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Evaluation of Regeneration Stock Alternatives for Optimization of Growth and Survival of Field-Grown Forest Trees

Journal of Life Sciences 2013年第5期7卷 507-516页

作者： Titus Fondo Ambebe Lum Ayeoffe Fontem Balgah Roland Azibo njoya moses tita mogho Department of Botany and Plant Physiology Faculty of Science University ofBuea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University ofBamenda Bamenda Cameroon

Successful reforestation depends on the use of stock material that has a high potential for growth and survival in the environment where it is out-planted. This study is aimed at raising awareness on plant traits that are useful in evaluating the reforestation potential of seedlings and cuttings. The authors reviewed relevant literature on the assessment of quality of seedlings and cuttings and on the comparison of field performance of the two stock types. Results indicated that root-collar diameter, shoot height, root mass, number of first-order lateral roots and shoot-root ratio are morphological parameters whereas root growth potential, water relations, photosynthetic capacity and dormancy status are physiological traits that could be used as a basis for rating and comparing the suitability of seedlings and cuttings for reforestation. There is a discrepancy among studies on the field performance of seedlings and cuttings. It is concluded that a combination of morphological and physiological parameters should be used in evaluating the relative value of cuttings and seedlings. In addition, the age of the parent plant of a cutting should be taken into consideration when comparing the reforestation potential of the two stock alternatives.

关键词： Cutting donor plant age reforestation seedling growth and survival.

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Empirical Evidence of Natural Shocks, Risk Perceptions and Resilience from Cameroon

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第12期2卷 1344-1355页

作者： Roland Azibo Balgah Innocent Ndoh Mbue Gertrud Buchenrieder moses tita mogho njoya Faculty of Sciences University of Bamenda P.O. Box 39 Bamenda Cameroon Post doctoral research fellow P.O. Box 5044 Nkwen Bamenda NWR Cameroon Institute of Agricultural and Nutrition Sciences Martin-Luther-University Halle Wittenberg (IAEW) Halle (Saale) 06099 Germany Faculty of Industrial Engineering University of Douala BP 2701 Douala Cameroon

Invariably, it is the poorest of the poor who are mostly affected by perverse disasters, policies and laws. A major concern in disaster research is to explore the relationship between shock experiences and victims＇ perceptions of risk, as well as their possible effect on victims＇ behavior for resilience and adaptation. We explore this relationship on victimized households of the 1986 Lake Nyos disaster, employing a quasi-experimental design. Matching was done with non-affected households. Both groups affected and non-affected households were of adequate size, and subject to the same questionnaire. Selection of （470） test and matching households was purposely limited to nine of the ten towns accommodating both survivors and non survivors of the examined disaster. A list constructed with traditional rulers in each village allowed for random sampling of non victims for comparative analysis. We then compare households affected by the disaster with those who were not. The results reveal differentiated perceptions of risk and management behavior contingent on whether households experienced the shock or not. However, solidarity and reciprocity remained extremely high and not significantly different amongst both household types, suggesting resilience of endogenous, informal risk response mechanisms to natural shocks. The article concludes that analyzing risk perceptions can help explain why some individuals, households or communities may be resilient to shocks and others not. We argue for a combination of subjective perceptions and objective shock analysis, especially if the analyst hopes to influence policy.

关键词： Natural shocks risk perceptions resilience Lake Nyos Cameroon.

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