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HBs antigene prevalence in blood donors and the risk of transfusion of hepatitis b at the central hospital of yaounde, cameroon

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第2期1卷 23-27页

作者： Dominique noah noah Richard Njouom Aimé Bonny P. Pirsou J. Meli M. Biwole Sida 不详

Parenteral transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) during blood transfusion is not insignificant. Although blood transfusion safety has greatly improved over the last 15 years, the transfusion risk of HBV remains high in developing countries. In the context where blood transfusion safety is limited in some hospitals in Cameroon, the development of good and quality practice for blood donation, based on the use of the most sensitive techniques for the detection of infectious risk of blood donation should be a priority of health authorities. The aim of this paper is to document the epidemiology of HBV infection in the population of blood donors and to assess the risk of infection during blood transfusions at the Central Hospital Yaoundé (CHY), Ca- meroon. Methods: During a seven months period, 1000 volunteer donors were recruited prospectively at the blood bank of the CHY. Those included in the study were people aged from 18 years to 55 years without any particular medical history. Data collection was done through an investigation form. Samples were first analysed at the CHY and then Centre Pasteur of Cameroon. Results: Of the 1000 samples tested 108 (10.8%) were positive for HBs Ag. The male and the female sex represented 83.1% and 16.9% respectively. According to the age groups, 56.2% were 18 to 27 years, 30.5% were 28 years to 37 years, 10.4% were 38 years to 47 years and 29% were 48 years to 55 years. The 892 negative sera were analyzed for total anti-HBc antibodies of which 75.78% were positive and 24.56% negative. The 676 samples positive for anti-HBc antibody were retested for HBs Ag using enzyme immunoassay with a confidence level of 95%, between 52 and 82 positive tests were still positive, a proportion that vary between 7.64% and 12.14% (9.89% ± 2.25%). Conclusion: The prevalence rate of 10.8% found in our series is consistent with data in Cameroon. The infectious risk of transmission of HBV among blood donors remains a major problem (9.89% ± 2.25%) related t

关键词： Infectious Risk HBV CHY

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利用真实地震模拟技术解释曲流河点沙坝沉积

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国外油气勘探 1993年第2期 215-218页

作者： J.T.noah 张申

本文介绍了一个以拉勒米河的某一段作样板建立的三维地震模型。这个地震模型的主要目的是分析包裹在低速页岩之中的高速点沙坝砂岩的地震响应,以揭示二维资料的解释陷井以及显示三维资料和非零井源距VSP的优点;其次是要说明:在某些情况... 详细信息

本文介绍了一个以拉勒米河的某一段作样板建立的三维地震模型。这个地震模型的主要目的是分析包裹在低速页岩之中的高速点沙坝砂岩的地震响应,以揭示二维资料的解释陷井以及显示三维资料和非零井源距VSP的优点;其次是要说明:在某些情况下,点砂坝可利用各种地震方法加以检测和开发。模式分为三种类型:二维模型、三维模型和非零并源距VSP模型。建立这一模型的想法最初来自D.C斯旺森的著作《曲流河沉积》(CygnetGroup,1976)。他利用拉勒米河某段的航空照片来说明曲流河道的复杂性,并大致地勾画出了漫滩和一些点沙坝沉积。模拟的点沙坝的最大厚度为40ft,埋深8000ft。本文详细介绍了模

关键词：地震模拟三维解释垂直地震剖面法二维模型三维模型

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Holographic fabrication of octagon graded photonic supercrystal and potential applications in topological photonics

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2020年第1期13卷 12-17页

作者： Oliver SALE Safaa HASSAN noah HURLEY Khadijah ALNASSER Usha PHILIPOSE Hualiang ZHANG Yuankun LIN Department of Physics University of North TexasDentonTX 76203USA ECE Department University of Massachusetts LowellLowellMA 01854USA Department of Electrical Engineering University of North TexasDentonTX 76203USA

Novel optical properties in graded photonic super-crystals can be further explored if new types of graded photonic super-crystals are *** this paper,we report holographic fabrication of graded photonic super-crystal with eight graded lattice clusters surrounding the central non-gradient lattices through pixel-by-pixel phase engineering in a spatial light *** prospect of applications of octagon graded photonic super-crystal in topological photonics is discussed through photonic band gap engineering and coupled ring resonators.

关键词： 2D photonic crystal graded photonic supercrystal holographic fabrication photonic band structure

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Diversity and Distribution of Wild Musa in Nagaland, India

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Open Journal of Forestry 2023年第3期13卷 315-337页

作者： Chitta Ranjan Deb Punatemjen Tiatemsu Thejavitsu noah Vupru Asosii Paul Department of Botany Nagaland University Lumami Nagaland India Department of Botany Fazl Ali College Mokokchung Nagaland India

The state of Nagaland is located in a region known to be a micro-centre of Musa evolution. The prevailing agro-climatic conditions are known to support various members of the genus. This study documents 12 species, which is an ideal representation of the rich diversity of this genus in an area of 16,579 sq. km. The various species were classified using morphological descriptors based on INIBAP, 1996 following the subsequent collection of the live specimen. The various species documented have been found to exist in single populations or in association with other species and their distribution depends on the varying altitudinal profile as well as the agro-climatic and topographical condition of the environment.

关键词： Descriptors Wild Musa Diversity Musa Distribution Nagaland

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Energy Audit of a Brewery—A Case Study of Vitamalt Nig. Plc, Agbara

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Energy and Power Engineering 2012年第3期4卷 137-143页

作者： Olugbenga Olanrewaju noah Albert Imuentinyan Obanor Mohammed Luqman Audu Department of Mechanical Engineering Auchi Polytechnic Benin Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Benin Benin Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria

The efficient use of energy is of prime importance in all sector of the economy. Energy cost is a significant factor in economic activity on par with factors of production like capital, land and labor [1]. The imperative of an energy shortage situation calls for energy conservation measure, which essentially means using less energy for the same level of activity. A comprehensive energy audit of Vitamalt Nigeria Plc, Agbara was carried out using portable thermal and electrical instruments with the objective of studying the present pattern of energy consumption and identifying the possibilities of saving energy in the plant. Collected, was a five year (2000-2004) data on energy consumption of Vitamalt Nig. Plc. The data were evaluated and analyzed to determine the present energy performance level of the firm. A complete energy balance of the factory was carried out to relate energy input, conversion efficiency with production output in order to identify areas of energy wastages/losses and savings that can be achieved. Energy performance parameters such as Energy intensity, Energy productivity and Normalized performance indicator (NPI) were used as a measure of assessing the energy performance of the plant. The NPI calculated over the span of five years gave an average of 1.2 GJ/m2 indicating a FAIR range in energy performance level classification (1.0 - 1.2) while significant savings and improvement in energy usage is achievable. Maximizing efficiency of existing system, optimizing energy input requirement and significant capital investment in procuring new energy conserving equipment must be made for the energy performance level to fall into a good range classification (less than 0.8).

关键词： Efficiency Energy Intensity Energy Productivity Cost of Energy Input

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Rectal bleeding in adults over 20 years: Endoscopic investigations and results in current hospital practices in Yaoundé, Cameroon

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第6期3卷 298-302页

作者： Firmin Ankouane Andoulo Dominique noah noah Roger Djapa Michele Tagni Sartre Elie Claude Ndjitoyap Ndam Kathleen Ngu Blacket CHU Yaounde Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon La Cathédrale Medical Centre Yaounde Cameroon Yaounde Central Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceuticals Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Yaounde General Hospital Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Uni- versity of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon

Introduction: In order to identify the modes of investigation and the results of the assessment of rectal bleeding in the Cameroonian adult, we retrospectively analysed the records of 287 patients aged above 20 years diagnosed with rectal bleeding with the aim to know the prescription patterns according to age, the diagnostic performance of tests and the results. Methodology: Between the 1st of January 2009 and the 30th of June 2010, we examined patients at the University Teaching Hospital and the “La Cathédrale” Medical Centre in Yaounde. Age, sex, endoscopic tests and results were evaluated. Results: 287 protocols met our selection criteria, sex ratio (M/F) 2.4/1, median age 46 years interquartile range [36, 55]. Normal tests were 57 (19.2%). Main lesions: haemorrhoids (42.4% CI95 36.7 -48.3), colorectal cancer (10.8% CI95 7.5 -14.9), anal fissure (8.8% CI95 5.8 -12.6) and colorectal polyps (8.4% CI95 5.5 -12.2). The prevalence of significant lesions (polyps and cancer) recorded 7% for those under age 40. 20.5% in those were between 40?-50 years, and 28.9% for those over 50 years. For anoscopies, 44.4% were under 40 years, 39.3% of cases of sigmoidoscopy affected those between 40 -50 years and colonoscopy affected 54% of those over 50 years. For the diagnostic yield, 26.2% had a significant lesion for flexible sigmoidoscopy and only 16.7% and 1.6% for colonoscopy and anoscopy respectively. Conclusion: The study shows that anoscopy and sigmoidoscopy are the main initial tests conducted in Cameroon in the assessment of rectal bleeding in adults of less than 50 years and they are quite sufficient. Haemorrhoids and colorectal cancer are the main pathologies.

关键词： Rectal Bleeding Colon Polyps Colorectal Cancer Sigmoidoscopy Colonoscopy Cameroon

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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Risky Sexual Behaviors among Patients with Severe Mental Illness in Uganda: A Descriptive Cross Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第2期12卷 203-221页

作者： Caroline Birungi Wilber Ssembajjwe noah Kiwanuka Noeline Nakasujja Eugene Kinyanda Department of Psychiatry Makerere College of Health Sciences Kampala Uganda Mental Health Section MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit/Senior Wellcome Trust Fellowship Entebbe Uganda Statistical and Data Management Section MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit Entebbe Uganda Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Makerere University Kampala Uganda

Background: Persons living with severe mental illness (SMI) which includes schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder and recurrent major depressive disorder are predisposed to risky sexual behavior (RSB). There is a paucity of data on this problem in sub-Saharan Africa and where research has been undertaken, only a limited range of risk factors have been considered and most of it was undertaken before antiretroviral therapy was universally available, hence the need for this study. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with risky sexual behavior among individuals with SMI attending care in central and south western Uganda. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 393 persons with SMI attending two psychiatric out-patient facilities in Uganda. Psychiatric disorder was confirmed using MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview version 7.2. RSB was defined as engaging in at least one of four risky sexual behaviours that have been associated with HIV infection in the Ugandan psychosocial environment in the last three months using an 8 item RSB questionnaire used for assessment of RSB. Prevalence of RSB and associated correlates were determined using multiple logistic regression. Results: The Prevalence of RSB in last 3 months’ periods was 24.2% (95% CI: 20.2% - 28.7%). The factors that were independently significantly associated with RSB were: trauma related (history of childhood trauma, past and current sexual abuse, past and current physical abuse) current psychosocial challenges (mental health stigma) and psychiatric illness factors (history of a past manic episode, current psychotic episode, severity of depressive symptoms and severity of manic symptoms). Conclusions: One quarter of clinic attending respondents with severe mental illness in Uganda practice risky sexual behaviour. Factors associated with risky sexual behaviour fall under the domains of past and present trauma, current psychosocial challenges

关键词： Risky Sexual Behaviour Severe Mental Illness Adults Uganda

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A Malvaceae mystery: A mallow maelstrom of genome multiplications and maybe misleading methods?

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第1期61卷 12-31页

作者： Justin L.Conover Nisa Karimi noah Stenz Cecile Ane Corrinne E.Grover Cynthia Skema Jennifer A.Tate Kirsten Wolff Samuel A.Logan Jonathan F.Wendel David A.Baum Department of Ecology Evolutionand Organismal BiologyIowa State University Department of Botany University of Wisconsin Madison Department of Statistics University of Wisconsin Madison Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania Institute of Fundamental Sciences Massey University School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Wisconsin Institute for Discovery

Previous research suggests that Gossypium has undergone a 5-to 6-fold multiplication following its divergence from Theobroma. However, the number of events, or where they occurred in the Malvaceae phylogeny remains unknown. We analyzed transcriptomic and genomic data from representatives of eight of the nine Malvaceae subfamilies. Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear data placed Dombeya(Dombeyoideae) as sister to the rest of Malvadendrina clade, but the plastid DNA tree strongly supported Durio(Helicteroideae) in this position. Intraspecific Ks plots indicated that all sampled taxa, except Theobroma(Byttnerioideae), Corchorus(Grewioideae), and Dombeya(Dombeyoideae), have experienced whole genome multiplications(WGMs). Quartet analysis suggested WGMs were shared by Malvoideae-Bombacoideae and Sterculioideae-Tilioideae, but did not resolve whether these are shared with each other or Helicteroideae(Durio).Gene tree reconciliation and Bayesian concordance analysis suggested a complex history. Alternative hypotheses are suggested, each involving two independent autotetraploid and one allopolyploid event. They differ in that one entails an allopolyploid origin for the Durio lineage,whereas the other invokes an allopolyploid origin for Malvoideae-Bombacoideae. We highlight the need for more genomic information in the Malvaceae and improved methods to resolve complex evolutionary histories that may include allopolyploidy, incomplete lineage sorting, and variable rates of gene and genome evolution.

关键词： research data

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Prevalence of HBs Antigen, and HCV and HIV Antibodies in a Young Male Population in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第12期5卷 185-190页

作者： Dominique noah noah Firmin Ankouane Andoulo Brice Valery Moussima Essoh Georges Nko’O Ayissi Servais Albert Fiacre Eloumou Bagnaka Magloire Biwole Sida Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Gastroenterology Service of the Yaounde Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department Yaounde University Teaching Hospital (CHU) Yaounde Cameroon Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon

Introduction: According to WHO estimates, 57% of cases of liver cirrhosis and 78% of primary liver carcinoma are caused by a hepatitis B or C virus. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of these diseases and HIV among a young male population, according to region. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from 17 February to 31 March 2014 in the ten administrative regions of Cameroon. The study included male subjects of Cameroonian nationality aged at least 18 and at most 23, and living in the regions concerned. It excluded subjects that did not match the age, gender, and nationality criteria. For each subject, 10 ml of blood was collected in a dry tube. After centrifugation at 3000 RPM for 5 minutes, the serum was collected for the detection of viral infections. For subjects that tested positive, a confirmatory test was conducted. Results: In total, 4367 subjects were selected, with an average age of 20.46 (+/- 1.17) years. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus stood at 13.01% (with 95% CI: 12.03% - 14.05%). That of viral hepatitis C was 0.30% (95% CI: 0.17% - 0.52%). Co-infection with hepatitis B and C viruses was 0.05% (95% CI: 0.01% - 0.18%). The prevalence of HIV infection was 1.01% (95% CI: 0.74% - 1.36%). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of HBsAg in the population of young males is high. It tallies with the early vertical and horizontal modes of transmission that prevail in our environment.

关键词： Hepatitis B Virus Hepatitis C Virus HIV Infection Young Male Population Cameroon

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花园里的居民

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少年科普世界 2018年第4期 2-7页

作者： noah

春天来了，花花草草都换上了色彩华丽的新衣裳。不仅如此，那些在花园中久未露面的居民，天上飞的，草丛中跳跃的，土里爬的，也都纷纷回归或苏醒，

关键词：初等教育科普知识阅读知识课外阅读

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