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Management of Endoscopic Portal Hypertension Lesions in Cirrhotic Patients in a Country with Limited Resources: About 603 Cases in the City of Douala in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第12期13卷 429-438页

作者： Winnie Tatiana Bekolo Nga Aghoani Gilles Machékam-Matanga Olga Antonin Ndjitoyap Agnès Malongue Mathurin Kowo Dominique noah noah Oudou Njoya Firmin Ankouane Andoulo Luma Henry Namme Servais Albert Fiacre Eloumou Bagnaka Department of Internal Medicine the Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine University of Buea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

Introduction: Portal hypertension (HTP) is a morbi-mortality factor in cirrhotic patients. It is responsible for endoscopic lesions and has digestive hemorrhage as the main complication. The objective of the study was to study the management of endoscopic lesions of portal hypertension in a country with limited resources. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional and analytical study conducted in 04 hospitals in the city of Douala, Cameroon, over a period of 08 years from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2022. Included were cirrhotic patients with viral hepatitis with endoscopic lesions of PH. The data collected were sociodemographic, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary. Data analysis was done using SPSS software version 25.0. Logistic regression allowed the search for prognostic factors with a significance threshold of p Results: We included 603 patient records. They were mainly male patients (56.1%) with an average age of 47.6 ± 6.3 years. The Child Pugh score was ranked B in 53.7% of cases. Digestive hemorrhage was the main complication in 66.8% of cases. We had grade 2 esophageal varices in 61.5% of cases. The main treatments were prescription of propanolol (63.3%) and ligation of esophageal varices (53.3%). The average number of ligation sessions was 2.1 ± 1.8 with an interval between sessions of 28 ± 2.8 days. Prevention of rupture of esophageal varices was secondary in 66.5% of cases (n = 452). The rate of hemorrhagic recurrence was 9.3%. Hospital mortality was 15.1%. Recurrence of hemorrhage was associated with PT Conclusion: The management of HTP lesions was based on the prescription of beta-blockers and the ligation of esophageal varices. Factors associated with mortality were hemorrhagic recurrence, low PT and Child Pugh C score.

关键词： Portal Hypertension Cirrhosis Endoscopic Lesions PEC Cameroon

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超音速变形轰炸机

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当代外语研究 2006年第8期 13-14页

作者： noah Shachtman 胡德良邢台学院外语系

机翼一转,五角大楼的下一代轰炸机便由具有远程续飞力的飞行器变为超音速的杀手。

关键词：超音速飞行飞机飞行器机翼五角大楼变形无人驾驶轰炸机亚音速飞行研究计划

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Clinical Aspects and Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy Associated with Cirrhosis in a Cameroonian Population

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第11期9卷 228-238页

作者： Mathurin Pierre Kowo Edgar Kenne Yimagou Firmin Ankouane Andoulo Antonin Wilson Ndjitoyap Ndam Bonaventure Jemea Servais Albert Fiacre Eloumou Bagnaka Patricia Ouamba Guekam Larissa Pessidjo Eric Tchoumi Leuwat Dominique noah noah Oudou Njoya Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Research Laboratory on Viral Hepatitis and Health Communication Yaoundé Cameroon Internal Medicine Unit Yaounde University Teaching Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Gastroenterology Unit Central Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Douala Douala Cameroon

Background: Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE), a common complication of cirrhosis, is associated with a pejorative prognosis. This study aims to describe the clinical presentation, precipitating factors and outcome of HE. Methods: This was a cross-sectional multicenter inpatient study in cirrhotic patients admitted for HE in four tertiary hospitals in Yaoundé (Cameroon) from December 2016 to May 2017. The diagnosis of HE was based on West Haven clinical criteria. The diagnosis of cirrhosis was made using clinical and/or biological, endoscopic and/or ultrasonography signs. Results: A total of 53 patients with HE (mean age: 49.9 ± 18.9 years, 35 Males) were included. The frequency of hospital admission for HE was 4.9%. HE grade III was the most common (37.7%), followed by grades I and II (26.4% and 26.4%, respectively). Grade IV was present in 9.4% of cases. According to the Child-Pugh score, 72.1% of the patients were at stage C and 27.9% at stage B. The main precipitating factors found were: constipation (38.5%), hyponatremia (35.9%), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (31.7%), herbal medicine (28.3%), hypokalemia (25.6%), gastrointestinal bleeding (22.6%) and ascitic fluid infection (spontaneous bacterial peritonitis) (13.8%). In 5.7% of cases, no factor was identified. Mortality rate during hospitalization was 45.3% and was significantly associated with stage III (RR = 11.1;95% CI: 1.9 - 64.5;p = 0.003) and IV (RR = 24;95% CI: 1.6 - 40.9;p = 0.01) of HE;Child-Pugh C score (RR = 15.2;95% CI: 1.7 - 30.1;p = 0.003) and hypokalemia (RR = 12.2;95% CI: 1.3 - 19;p = 0.01). Conclusion: HE is a common complication during cirrhosis with a poor prognosis. In the majority of cases, a precipitating factor could be determined.

关键词： Hepatic Encephalopathy Liver Cirrhosis West Haven Criteria Child-Pugh Cameroon

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The Effect of Mixture of Alpinia Galanga, Eurycoma Longifolia Jack and Syzygium Aromaticum Crude Extract on the Growth of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Escherichia Coli

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Journal of Life Sciences 2014年第5期8卷 399-403页

作者： Nur Jasrina Jaafar Kaswandi Md. Ambia Hing Hiang Lian Rahim Md. noah University Kuala Lumpur Institute of Medical Science Blok Al-1 Jalan TKS 1 Taman Kajang Sentral 43000 Kajang Selangor Darul Ehsan MALAYSIA School of Diagnostic & Applied Health Sciences Faculty of Health Science Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 50300 Jalan Raja Muda Kuala Lumpur MALAYSIA

Alpinia galanga, Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Syzygium aromaticum have been widely used in traditional medicine for decades. Antimicrobial activities for individual crude extract were well established. Crude methanolic extracts of Alpinia galanga, Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Syzygium aromaticum and the combination for all extracts were tested using well diffusion techniques against Saccharomyces cerevisiae （ATCC 9763） and Escherichia coli （ATCC 25922）. The mixed extracts were prepared based on the concentration ratio of 50 μg/μL which are 1：1, 1：1：1 and 1：2：2. Single Syzygium aromaticum extract showed higher inhibition zone on Saccharomyces cerevisiae compared to Escherichia coli. There is reduction in diameter of inhibition zone for single extract and mixture extracts either in combination of two or three extracts tested on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli growth but they are not significant. In conclusion, Syzygium aromaticum showed highest activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. Reduction in diameter of inhibition zone indicated that Alpinia galanga and Eurycoma longifolia Jack extracts had antagonistic effect with Syzygium aromaticum.

关键词： Antifungal antibacterial extract Alpinia galanga Eurycoma longifolia Syzygium aromaticum Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Esherichia coli.

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没有工作的世界

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英语学习 2017年第10期 17-21页

作者： Yuval noah Harari

人工智能的飞速发展正营造出一个全新的世界，一步步改变着人类的生活方式。如果有一天，高科技替我们完成了所有任务，人们不再需要工作，世界将变成怎样？当社会不再需要我们履行职责，

关键词：世界人工智能生活方式履行职责高科技

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日本的文化软实力如何转化成GDP?

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商业周刊（中文版） 2019年第13期 8-9页

作者： noah Smith 王忠(译) 不详

Netflix 刚刚重新发布了有史以来最受欢迎的电视动漫剧集之一《新世纪福音战士》(Neon Genesis Evangelion )。这部于1995 年首映的动漫剧集,结合了反映异化和孤独的阴暗复杂主题,以及机器人大战怪兽这类的火爆动作场面,从而吸引了全球... 详细信息

Netflix 刚刚重新发布了有史以来最受欢迎的电视动漫剧集之一《新世纪福音战士》(Neon Genesis Evangelion )。这部于1995 年首映的动漫剧集,结合了反映异化和孤独的阴暗复杂主题,以及机器人大战怪兽这类的火爆动作场面,从而吸引了全球观众。它让整整一代人认识了曰本动漫,其高超品质、面向成人观众的主题和独特的情感刻画,促使日本文化在全世界被重新定义,取代了富士山、艺伎和茶道这些传统的日本文化代表。

关键词：日本文化文化软实力 GDP 动作场面动漫富士山观众艺伎

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Elaboration and Characterization of a Hybrid Composite Material with Two Particles of the Same Size: Coco Shells and Palm Shells

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Open Journal of Composite Materials 2020年第4期10卷 77-91页

作者： Pierre Marcel Anicet noah Ebanda Fabien Betene Suzie Viviane Obame Beassoum Allasra Martin Christian Bindjeme Ateba Atangana Laboratory of Mechanics ENSET University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Mechanical Engineering ENSET University of Douala Douala Cameroon

This work aims to develop and characterize a hybrid composite material with two particles of the same size. As reinforcing particles, the hulls of palm nuts and coconut are chosen. Hybrid composite material composites in the form of specimens were produced by molding at 10%, 20% and 30% mass fractions in various sizes (0.63 mm, 1.25 mm and 2.5 mm). The samples were physically characterized (water absorption rate, moisture content, actual, theoretical and apparent density) and mechanical in 3-point flexion. The main results are: the highest and minimum water absorption rate are respectively 3.57% and 0.67% for respectively particle sizes 1.25 mm (sample P10C30) and 0.67% in the size of 0.63 mm (sample P10C10). The moisture content varies from 0.64 to 7.14% respectively for the P20C20 (2.5 mm) and P10C30 (2.5 mm) samples. The maximum and minimum real density are 1340,518 Kg/m3 and 1055.981 Kg/m3, for respectively the composites of particles sizes 1.25 mm (P20C10) and 0.63

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Evaluation of Non-Invasive Markers of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in a Sub-Saharan African Setting: Transient Elastography versus APRI, FIB4, GTT/Platelet Scores

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第6期13卷 209-224页

作者： Servais Albert Fiacre Bagnaka Eloumou Tatiana Winnie Bekolo Nga Antonin Ndjitoyap Ndam Gael Gilles Aghoagni Gouajio Guy Roger Nsenga Djapa Cynthia Kila Shang Agnes Malongue Dominique noah noah Firmin Ankouane Andoulo Christian Tzeuton Henry Namme Luma Faculty of Medecine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine Gynecologic and Pediatric Hospital of Douala Douala Cameroon Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Background: Non-invasive markers which use routine laboratory tests are less expensive and highly needed to assess and stage liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients in Sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed at evaluating liver fibrosis, using the Aspartate aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), Fibrosis Index Based on 4 factors (FIB4), and Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to Platelet Ratio (GPR) in chronic hepatitis B patients with transient elastography as the reference so as to choose an alternative to transient elastography. Method: We carried out a cross-sectional study using the records of patients who attended the Douala General Hospital and Marie O Polyclinic Douala from 2012 to 2017. Non-invasive tests were compared with Transient Elastography. The Spearman coefficient was used to determine correlation. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values and negative predictive values were used to get the optimal cut-off values. The diagnostic accuracy was estimated by calculating the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC). P Results: Of the 243 patient records studied, the median age or interquartile range (IQR) was 35 (29 - 42) years with a male predominance of 73.7%. More than 60% of the study population had normal transaminases. Significant fibrosis was found in 88 (36.2%) patients and 32 (13.7%) patients had cirrhosis. APRI had the best cut-off values and highest area under the ROC Curve, for significant fibrosis and cirrhosis with 0.55 (0.823 95% CI [0.769 - 0.869], P Conclusion: APRI, had the best diagnostic properties to detect liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with Chronic Hepatitis B in Douala. The cut-off values are 0.55 and 0.65 for significant fibrosis and cirrhosis respectively.

关键词： Chronic Hepatitis B Liver Fibrosis Non-Invasive Tests Cross Sectional Douala

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Production of Neural Progenitors from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Stem Cell Discovery 2016年第1期6卷 1-12页

作者： Maeda Mohammad Nahi Yaseen Ahmad Al-Joubory Rafal Abdullah noah Mahmood Aesar A. Ahmed Ahmed Al-Shammari Experimental Therapy Department Iraqi Center of Cancer and Medical Genetic Research Al-Mustansiriyah University Baghdad Iraq Neuroscience Hospital Baghdad Iraq

In the brain, there are hundreds of types of specialized neurons and to generate one type of them we need to have neural progenitors for differentiation to specific neuron type. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are easily isolated, cultured, manipulated ex vivo, showing great potential for therapeutic applications. The adult MSCs have the potential to produce progeny that differentiate into a variety of cell types such as neurons. This fact suggests that MSCs derived neurons are an important cell type and a deep understanding of the molecular characteristics of it would significantly enhance the advancement of cell therapy for neurological disorders. Therefore, in this study, we isolated, identified, and studied neural progenitors by measuring expression levels through neurogenesis pathway of three neural differentiation markers nestin (NES), neurofilament (NF-L), and microtubule association protein (MAP-2) from mouse bone marrow MSCs (mouse bmMSCs) by using butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and diethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as neural inducers agents. The results of immunocytochemistry and Real Time-PCR showed that in contrast to MSCs, neural differentiated cells showed neural progenitor pattern by showing stable increase in NES gene expression through differentiation process with increasing the protein expression through different exposures times, while NF-L gene and protein expression start to increased after 48 h but not replaced the NES expression completely even when its expression passed NES levels. The maturation marker Map-2 expression was low during the duration of differentiation period in protein and gene expression, which prove that these cells are still progenitors and can be redirected into specific type of neurons by further treatments.

关键词： BHA Nestin Neural Progenitors Cells MSCs MAP-2

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侗族萨崇拜研究——以“接萨”祭祀活动为中心

侗族萨崇拜研究——以“接萨”祭祀活动为中心

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作者：雷瀚杰（noah Krieg）湖南大学

学位级别：硕士

本论文主要以居于湖南、广西、贵州三省交界处的侗族民间信仰萨崇拜为研究对象,具体探索迎侗族至高无上的萨神从神山回侗寨的“接萨”祭祀仪式。本文内容包括对侗族人民和萨岁之间的关系多方面的探讨,同时表明接萨仪式从历史记载、社会... 详细信息

本论文主要以居于湖南、广西、贵州三省交界处的侗族民间信仰萨崇拜为研究对象,具体探索迎侗族至高无上的萨神从神山回侗寨的“接萨”祭祀仪式。本文内容包括对侗族人民和萨岁之间的关系多方面的探讨,同时表明接萨仪式从历史记载、社会道德、祭祀含义等方面的重要性。文本详细表述接萨祭祀仪式中各个仪规及其象征含义。

关键词：侗族萨崇拜接萨民间信仰

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