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The Nigeria Government Engagement with the Private Health Sector

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第5期14卷 235-248页

作者： Nathan Ukuoghene Ikimi Adaeze nneka Anosike Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery Department State House Medical Center Abuja FCT Nigeria Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery Department Child Dental Unit National Hospital Abuja FCT Nigeria

In Nigeria, the healthcare sector is divided into primary health which is under the local government’s authority that oversees the Primary Health centers, secondary health which is under the supervision of the State Ministry of Health in charge of the State General Hospitals that cater to primary and secondary healthcare. Tertiary health is supervised by the Federal Ministry of Health that oversees the Federal Medical Centres, the Teaching Hospitals, and Specialist Training Centres. Not to be excluded from Nigeria’s healthcare system are the private clinics and the public-private partnership. The funding for healthcare systems is mainly budgetary allocations from the government. This systemic review was done using secondary literature, policy documents, peer-reviewed literature, and national newspapers, collected using search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Medline. The review was done over 2-month period from February-April 2024. The literature was arranged in order of relevance and the literature not used was kept aside. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended that 11% of a country’s budget be allocated to health. African countries that make up the African Union (AU) recommended that 15% of each member African country’s yearly budget should be committed to providing healthcare services to her citizens. Unfortunately, Nigeria has yet to attain either the WHO target or the AU target while committing an average, of 6% of her budgetary allocation to health. On the other hand, her neighbouring West African country Ghana, has met the average of 15% recommended by AU. The improved National Health Insurance Authority and the government’s partnership with the private health sector in Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is hoped and would improve access to affordable healthcare in general and oral healthcare in particular.

关键词： Health-Funding Oral Healthcare Public-Private Partnership

Phytoremediation Strategies for Heavy Metal Contamination: A Review on Sustainable Approach for Environmental Restoration

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第4期15卷 450-474页

作者： Mariam Salifu Matthew Abu John Murtala Abubakar Ibukunoluwa Abimbola Bankole nneka Damola Ajayi Olawumi Amusan Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi Olemiss MS USA Department of Biochemistry Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria Department of Plant Pathology North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA Directorate of Research and Development Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology (NILEST) Zaria Nigeria Department of Chemistry University of Akron Akron OH USA

Current globalization trends and important breakthroughs globally need a complete study of heavy metal contamination, its causes, its impacts on human and environmental health, and different remediation strategies. Heavy metal pollution is mostly produced by urbanization and industry, which threatens ecosystems and human health. Herein, we discuss a sustainable environmental restoration strategy employing phytoremediation for heavy metal pollution, the carcinogenic, mutagenic, and cytotoxic effects of heavy metals such as cadmium, copper, mercury, selenium, zinc, arsenic, chromium, lead, nickel, and silver, which may be fatal. Phytoremediation, which was prioritized, uses plants to remove, accumulate, and depollute pollutants. This eco-friendly method may safely collect, accumulate, and detoxify toxins using plants, making it popular. This study covers phytostabilization, phytodegradation, rhizodegradation, phytoextraction, phytovolatilization, and rhizofiltration. A phytoremediation process’s efficiency in varied environmental circumstances depends on these components’ complex interplay. This paper also introduces developing phytoremediation approaches including microbe-assisted, chemical-assisted, and organic or bio-char use. These advancements attempt to overcome conventional phytoremediation’s limitations, such as limited suitable plant species, location problems, and sluggish remediation. Current research includes machine learning techniques and computer modeling, biostimulation, genetic engineering, bioaugmentation, and hybrid remediation. These front-line solutions show that phytoremediation research is developing towards transdisciplinary efficiency enhancement. We acknowledge phytoremediation’s promise but also its drawbacks, such as site-specific variables, biomass buildup, and sluggish remediation, as well as ongoing research to address them. In conclusion, heavy metal pollution threatens the ecology and public health and must be reduced. Phytoremediation

关键词： Phytoremediation Heavy-Metal Contamination Sustainability Restoration

The Impact of Lifestyle Factors on Migraine Frequency and Severity in Neurology

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第7期12卷 301-313页

作者： Oluwatosin B. Iyun Okelue Edwards Okobi nneka P. Sams Eleni Asfaw Kebede Oboatarhe Blessing Ezie Department of Public Health and Family Medicine University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa Larkin Community Hospital PSC Miami FL USA College of Health Sciences & Public Policy Walden University Minneapolis MN USA College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Family Medicine University of Benin Benin City Nigeria

Objective: This systematic review examines the impact of lifestyle factors on migraine frequency and severity through a comprehensive analysis of lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, sleep patterns, stress, mental health, and environmental influences. Methods: We thoroughly searched Google Scholar, PUBMED, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using keywords related to migraines and lifestyle factors. Keywords incorporated the Boolean operator “and” to narrow search results. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we identified, screened, and evaluated studies for inclusion, resulting in nine studies meeting the eligibility criteria. Results: A total of 4917 records were initially identified from Scopus (2786), PubMed (854), and Web of Science (1277). Following deduplication, 3657 records underwent title screening, with 382 additionally screened by abstract. Ultimately, 88 full-text articles were assessed, resulting in 9 studies meeting eligibility for qualitative synthesis: 7 prospective and 2 retrospective studies. Our findings highlight the multifaceted role of lifestyle factors in migraine pathophysiology and management. Dietary habits, such as high-calorie, high-fat, and gluten-containing diets were linked to migraine triggers. Moderate physical activity showed beneficial effects on migraine management, while intense exercise could exacerbate symptoms. Poor sleep hygiene and insomnia were strongly associated with increased migraine frequency and severity. Chronic stress and poor mental health significantly contributed to migraine exacerbation, with stress management techniques proving beneficial. Environmental factors, including light, sound, weather changes, and allergens, were also identified as significant migraine triggers. Conclusions: Personalized lifestyle modifications, tailored to individual patient profiles, are crucial in managing migraines. Evidence-based recommendations include balanced diets, moderate physical activity, improved sleep hygien

关键词： Migraine Lifestyle Factors Diet Physical Activity Sleep Patterns Stress Mental Health Environmental Factors Neurology

The Nigeria Government Engagement with the Private Health Sector

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Application of Machine Learning for Flood Prediction and Evaluation in Southern Nigeria

Open Journal of Stomatology（口腔学期刊） 2024年第5期 235页

作者： Nathan Ukuoghene Ikimi Adaeze nneka Anosike

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 299-316页

作者： Emeka Bright Ogbuene Chukwumeuche Ambrose Eze Obianuju Getrude Aloh Andrew Monday Oroke Damian Onuora Udegbunam Josiah Chukwuemeka Ogbuka Fred Emeka Achoru Vivian Amarachi Ozorme Obianuju Anwara Ikechukwu Chukwunonyelum Anthonia nneka Nebo Obiageli Jacinta Okolo Centre for Environmental Management and Control (CEMAC) University of Nigeria Enugu Nigeria Department of Geography Enugu State University of Science and Technology ESUT Enugu Nigeria School of Civil Engineering Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK

This study explored the application of machine learning techniques for flood prediction and analysis in southern Nigeria. Machine learning is an artificial intelligence technique that uses computer-based instructions to analyze and transform data into useful information to enable systems to make predictions. Traditional methods of flood prediction and analysis often fall short of providing accurate and timely information for effective disaster management. More so, numerical forecasting of flood disasters in the 19th century is not very accurate due to its inability to simplify complex atmospheric dynamics into simple equations. Here, we used Machine learning (ML) techniques including Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), Naïve Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Neural Networks (NN) to model the complex physical processes that cause floods. The dataset contains 59 cases with the goal feature “Event-Type”, including 39 cases of floods and 20 cases of flood/rainstorms. Based on comparison of assessment metrics from models created using historical records, the result shows that NB performed better than all other techniques, followed by RF. The developed model can be used to predict the frequency of flood incidents. The majority of flood scenarios demonstrate that the event poses a significant risk to people’s lives. Therefore, each of the emergency response elements requires adequate knowledge of the flood incidences, continuous early warning service and accurate prediction model. This study can expand knowledge and research on flood predictive modeling in vulnerable areas to inform effective and sustainable contingency planning, policy, and management actions on flood disaster incidents, especially in other technologically underdeveloped settings.

关键词： Machine Learning Flood Prediction Evaluation Southern Nigeria

Remedial ability of maize(Zea-Mays)on lead contamination under potted condition and non-potted field soil condition

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2020年第1期5卷 51-59页

作者： Uche Jenice Chiwetalu Constantine Crowner Mbajiorgu nneka Juliana Ogbuagu Agricultural and Bio-resources Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringEnugu State University of Science and TechnologyEnuguNigeria Agricultural and Bioresource Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nigeria NsukkaEnugu StateNigeria

This study presents the remedial ability of maize on lead(Pb)contaminated *** samples were collected randomly from the site and subjected to physico-chemical tests before *** samples were contaminated artificially at six different concentration levels of lead nitrate(Pb(NO_(3))_(2)).Experimental design was 4-factorial combination(6×6×2×1).The study duration was 10 weeks,and during this period,Pb contents of the soil were analyzed in intervals of two *** physico-chemical properties of the soil showed that the soil was loamy with pH 6.82,electrical conductivity 1.62 dS/m and adequate macro nutrient *** av-erage percentage removal of Pb from the soil was 2.25%and 3.67%for potted and non-potted experiments,***,the average percentage of Pb in the roots was 1.10%and 1.68%for potted and non-potted experiments,*** result of this study indicated that extraction of Pb by the plant system increased with the increase of lead concentration in the soil as well as in the extent of vegetation attained by the *** also clearly showed that the non-potted experiments demonstrated greater influence on removal of Pb from the soil system than the potted experiments.

关键词： Soil Lead Contamination Remediation maize Potted Non-potted

Phytoremediation Strategies for Heavy Metal Contamination: A Review on Sustainable Approach for Environmental Restoration

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Geoelectrical Investigation of Groundwater Potentials of Northern Paiko,Niger State,North Central Nigeria

Journal of Environmental Protection（环境保护） 2024年第4期 450页

作者： Mariam Salifu Matthew Abu John Murtala Abubakar Ibukunoluwa Abimbola Bankole nneka Damola Ajayi Olawumi Amusan

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第1期28卷 103-112页

作者： Usman D.Alhassan Daniel Nnaemeka Obiora Francisca nneka Okeke Department of Physics Federal University of Technology Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nigeria

Vertical electrical sounding（VES） was carried out in northern part of Paiko, North Central Nigeria, using Abem terrameter model SAS 4000 to determine the subsurface layer parameters（resistivities, depths and thickness） employed in delineating the groundwater potential of the area. A total of six transverses with ten VES stations along each traverse, at intervals of 50 m were investigated. It has a maximum current electrode separation（AB/2） of 100 m. Three to four distinct geoelectric layers were observed, namely, the top layer, the weathered layer, the fractured/fresh layer, and the fresh basement layer. The observed frequencies in curve types include 21% of H, 4.2% of HA, 2.4% of K, 4.2% of A, 1.67% of KH and 3% of HK. Eight VES stations were delineated as ground water potentials of the area, with third and fourth layer resistivities ranging from 191 to 398 ？·m. Depths range from 13.60 to 36.60 m and thickness varies from 9.23 to 30.51 m. A correlation of the borehole log with the VES lithology is in agreement. Viable boreholes for good portable water should be sited at VES stations J8 and J10 having a fine aquifer at a depth of 36.60 and 17.80 m respectively with thickness of 30.51 and 15.07 m, respectively.

关键词： vertical electrical sounding groundwater potential northern Paiko resistivity aquifer,geoelectric layer Abem terrameter.

Bioactive profile of borno brown Vigna unguiculata grains as influenced by pre-harvest synthetic chemicals

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Food Bioscience 2022年第1期45卷 223-231页

作者： Temitope Omolayo Fasuan nneka Nkechi Uchegbu Titilope Modupe Olagunju Oyenike Olubunmi Falola Department of Animal Health and Production Technology Federal College of Animal Health and Production TechnologyIbadanNigeria Department of Food Science and Technology University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-IfeNigeria

This study investigated the impact of pre-harvest synthetic chemical treatments on the post-harvest bioactive contents,pasting,colour,and thermal properties of borno brown ***(L.)Walp *** of borno brown ***(L.)Walp was planted on an already ploughed,harrowed and ridged plot of land with a portion cultivated as organic and another *** 90 days,mature grains were harvested and analyzed using standard *** showed that a total of 44.33 g bioactive compounds/100g grain was present in the organic borno brown *** grains whereas,20.56 g bioactive compounds/100g grain was present in the non-organic(control).The identified bioactive compounds in the organic grains included[heneicosane(4.50g/100g grain)];[12-Methyl-E,E-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol(4.09/100g grain)];[3-(2-Hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)-4(3H)-quinazolinone(7.40 g/100g grain)];[Methaqualone(9.08 g/100g grain)].The non-organic contained[heneicosane(4.07g/100g grain)];[3-(2-Hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)-4(3H)-quinazolinone(5.09 g/100g grain)];[Methaqualone(10.61 g/100g grain)].Flavonoids,alkaloids,total phenolic,2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazl(DPPH)and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power(FRAP)contents of the organic grains were 19 mgRE/100g,3.40 mg/100g,1550 mgGAE/100g,2840μmolTEAC/100g,and 20.08 mmol Fe^(2+)/100g,*** non-organic grains had flavonoids(11.31 mgRE/100g),alkaloids(1.86 mg/100g),total phenolic(1110 mgGAE/100g),DPPH(1779μmolTEAC/100g)and FRAP(12.24 mmol Fe^(2+)/100g).The peak viscosity of 111.52 RVU,final viscosity(141.25 RVU)and pasting temperature(82.01℃)were obtained for the organic grains while non-organic had peak viscosity of 93.10RVU,final viscosity(95.20 RVU)and pasting temperature(80.10℃).The colour parameters L^(*),a^(*),b^(*)and ΔE were 73.10,0.68,14.47 and 12.98 for the organic and 84.25,0.30,21.10,and 0.00,respectively for non-organic *** thermal property showed enthalpy(ΔH)and peak temperature(T_(p))of 3.12 J/g and 78.25℃ f

关键词： Borno brown Vigna unguiculata grains Organic Bioactive compounds Phenolic compound profile Antioxidant activities Pasting property