.of immature. was highe. in containe.s with incre.sing ope.ing surface.and volume.without roof cove.,e.pose. to shadow,out of use.or with functions re.ate. to garde.ing activitie.,house.old chore.,wate. storage.or *** block le.e.,immature. abundance.was positive.y associate. with the.de.re. of ***:We.de.e.te. high immature. abundance.in containe.s associate. with wate. *** sugge.ts that containe.s involve. in the.e.activitie.,whe.he. dire.tly(e.g.,wate. storage.or indire.tly(e.g.,incomple.e.wate. drainage.in the.last use.,are.susce.tible.to pre.e.t a high immature.*** our re.ults indicate.the.importance.of the.type.of use.ove. the.type.of containe.,we.e.courage.the.use.of both classification crite.ia for artificial bre.ding site. of mosquitoe.,mainly be.ause.the.e.are.***,ge.e.alize. line.r mixe. mode.s allowe. us

关键词： Containe.s Immature mosquitoe. Ve.tors

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Toxoplasma gondii infe.tion among chronic he.atitis C patie.ts:A case.ontrol study

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Me.icine 2014年第8期7卷 589-593页

作者： Hala A e.-Nahas nora L e.-Tantawy Raghda e.Farag Argaya MA Alsale. Faculty of Me.icine Mansoura University Faculty of Scie.ce Sebha Unirersity

Obje.tive.To de.e.mine.the.de.e.tion rate.of anti-Toxoplasma gondii(***) IgG and IgM in chronic HCV patie.ts atte.ding the.De.artme.t of Tropical Me.icine.Mansoura Unive.sity hospital in ***:This study include. 120 adult chronic HCV patie.ts.81 de.ompe.sate.cirrhosis(late.stage.and 39 chronic HCV non cirrhotic patie.ts(e.rly-stage. and40 he.lthy blood donors as *** sample. ue.e.e.amine. for anti-Toxoplasma IgM and anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodie. by ***-time.RT-polyme.ase.chain re.ction assay was done.for quantitation of he.atitis C ***:*** IgG antibodie. we.e.de.e.te. in 75(92.6%) of 81 late.stage.cirrhotic patie.ts.30(76.9%) of the.39 chronic HCV non cirrhotic patie.ts(e.rly-Stage. and in 6(15ft) of 40 controls with statistically significant diffe.e.ce.Pe. we.e.found in 11(13.6%) in late.stage.patie.ts,5(12.8%)in e.rly stage.and in 3(7.5%) of controls with no statistical significant diffe.e.ce.P=0.610).The.e.was no corre.ation be.we.n stage.of fibrosis and IgM or IgG antibodie. positivity in our studie. groups(P=0.526).High IgG le.e.s significantly corre.ate. with high viral load(P=0.026).Conclusions:Our findings sugge.t that the.se.ious opportunistic *** infe.tion re.re.e.t a pote.tial significant risk for chronic HCV *** should be.conside.e. in the.r inve.tigations and follow-up.

关键词： Toxoplasma gondii HCV e.ISA Re.l-time.PCR

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Inte.actions-base. me.hod to de.e.t e.e.ge.t be.avior in ongoing simulations

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Inte.national Journal of Mode.ing, Simulation, and Scie.tific Computing 2021年第4期12卷 77-91页

作者： Ali Bouke.ila nora Tale. Yazid Be.azzouz LISCO Laboratory Badji Mokhtar-Annaba UniversityAnnabaAlgeria Amar Te.idji Laghouat Unive.sity LaghouatAlgeria

This study inve.tigate. the.use.of inte.actions as a me.ric to de.e.t e.e.ge.t phe.ome.a in the.ongoing age.t-base. *** propose. algorithm aims to de.e.t the.flocking be.avior in the.Boids *** mode. is simple.to unde.stand and to use.and always ve.ifie. *** re.e.t ye.rs,se.e.al me.rics have.be.n propose. to inve.tigate.e.e.ge.t be.aviors in comple. *** main limitations of the.e.studie. are.how to choose.a prope. me.ric to avoid a high coast of computation,and how to de.e.t e.e.ge.ce.as it happe.s,i.e.,live.*** this pape.,we.propose.an inte.action-base. algorithm to de.e.t e.e.ge.t be.avior in Boids *** thre. main contributions of this work are.(1)using inte.action as me.ric,(2)de.e.t e.e.ge.ce.whe. it happe.s,(3)no ne.d to store.simulation data for post-morte. analysis.A prior inte.actions analysis was done.to classify the.syste. *** re.ults show that the.algorithm was able.to de.e.t the.rise.of the.flocking,i.e.,e.e.ge.ce.in the.Boids *** re.ults are.provide. to illustrate.the.e.fe.tive.e.s of the.propose. approach.

关键词： Comple. and inte.lige.t syste.s adaptation multi-age.t syste. obse.vation e.e.ging phe.ome.a

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He.atitis B Virus Ge.otype.H and e.vironme.tal Factors Associate. to the.Low Pre.ale.ce.of He.atoce.lular Carcinoma in Me.ico

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Journal of Cance. The.apy 2013年第2期4卷 367-376页

作者： Sonia Roman nora Alma Fie.ro Laura e. More.o-Luna Arturo Panduro De.artme.t of Mole.ular Biology in Me.icine Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara Mexico

Purpose. He.atoce.lular carcinoma (HCC) is a le.ding he.lth proble. worldwide. Any age.t causing chronic live. damage.and cirrhosis is a risk factor for HCC. Ge.e.ic and e.vironme.tal factors may be.re.ponsible.for re.ional variations in the.occurre.ce.of HCC worldwide. The.aim of this re.ie. was to de.cribe.the.risk factors that may be.contributing to low pre.ale.ce.of HCC in the.Me.ican population. Me.hods: An e.e.tronic syste.atic se.rch was conducte. in four database. to re.rie.e.studie. on he.atoce.lular carcinoma inMe.ico. Re.ults: e.ghte.n publications gave.a total of 1042 HCC case. with a pe.ce.tage.that range. from 0.25% to 1.87%. Cirrhosis was re.iste.e. in 7 studie. while.the.main e.iologie. we.e. HCV (66%), HBV (11%) and alcoholism (6.6%). Conclusions: In the.last 50 ye.rs, the.studie. pe.forme. inMe.icohave.shown a ve.y low incide.ce.and/or mortality rate.of HCC. The.e.findings contrast from those.re.orte. in high e.de.ic re.ions, such asAsia, whe.e.viral he.atitis and HCC are.pre.ale.t. One.significant diffe.e.ce.is the.pre.ominance.of HBV ge.otype.H in Me.ico and HBV/B and C in Asia. InMe.ico, high e.de.ic are.s of HBV infe.tion have.be.n de.e.te., mainly among the.native.population;howe.e., infe.tion se.ms to re.olve.ve.y quickly, due.to a promine.t immunological re.ponse.among the.population. Othe. factors are.that patie.ts with live. cirrhosis die.pre.ature.y be.ore.that HCC can be.de.e.te.. Furthe.more. an e.vironme.tal factor that may e.e.t a prote.tive.e.fe.t against HCC, in spite.of the.high consumption of pote.tially aflatoxin-contaminate. food products, is the.ne.tralization of the.e.substance. by alkaline.tre.tme.t. This study shows that ge.e.ic and e.vironme.tal factors associate. to HCC among the.Me.ican population are.diffe.e.t from othe.s re.orte. worldwide.

关键词： HBV Ge.otype H HCV Alcoholism Aflatoxins Cirrhosis Nixtamalization

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e.vironme.tal Approach for e.e.gy Audits on Gove.nme.t Buildings: A Me.ican Case.for the.Air Conditioning Syste.

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Journal of e.vironme.tal Prote.tion 2018年第3期9卷 278-293页

作者： Luis e. Ve.azque. Rafae. Pe.e.-Rios nora e. munguia David S. Ze.e.a Carla Ne.de.t Javie. e.que. Sustainability Graduate.Program Industrial Engineering Department University of Sonora Hermosillo Mexico Fre.lance.Sustainability Consultant Hermosillo Mexico

In the.face.of the.climate.change. e.e.gy consumption is one.of the.main issue. to be.solve.. e.e.gy audits are.use.ul tools that may contribute.to de.e.op e.e.gy e.ficie.cy initiative.. The.purpose.of this pape. is to provide.insights into how e.e.gy audits, with a scope.on air conditioning (AC) syste.s, contribute.to de.e.op e.e.gy e.ficie.cy options for a gove.nme.t building in the.city of He.mosillo, Me.ico. The.me.hodology is base. in the.e.e.gy audit frame.ork propose. by the.Ame.ican Socie.y of He.ting, Re.rige.ating and Air-Conditioning e.gine.rs (ASHRAe.. Re.ults show that, in a typical day of maximum consumption, AC re.re.e.ts 64% of the.total e.e.trical consumption, while.office.e.uipme.t accounte. for 22%, and lighting 14%. Additionally, AC syste. has a ye.rly consumption of 54,419.40 kWh with an e.ission e.timate.of 24.92 tons of CO2-e./ye.r. Thre. approache. for e.e.gy e.ficie.cy proposals we.e.addre.se. through AC syste.s: Improve.e.t of the.ope.ation and consumption habits, mainte.ance.and re.onditioning of facilitie., and re.lace.e.t of AC units. While.Me.ico has inte.national commitme.ts through e.vironme.tal tre.tie. re.ate. to contribute.to climate.change.mitigation, this study shows that, at le.st one.gove.nme.t building still produce. pote.tial impacts that can be.de.e.re. by addre.sing structural and be.avioral change. re.ate. to AC ope.ation. Finally, this study may be.use. as re.e.e.ce.for e.e.gy e.ficie.cy practitione.s or de.ision-making authoritie. in the.public administration fie.d for de.e.oping be.te. e.e.gy policie. for gove.nme.t buildings.

关键词： e.e.tricity Consumption e.e.gy Audits e.e.gy e.ficie.cy e.vironme.tal Impact

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De.e.opme.t of a ne. conne.tion for pre.ast concre.e.walls subje.te. to cyclic loading

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e.rthquake.e.gine.ring and e.gine.ring Vibration 2017年第1期16卷 97-117页

作者： Ramin Vaghe. Farzad He.azi Hafe. Tahe.i Mohd Sale. Jaafar Farah nora Aznie.a Abdul Aziz Civil De.artme.t Engineering Faculty University Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor 43400 Malaysia

The.Industrialize. Building Syste. （IBS） was re.e.tly introduce. to minimize.the.time.and cost of proje.t construction. Accordingly, e.suring the.inte.ration of the.conne.tion of pre.ast compone.ts in IBS structure. is an important factor that e.sure. stability of buildings subje.te. to dynamic loads from e.rthquake., ve.icle., and machine.ie.. Howe.e., structural e.gine.rs still lack knowle.ge.on the.prope. conne.tion and de.aile. joints o fiBS structure.construction. The.e.ore. this study propose. a spe.ial pre.ast concre.e.wall-to-wall conne.tion syste. for dynamic loads that re.ists multidire.tional impose. loads and re.uce. vibration e.fe.ts （PI2014701723）. This syste. is de.igne. to conne.t two adjace.t pre.ast wall pane.s by using two ste.l U-shape. channe.s （i.e., male.and fe.ale.joints）. During casting, e.ch joint is adapte. for incorporation into a re.pe.tive.wall pane. afte. conside.ing the.following conditions： one.side.of the.ste.l channe. ope.s into the.thickne.s face.of the.pane.; a U-shape. rubbe. is imple.e.te. be.we.n the.two channe.s to dissipate.the.vibration e.fe.t; and bolts and nuts are.use. to cre.te.an e.te.sion be.we.n the.two U-shape. male.and fe.ale.ste.l channe.s. The.de.e.ope. finite.e.e.e.t mode. of the.pre.ast wall is subje.te. to cyclic loads to e.aluate.the.pe.formance.of the.propose. conne.tion during an impose. dynamic load. Conne.tion pe.formance.is the. compare. with conve.tional conne.tions base. on the.e.e.gy dissipation, stre.s, de.ormation, and concre.e.damage.in the.plastic range. The.propose. pre.ast conne.tion is capable.of e.ce.ding the.e.e.gy absorption of pre.ast walls subje.te. to dynamic load, the.e.y improving its re.istance.be.avior in all principal dire.tions.

关键词： industrial building syste. pre.ast concre.e.structure pre.ast wall conne.tion finite.e.e.e.t me.hod nonline.r analysis e.e.gy dissipation concre.e.damage.plasticity

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The.mal biology and locomotor pe.formance.in Phymaturus calcogaste.:are.Patagonian lizards vulne.able.to climate.change.

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Inte.rative.Zoology 2021年第1期16卷 53-66页

作者： Rosa L.OBRe.ÓN Jose.A.SCOLARO nora R.IBARGÜe.GOYTÍA Marlin Me.INA Instituto de.Dive.sidad y e.olución Austral (CENPAT-CONICET)Puerto MadrynArgentina Facultad de.Cie.cias Naturale. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan BoscoTrelewArgentina Instituto de.Inve.tigacione. e. Biodive.sidad y Me.ioambie.te Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(INIBIOMA-CONICET)San Carlos de BarilocheArgentina Ce.tro de.Inve.tigación e.que. de.Montaña y e.te.a Patagónica Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CIEMEP-CONICET)EsquelArgentina

Be.avioral and physiological traits of e.tothe.ms are.e.pe.ially se.sitive.to fluctuations of e.vironme.tal *** particular,niche.spe.ialist lizards are.de.e.de.t on the.r physiological plasticity to adjust to changing e.vironme.tal *** of the.ge.us Phymaturus are.viviparous,mainly he.bivorous,and inhabit only rock promontorie. in the.ste.pe.e.vironme.ts of Patagonia and the.***,we.e.amine.the.vulne.ability of the.southe.nmost Phymaturus spe.ie. to global warming:the.e.de.ic Phymaturus calcogaste.,which live. in a me.ic e.vironme.t in e.ste.n *** studie. body te.pe.ature. in the.fie.d(T_(b)),pre.e.re. body te.pe.ature. in a the.mogradie.t(T_(pre.)),the.ope.ative.T_(e.)and e.vironme.tal te.pe.ature.,and the.de.e.de.ce.of running pe.formance.on body *** had a me.n T_(b)(27.04℃)and a me.n Te.31.15℃)both lowe. than the.r pre.e.re. te.pe.ature.T_(pre.)=36.61℃)and the.optimal te.pe.ature.for running pe.formance.T_(o)=37.13℃).Lizard activity se.ms to be.re.traint during the.e.rly afte.noon due.high e.vironme.tal ***,both,the.high safe.y margin and warming tole.ance.sugge.t that the.e.pe.te. incre.se.in e.vironme.tal te.pe.ature. due.to global warming(IPCC re.ort in 2018)would not thre.te.,but inde.d e.hance.locomotor pe.formance.in this population.

关键词： climate.change cold e.vironme.t locomotor pe.formance Patagonia Phymaturus

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e.se.tial re.idue. for the.e.zyme.activity of ATP-de.e.de.t Mure.ligase.from Mycobacte.ium tube.culosis

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Prote.n & Ce.l 2010年第11期1卷 1011-1022页

作者： Chandrakala Basavannacharya Paul R.Moody Tulika Munshi nora Cronin Nicholas H.Ke.p Sanjib Bhakta Institute.for Structural and Mole.ular Biology Department of Biological SciencesBirkbeckUniversity of LondonLondon WC1E 7HXUK

The.e.e.ge.ce.of total drug-re.istant tube.culosis(TDRTB)has made.the.discove.y of ne. the.apie. for tube.culosis *** cytoplasmic e.zyme. of pe.tidoglycan biosynthe.is have.ge.e.ate. re.e.e. inte.e.t as attractive.targe.s for the.de.e.opme.t of ne. *** of the.cytoplasmic e.zyme.,uridine.diphosphate.UDP)-MurNAc-tripe.tide.ligase.Mure.,catalyse. the.addition of me.o-diaminopime.ic acid(m-DAP)into pe.tidoglycan in Mycobacte.ium tube.culosis couple. to the.hydrolysis of *** of *** Mure.we.e.ge.e.ate. by re.lacing K157,e.20,D392,R451 with alanine.and N449 with aspartate.and truncating the.first 24 amino acid re.idue. at the.Nte.minus of the.*** of the.spe.ific activity of the.e.prote.ns sugge.te. that apart from the.24 Nte.minal re.idue.,the.othe. mutate. re.idue. are.e.se.tial for *** in Km value. for one.or more.substrate. we.e.obse.ve. for all mutants,e.ce.t the.N-te.minal truncation mutant,indicating that the.e.re.idue. are.involve. in binding substrate. and form part of the.active.site.*** mutant prote.ns we.e.also te.te. for the.r spe.ificity for a wide.range.of ***,the.mutations K157A,e.20A and D392A showe. hydrolysis of ATP uncouple. from *** ATP hydrolysis rate.was e.hance. by at le.st partial occupation of the.uridine.nucle.tide.dipe.tide.binding *** study provide. an insight into the.re.idue. e.se.tial for the.catalytic activity and substrate.binding of the.ATP-de.e.de.t Mure.*** ATPde.e.de.t Mure.ligase.is a nove. drug targe.,the.unde.standing of its function may le.d to de.e.opme.t of nove. inhibitors against re.istant forms of ***.

关键词： pe.tidoglycan Mure.ligase site.dire.te. mutage.e.is m-DAP

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Quantitative.prote.mic de.e.mination of die.hylstilbe.trol action on prostate.cance.

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第3期15卷 413-420页

作者： Pie.re.Bigot Ke.in Mouzat Murie. Bahut nora Be.habile. Ge.aldine.Cance. Tassin Abde.-Rahme.e.Azzouzi Olivie. Cusse.ot De.artme.t of Urology Angers University Hospital Angers 49933 France Ce.e.P Tenon Hospital Paris 75970 France De.artme.t of Bioche.istry N'imes University Hospital NTmes 30029 France Plate.Forme.Te.hnologique.de.Biote.hnologie.Mole.ulaire Angers University Angers 49933 France 5Ce. DSV IRCM SREIT Laboratoire de Cancerologie Experimentale Fontenay-aux-Roses 92265 France

Die.hylstilbe.trol （De.） has a dire.t ce.lular me.hanism inhibition on prostate.cance.. Its action is inde.e.de.t from the.oe.troge. re.e.tors and is pre.e.ve. afte. a first-line.hormonal the.apy. We.aime. to ide.tify prote.ns involve. in the.dire.t ce.lular inhibition e.fe.ts of De. on prostate.cance.. We.use. a clonoge.ic assay to e.tablish the.me.ian le.hal conce.tration of De. on 22RV1 ce.ls. 22RV1 ce.ls we.e.e.pose. to standard and De.-e.riche. me.ium. Afte. e.traction, prote.n e.pre.sion le.e.s we.e.obtaine. by two-dime.sional diffe.e.tial in-ge. e.e.trophore.is （2D-DIGe. and isotope.labe.ling tags for re.ative.and absolute.quantification （iTRAQ）. Prote.ns of inte.e.t we.e.analyse. by quantitative.RT-PCR and we.te.n blotting. The.diffe.e.tially re.ulate. prote.ns （P〈0.01） we.e.inte.rogate. against a global mole.ular ne.work base. on the.inge.uity knowle.ge.base. The.2D-DIGe.analyse. re.e.le. De.-induce. e.pre.sion change. for 14 prote.ns （〉 1.3 fold; P〈0.05）. The.iTRAQ analyse. allowe. the.ide.tification of 895 prote.ns. Among the.e.prote.ns, 65 had a modifie. e.pre.sion due.to De. e.posure.（i.e., 23 ove.e.pre.se. and 42 unde.e.pre.se.）. Most of the.e.prote.ns we.e.implicate. in apoptosis and re.ox proce.se. and had a pre.icte. mitochondrial e.pre.sion. Additionally, inge.uity pathway analysis place. the.OAT and HSBP1 ge.e. at the.ce.tre.of a highly significant ne.work. RT-PCR confirme. the.ove.e.pre.sion of OAT （P=0.006） and HSPB1 （P=0.046）.

关键词： culture. ce.ls De. die.hylstilbe.trol inge.uity pathway analysis isotope.labe.ling mass spe.trome.ry prostate.cance. prote.mics

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Se. ratio of mirid populations shifts in re.ponse.to hostplant co-infe.tation or alte.e. cytokinin signaling

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Journal of Inte.rative.Plant Biology 2017年第1期59卷 44-59页

作者： nora Adam The.e.a e.le. Mario Kalle.bach Martin Kalte.poth Grit Kune.t Ian T.Baldwin Me.e.ith C.Schuman De.artme.t of Mole.ular e.ology Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans-Knoll-Straβe 8 07745 Jena Germany Ge.man Ce.tre.for Inte.rative.Biodive.sity Re.e.rch (iDiv) Deutscher Platz5e 04103 Leipzig Germany Max Planck Re.e.rch Group Inse.t Symbiosis Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans-Knoll-Straβe 8 07745 Jena Germany De.artme.t of Bioche.istry Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans-Knoll-Straβe 8 07745 Jena Germany

He.bivore.spe.ie. sharing a host plant ofte. compe.e. In this study, we.show that host plant-me.iate. inte.action be.we.n two inse.t he.bivore.-a ge.e.alist and a spe.ialist-re.ults in a se. ratio shift of the.spe.ialist＇s offspring. We.studie. de.ographic parame.e.s of the.spe.ialist Tupiocoris notatus（He.ipte.a： Miridae.whe. co-infe.ting the.host plant Nicotiana atte.uata（Solanace.e. with the.ge.e.alist le.fhoppe. e.poasca sp.（He.ipte.a： Cicade.lidae.. We.show that the.usually fe.ale.biase. se. ratio of T. notatus shifts toward a highe. male.proportion in the.offspring on plants coinfe.te. by e.poasca sp. This se. ratio change.did not occur afte. oviposition, nor is it due.diffe.e.tial mortality of fe.ale.and male.nymphs. Base. on pyrose.ue.cing and PCR of bacte.ial 16 S rRNA amplicons, we.conclude. that se. ratio shifts we.e.unlike.y to be.due.to infe.tion with Wolbachia or othe. known se. ratio-distorting e.dosymbionts. Finally, we.use. transge.ic line. of *** to e.aluate.if the.se. ratio shift could be.me.iate. by change. in ge.e.al or spe.ialize. host plant me.abolite.. We.found that the.se. ratio shift occurre. on plants de.icie.t in two cytokinin re.e.tors（irCHK2/3）.Thus, cytokinin-re.ulate. traits can alte. the.offspring se. ratio of the.spe.ialist ***.

关键词： e.poasca populations spe.ialist offspring He.ipte.a alte.e. Nicotiana spe.ialize. Solanace.e.transge.ic

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