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Bariatric surgery induces alterations in effective connectivity between the orbitofrontal cortex and limbic regions in obese patients

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2020年第7期63卷 49-59页

作者： Shijun dUAN Gang JI Guanya LI Yang HU Wenchao ZHANG Jia WANG dardo TOMASI nora d.volkow Yongzhan NIE Guangbin CUI Gene-Jack WANG Yi ZHANG department of Radiology Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases Fourth Military Medical University Center for Brain Imaging School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Laboratory of Neuroimaging National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

Obese subjects show enhanced brain responses in motivation and reward neurocircuitry encompassing sensory and somatic integration-interception, motivation-reward(striatal), emotion, and memory processes, which attenuate frontal region activation during food cues. Bariatric surgery(BS) is the only reliable treatment for morbid obesity. Unfortunately, it is unknown how BS affects neurocircuitry after weight loss. We aimed to examine effects of BS on the basal activity of brain areas involved in reward and motivation processing, emotion, memory, and gut-brain interaction. We combined resting-state fMRI with amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(ALFF) and Granger causality analysis(GCA) to assess interactions between regions within the frontal-mesolimbic circuitry in 16 obese subjects(OB) and 22 normal-weight(NW) *** OB group was studied at baseline and 1 month post BS. Comparisons between OB and NW, and preand post BS showed significant differences in ALFF in areas involved in drive(caudate, orbitofrontal cortex(OFC)), arousal(thalamus), and conditioning/memory(amygdala, hippocampus)(P dR correction). GCA revealed that in the OB group, the OFC had greater connectivity to limbic regions(amygdala,hippocampus, and medial thalamus) and the caudate. Post BS, the connectivity of the OFC to limbic regions decreased, whereas the connectivity from the amygdala and hippocampus to the caudate and thalamus was enhanced, particularly in subjects with lower body mass index(BMI). OFC activation in the OB group was associated with BMI prior to surgery, and changes in OFC post surgery were associated with alterations in BMI. Overall, the functional connectivity of the OFC was significantly decreased. As it is important for salience attribution and connected to limbic brain regions involved with emotional reactivity and conditioning after BS, its significant association with BMI changes indicates the contribution of OFC changes to the improved control of eating behavi

关键词： fMRI Granger causality analysis obesity bariatric surgery frontal-mesolimbic

Ketamine use disorder:preclinical,clinical,and neuroimaging evidence to support proposed mechanisms of actions

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Intelligent Medicine 2022年第2期2卷 61-68页

作者： Leah Vines diana Sotelo Allison Johnson Evan dennis Peter Manza nora d.volkow Gene-Jack Wang Laboratory of Neuroimaging National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNational Institutes of Health10 Center DrRm B2L124BethesdaMarylandUnited States

Ketamine,a noncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate(NMdA)receptor antagonist,has been exclusively used as an anesthetic in medicine and has led to new insights into the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric *** studies have shown that low subanesthetic doses of ketamine produce antidepressant effects for individuals with ***,its use as a treatment for psychiatric disorders has been limited due to its reinforcing effects and high potential for diversion and *** studies have focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ketamine’s antidepressant effects,but a precise mechanism had yet to be *** we review different hypotheses for ketamine’s mechanism of action including the direct inhibition and disinhibition of NMdA receptors,aminomethylphosphonic acid receptors(AMPAR)activation,and heightened activation of monoaminergic *** proposed mechanisms are not mutually exclusive,and their combined influence may exert the observed structural and functional neural *** term use of ketamine induces brain structural,functional impairments,and neurodevelopmental effects in both rodents and *** misuse has increased rapidly in the past 20 years and is one of the most common addictive drugs used in *** proposed mechanisms of action and supporting neuroimaging data allow for the development of tools to identify‘biotypes’of ketamine use disorder(KUd)using machine learning approaches,which could inform intervention and treatment.

关键词： Ketamine Neuroimaging N-methyl-d-aspartate dopamine Serotonin Glutamatergic Gamma-aminobutyric acid

A particle shape-based segmentation method to characterize spray dried materials by X-Ray microtomography

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Particuology 2023年第10期81卷 119-127页

作者： nora Alina Ruprecht Heike Teichmann Reinhard Kohlus University of Hohenheim Institute of Food Science and BiotechnologyDepartment of Process Engineering and Food PowdersGarbenstr.2570599StuttgartGermany

For accurate description of particle structure,single particle properties are required so that the properties of interest can be expressed as distributed parameters.X-Ray microtomography of the powder bed with subsequent particle separation can be used for this *** this paper,a new algorithm for X-Ray microtomography images of spray dried particles was introduced since standard methods tend to fail if the particle size distribution is *** algorithm is based on 2d shape classification and subsequent 3d reconstitution of the particle using only a shape classifier as free *** proposed algorithm was validated *** the algorithm,single particle porosities were obtained,which ranged from 0 to 70%.Prerequisites for the application of the algorithm are that a shape classifier can be set and that the 3d shape is regular.

关键词： Spray drying Particle structure X-Ray microtomography Segmentation algorithm Porosity distribution

dietary analysis of Homonota darwini (Squamata:Gekkonidae) in Northern Patagonia

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Current Zoology 2010年第4期56卷 406-410页

作者： Marcelo E.KUN Carla PIANTONI John d.KRENZ nora R.IBARGüENGOYTíA departamento de Zoología Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche Universidad del Comahue Unidad Postal Universidad del Comahue Smithsonian Institution NHB MRC 163 department of Biological Sciences Minnesota State University departamento de Zoologia Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche Universidad del Comahue Unidad Postal Universidad del Comahue Instituto de Investigación en diversidad y Medio Ambiente (INIBIOMA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)

Our study investigated the diet of the southernmost gecko in the world, Homonota darwini. Fifty-three specimens were captured during spring and summer in four locations in Patagonia, Argentina. The stomach contents of the specimens were identified, and we tbund that prey consisted of six main groups： Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Homoptera and Araneae, and the adults and larvae of moth Lepidoptera. Lepidoptera was the major dietary component. The presence of ants and moths as common prey suggests an ambush feeding strategy. In spring, females consumed more ants than males although no other dietary differences between males and females were evident. We tbund nine geckos with empty stomachs and six parasitized by nematodes. Presence of empty stomachs corroborates previous observations of other nocturnal geckos and non-gecko lizards. Reduced foraging success of nocturnal lizards could be due to difficulty in prey detection due to dim light, reduced or erratic activity of insect prey at night, or shorter activity times of geckos relative to diurnal success. Sex and season were not associated with the incidence of empty stomachs. Principal component analysis showed that four food alternatives correlated with season. The constraint of nocturnality, coupled with low night-time temperatures restricting feeding to only a few hours after sunset, appear to have caused a generality of diet which may limit energy acquisition. We conclude that H. darwini is an arthropod generalist and likely an ambush forager, as are many other nocturnal gekkonids

关键词： Nocturnal lizards diet Gekkonidae Patagonia PCA

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An optimized Parkinson’s disorder identification through evolutionary fast learning network

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2022年第3期15卷 383-400页

作者： Bouslah Ayoub Taleb nora LRI Laboratory Computer Science DepartmentUniversity of BadjiMokhtar AnnabaAnnabaAlgeria Complex System Engineering Laboratory Computer Science DepartmentUniversity of Badji Mokhtar AnnabaAnnabaAlgeria

Purpose-Parkinson’s disease(Pd)is a well-known complex neurodegenerative ***,its identification is based on motor disorders,while the computer estimation of its main symptoms with computational machine learning(ML)has a high exposure which is supported by researches ***,ML approaches required first to refine their parameters and then to work with the best model *** process often requires an expert user to oversee the performance of the ***,an attention is required towards new approaches for better forecasting ***/methodology/approach-To provide an available identification model for Parkinson disease as an auxiliary function for clinicians,the authors suggest a new evolutionary classification *** core of the prediction model is a fast learning network(FLN)optimized by a genetic algorithm(GA).To get a better subset of features and parameters,a new coding architecture is introduced to improve GA for obtaining an optimal FLN ***-The proposed model is intensively evaluated through a series of experiments based on Speech and HandPd benchmark *** very popular wrappers induction models such as support vector machine(SVM),K-nearest neighbors(KNN)have been tested in the same *** results support that the proposed model can achieve the best performances in terms of accuracy and ***/value-A novel efficient Pd detectionmodel is proposed,which is called *** A-W-FLN utilizes FLN as the base classifier;in order to take its higher generalization ability,and identification capability is alsoembedded to discover themost suitable featuremodel in the detection ***,the proposedmethod automatically optimizes the FLN’s architecture to a smaller number of hidden nodes and solid connecting *** helps the network to train on complex Pd datasets with non-linear features and yields superior result.

关键词： Parkinson’s disease(Pd) Fast learning network(FLN) Genetic algorithm(GA) Speech and handwriting patterns Pd identification system

In vitro toxicity of particulate matter emissions from residential pellet combustion

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第5期34卷 215-226页

作者： Estela d.Vicente daniela Figueiredo Catia Goncalves Isabel Lopes Helena Oliveira nora Kovats Teresa Pinheiro Celia A.Alves department of Environment and Planning and CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies University of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal department of Biology and CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies University of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Centre of Natural Environmental Sciences University of PannoniaEgyetem str.108200 VeszpremHungary Instituto de Bioengenharia e Biociencias Departamento de Engenharia e Ciencias NuclearesInstituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de LisboaAv.Rovisco Pais 11049-001 LisboaPortugal

Particulate matter emissions(PM10)from the combustion,in a residential stove,of two com-mercial brands of certified(ENplus A1)pellets,a non-certified brand and laboratory made pellets of acacia were tested for their ability to induce ecotoxic,cytotoxic,and mutagenic re-sponses in unicellular organisms and a human cell *** was evaluated through the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition ***,cytotoxicity was assessed at two time points(24-and 48-hr)through two complementary techniques in order to evaluate the cellular metabolic activity and membrane integrity of human lung epithelial cells *** Ames test using two Salmonella typhimurium strains(TA100 and TA98)was employed to assess the mutagenic potential of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction extracted from the PM10 *** obtained with the bioluminescent bacteria indicated that only particles from the combustion of acacia pellets were *** samples induced im-pairment on the A549 cells metabolic activity,while no significant release of lactate dehy-drogenase was ***10 emissions from acacia pellets were the most cytotoxic,while samples from both certified pellets evoked significant cytotoxicity at lower ***-icity time-dependency was only observed for PM10 from the combustion of acacia pellets and one of the brands of certified *** activity was not detected in both *** murium *** study emphasises the role of the raw material for pellet manu-facturing on the toxicological profile of PM *** raw materials should be deeply investigated before their use in pelletisation and combustion in residential appli-ances.

关键词： Ecotoxicity Cytotoxicity Mutagenicity Fuel quality Pellet combustion PM10 emissions

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Interactions-based method to detect emergent behavior in ongoing simulations

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2021年第4期12卷 77-91页

作者： Ali Boukehila nora Taleb Yazid Benazzouz LISCO Laboratory Badji Mokhtar-Annaba UniversityAnnabaAlgeria Amar Telidji Laghouat University LaghouatAlgeria

This study investigates the use of interactions as a metric to detect emergent phenomena in the ongoing agent-based *** proposed algorithm aims to detect the flocking behavior in the Boids *** model is simple to understand and to use and always verifies *** recent years,several metrics have been proposed to investigate emergent behaviors in complex *** main limitations of these studies are,how to choose a proper metric to avoid a high coast of computation,and how to detect emergence as it happens,i.e.,live *** this paper,we propose an interaction-based algorithm to detect emergent behavior in Boids *** three main contributions of this work are:(1)using interaction as metric,(2)detect emergence when it happens,(3)no need to store simulation data for post-mortem analysis.A prior interactions analysis was done to classify the system *** results show that the algorithm was able to detect the rise of the flocking,i.e.,emergence in the Boids *** results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

关键词： Complex and intelligent systems adaptation multi-agent system observation emerging phenomena

Friction and wear performance of polyether ether ketone(PEEK)polymers in three lubrication regimes

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Friction 2024年第4期12卷 670-682页

作者： davide MASSOCCHI nora LECIS Marco LATTUAdA davide SCAGLIA Steven CHATTERTON Paolo PENNACCHI department of Mechanical Engineering Politecnico di MilanoMilan 20156Italy Eni SpA Downstream product R&DLombardia 20097Italy Eurobearings S.R.L. Lombardia 29016Italy

This experimental study investigates the friction and wear of three coatings commonly used in industrial applications,particularly in hydrodynamic *** three materials under investigation were Babbitt,polyether ether ketone(PEEK)reinforced with 15%carbon fibers,and PEEK reinforced with 20%carbon *** first polymer material was extruded,while the other was produced by fused deposition modelling(FdM).The materials were subjected to sliding tests in a pin-on-disc configuration,with a steel ball serving as the counter *** tests were conducted at room temperature,with a load of 10 N and under three different lubrication conditions:dry,grease,and *** linear speed was set at 0.3 m/s for the dry and semi-solid lubrication tests,while for the oil tests,the speed was set at 0.25 m/*** greases used had consistency grades of NGLI 000 and NGLI *** ISO VG 68 circulation oil was used for the oil lubrication ***,thermodynamic analyses were performed under the most severe conditions(i.e.,dry)to investigate the steel-Babbitt and steel-PEEK contact.

关键词： hydrodynamic bearings polyether ether ketone(PEEK)polymers additive manufacturing grease lubrication sliding oil lubrication ball-on-disk tribology

Effect of the Resistance Exercise on Elementary School Students’Physical Fitness

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2019年第2期1卷 184-191页

作者： You Fu Ryan d.Burns nora Constantino Jim Fitzsimmons Peng Zhang School of Community Health Sciences University of NevadaReno1664 N.Virginia StreetRenoNV 89557USA department of Health Kinesiologyand RecreationCollege of HealthUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA Fitness and Recreational Sports University of NevadaReno1664 N.Virginia StreetRenoNV 89557USA department of Physical Education Teacher Education East Stroudsburg University200 Prospect StreetEast StroudsburgPA 18301USA

Background Physical activity programs using components of resistance have the potential to improve health in school *** purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a school-based resistance exercise program on physical fitness in elementary school *** The sample was 256 children(mean age=8.3±2.5 years;119 girls)from kindergarten to 5th *** performed a 10-min resistance exercise 2-3 times in each school *** fitness outcomes were assessed using President’s Physical Fitness Challenge *** were collected at baseline and at a 6-month post-test time point.A 2×2 doubly MANOVA was employed to examine the effect of sex and *** The multivariate model was statistically significant with a main time effect(Wilks’λ=0.19,F=290.9,Pd significant differences between time-points on flex arm hang(P=0.033),shuttle run(Pd 1-mile run/walk times(Pd upper body strength and cardiorespiratory endurance in elementary school aged *** use of resistance exercise intervention during school day can be effectively used to promote physical fitness and ultimately improve the health of children.

关键词： Resistance exercise Children Physical fitness