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Journal of Thermal Science 2023年第1期32卷 81-92页

作者： LIU Menghua SHI Yixiang cai ningsheng Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Energy and Power EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

This work proposes a novel tubular structure of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)integrated with a built-in packed-bed methanol steam reformer to provide hydrogen for power output.A two-dimensional axisymmetric non-isothermal model was developed in COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 to simulate the performance of a tubular high temperature proton membrane fuel cell and a packed bed methanol *** model considers the coupling multi-physical processes,including methanol reforming reaction,water gas shift reaction,methanol cracking reaction as well as the heat,mass and momentum transport *** sub-model of the tubular packed-bed methanol reformer is validated between 433 K and 493 K with the experimental data reported in the *** sub-model of the high temperature proton exchange fuel cell is validated between 393 K and 433 K with the published *** results show that power output and temperature distribution of the integrated unit depend on methanol flow rates and working *** was suggested that stable power generation performance of 0.14 W/cm_(2)and temperature drop in methanol steam reformer of≤10 K could be achieved by controlling the methanol space-time ratio of≥250 kg·s/mol with working voltage at 0.6 V,even in the absence of an external heat source.

关键词： high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell methanol steam reformer tubular PEMFC hydrogen production Multiphysics modeling

Regeneration behavior of tin oxide sorbent for warm syngas desulfurization

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2018年第4期27卷 1231-1238页

作者： Yi Yang Yixiang Shi ningsheng cai Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Thermal Engineering Tsinghua University

The steam regeneration and SO2 regeneration of tin oxide for warm syngas desulfurization is studied in the temperature range of 400-600 ℃. In the steam regeneration, reversible removal of H2S achieved. Regenerated H2S concentration increased with the increasing regeneration temperature. SnO2 sorbent can achieve a complete regeneration by steam at 500 and 600 ℃. In the 502 regeneration, elemental sulfur was produced by the reaction of SnS and SO2. Raising the regeneration temperature （500-600 ℃） or SO2 concentration （1.5-10 vol%） improved the regeneration rate. Under SO2 regeneration at 500 ℃, SnS2 formed in the sorbent due to the interconversion of tin sulfides. Under steam regeneration or SO2 regeneration, the cyclic breakthrough sulfur capacity of SnO2 sorbent decreased because of the sintering caused by low melting component SnS. A two-stage regeneration process was applied to recover the elemental sulfur which achieved a complete regeneration.

关键词： SnO2 Regeneration Steam SO2 Tin sulfide Sintering

Evaluation of oxygen uncoupling characteristics of oxygen carrier using micro-fluidized bed thermogravimetric analysis

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第4期34卷 408-415页

作者： Lei Liu Zhenshan Li Ye Li ningsheng cai Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Energy and Power EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Oxygen uncoupling characteristics of a natural manganese ore and a perovskitetype oxide CaMn_(0.5)Ti0_(37)5Fe_(0.125)O_(3)were studied by using a microfluidized bed thermogravimetric analysis(MFBTGA)technology which is based on a realtime mass measurement of fluidizing particles inside a bubbling bed *** chemical stability,kinetics of the oxygen release and uptake reactions and fluidization property were investigated and the experimental data measured by MFBTGA were compared with the results in a regular TGA instrument(TGA Q500).The regular TGA Q500 results show the reactivity of both the manganese ore and perovskite oxide are stable for multi cycles,and the oxygen uncoupling capacity of the manganese ore is~1.2%(mass)which is~2 times higher than that of the perovskite ***,the experimental results from the MFBTGA indicated that there is a serious agglomeration for the manganese ore.A very important finding is that the reaction rate of oxygen release and oxygen uptake of the perovskite oxide measured by the MFBTGA are~2 and~4 times faster than that of testedby the TGA *** can conclude that MFBTGA is a very useful tool to measure the reactivity stability and kinetics of oxygen carriers in highthroughput analysis instead of the regular TGA.

关键词： CO_(2)capture Oxygen carrier Oxygen uncoupling Fluidized-bed Thermogravimetric analysis Agglomeration

Thermal Modeling and Management of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Operating with Internally Reformed Methane

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Journal of Thermal Science 2018年第3期27卷 203-212页

作者： WU Yiyang SHI Yixiang cai ningsheng NI Meng Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Building Energy Research Group Department of Building and Real Estate The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

A detailed three-dimensional mechanistic model of a large-scale solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) unit running on partially pre-reformed methane is developed. The model considers the coupling effects of chemical and electrochemical reactions, mass transport, momentum and heat transfer in the SOFC unit. After model validation, parametric simulations are conducted to investigate how the methane pre-reforming ratio affects the transport and electrochemistry of the SOFC unit. It is found that the methane steam reforming reaction has a "smoothing effect", which can achieve more uniform distributions of gas compositions, current density and temperature among the cell plane. In the case of 1500 W/m^2 power density output, adding 20% methane absorbs 50% of internal heat production inside the cell, reduces the maximum temperature difference inside the cell from 70 K to 22 K and reduces the cathode air supply by 75%, compared to the condition of completely pre-reforming of methane. Under specific operating conditions, the pre-reforming ratio of methane has an optimal range for obtaining a good temperature distribution and good cell performance.

关键词： Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Methane Steam Reforming Modelling Smoothing Effect Pre-reforming Percentage

Fabrication and performance of atmospheric plasma sprayed solid oxide fuel cells with liquid antimony anodes

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2021年第3期8卷 360-367页

作者： Yidong Jiang Wenfei Mo Tianyu Cao Yixiang Shi ningsheng cai Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of the Ministry of Education Department of Energy and Power EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

A solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)with a liquid antimony anode(LAA)is a potential energy conversion technology for the use of impurity-containing *** plasma spraying(APS)technology has become a promising LAASOFC preparation method because of its economy and *** this paper,button SOFCs with different cathode materials and ratios of pore former were prepared by the APS method and were operated at 750*** effect of the cathode structure on the electrochemical performance of the LAA-SOFCs was analyzed,and an optimized spraying method for LAA-SOFCs was developed.A tubular LAA-SOFC was prepared using the APS method based on the optimized spraying method,and a peak power of 2.5 W was *** tubular cell was also measured at a constant current of 2 A for 20 h and was fed with a sulfur-containing fuel to demonstrate its impurity resistance and electrode stability.

关键词： Solid oxide fuel cells Liquid antimony anodes Atmospheric plasma spraying Pore former

CO2 residual concentration of potassium-promoted hydrotalcite for deep CO/CO2 purification in H2-rich gas

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2017年第5期26卷 956-964页

作者： Xuancan Zhu Yixiang Shi ningsheng cai Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineer of Ministry of Education Department of Thermal EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Elevated-temperature pressure swing adsorption is a promising technique for producing high purity hydrogen and controlling greenhouse gas emissions. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the CO in H-rich gas could be controlled to trace levels of below 10 ppm by in situ reduction of the COconcentration to less than 100 ppm via the aforementioned process. The COadsorption capacity of potassiumpromoted hydrotalcite at elevated temperatures under different adsorption（mole fraction, working pressure） and desorption（flow rate, desorption time, steam effects） conditions was systematically investigated using a fixed bed reactor. It was found that the COresidual concentration before the breakthrough of COmainly depended on the total amount of purge gas and the COmole fraction in the inlet *** residual COconcentration and uptake achieved for the inlet gas comprising CO（9.7 mL/min） and He（277.6 mL/min） at a working pressure of 3 MPa after 1 h of Ar purging at 300 mL/min were 12.3 ppm and0.341 mmol/g, respectively. Steam purge could greatly improve the cyclic adsorption working capacity, but had no obvious benefit for the recovery of the residual COconcentration compared to purging with an inert gas. The residual COconcentration obtained with the adsorbent could be reduced to 3.2 ppm after 12 h of temperature swing at 450 °C. A new concept based on an adsorption/desorption process, comprising adsorption, steam rinse, depressurization, steam purge, pressurization, and high-temperature steam purge, was proposed for reducing the steam consumption during CO/COpurification.

关键词： Potassium-promoted hydrotalcite Warm gas clean-up Elevated-temperature pressure swing adsorption CO deep purification High purity hydrogen production

Research and Development on PFBC-CC in China and Jiawang Pilot Plant Project

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Journal of Thermal Science 1994年第3期3卷 205-210页

作者： ningsheng cai Mingyao Zhang Dan Li Wenting Fu (Thermal Energy Engineering Research Institute, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China) 1. Thermal Energy Engineering Research Institute Southeast University 210096 Nanjing China

Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion(PFBC) is recognized as an advanced coal-fired technology which can improve efficiency in combined cycle scheme and reduce environmental pollution. Progressive status on PFBC-CC in China is presented in this paper. Test results on a 1 MWt bench scale experimental PFBC facility is reviewed briefly. Based on retrofitting of an old steam power plant located at Jiawang,a project to construct a PFBC-CC pilot plant is under way. Designed capacity of the pilot plant is about 15 MWe, 3 MWe from gas cycle and 12 MWe from steam cycle. The system configuration, main design parameters, estimated technical performance as well as construction schedule of the pilot plant are described. The bright future for PFBC-CC in China is also indicated.

关键词： pressurized fluidized bed combustion combined cycle pilot plant

固体氧化物燃料电池—燃气轮机混合发电系统建模与控制的研究现状与进展

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机械工程学报 2008年第2期44卷 1-7页

作者：包成蔡宁生清华大学热能工程系北京100084

固体氧化物燃料电池—燃气轮机(Solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine,SOFC-GT)的混合发电系统是未来高效、清洁的发电技术之一,混合系统的建模、优化与控制方面的研究对于系统集成和商业化运行具有重要意义。通过论述国内外在SOFC单电池... 详细信息

固体氧化物燃料电池—燃气轮机(Solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine,SOFC-GT)的混合发电系统是未来高效、清洁的发电技术之一,混合系统的建模、优化与控制方面的研究对于系统集成和商业化运行具有重要意义。通过论述国内外在SOFC单电池机理、半经验模型、电池组模型、混合系统模型,以及系统动态模型与分布式发电系统控制等各个层次的研究成果,提出多尺度的自主研发技术路线。发展适合于高燃料利用率和不同燃料组分的单电池机理模型,并简化出更为合理的半经验模型或近似精确解,用于系统级分析;开发具有自主知识产权的部件模型库,进行系统集成设计和匹配优化;遵循V型开发模式,在系统动态特性分析基础上,开发先进的控制算法形成快速控制原型;建立实时控制的硬件在环演示系统,进行SOFC-GT系统的预集成。

关键词：固体氧化物燃料电池混合发电系统多尺度模型库集成与优化多变量控制 V型模式

Low Pressure Catalytic Combustion of Hydrogen on Palladium

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2015年第4期3卷 49-55页

作者： Xi Wang Yixiang Shi ningsheng cai Xiaocheng Lv Wei Yao Key laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Thermal Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China China Academy of Space Technology Zhongguancun Nandajie Beijing China

Exhausts of airship fabric bag in the stratosphere such as hydrogen which can be used for fuels by using catalytic combustion method. This can save the extra fuels used in the power system. Pd/γ- Al2O3 catalyst was prepared in this work by impregnation method and the H2 catalytic combustion reaction kinetic was investigated between the pressure of 3.6 kPa and 101.3 kPa. The effects of temperature, pressure and gas composition ratio were studied in the paper. According to the experiment results, the increase of temperature increases the H2 conversion. The parameter pressure has a positive effect on H2 reaction kinetics and low concentration of H2 in mixtures shows better performance. The dependence of temperature on H2 reaction rate becomes more sensitive in high pressure.

关键词： Airship Hydrogen Catalytic Combustion Impregnation Reaction Kinetic

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管式固体氧化物燃料电池机理模型与性能分析

化工学报 2007年第3期58卷 722-727页

作者：史翊翔李晨蔡宁生清华大学热科学与动力工程教育部重点实验室北京100084

针对Siemens-Westinghouse公司阴极支撑型(AES)管式固体氧化物燃料电池,耦合电极内部离子传导、电子传导、气体扩散、热量传递及电化学反应过程,建立了全面考虑活化极化、欧姆极化与浓差极化损失的管式SOFC横截面方向二维微观机理模型... 详细信息

针对Siemens-Westinghouse公司阴极支撑型(AES)管式固体氧化物燃料电池,耦合电极内部离子传导、电子传导、气体扩散、热量传递及电化学反应过程,建立了全面考虑活化极化、欧姆极化与浓差极化损失的管式SOFC横截面方向二维微观机理模型。模型计算结果与文献中实验数据吻合较好,模拟结果表明电池横截面方向的组分浓度和电流密度的分布与SOFC的运行工况密切相关。连接器的存在和尺寸对电池工作性能均有较强影响。对于所研究的阴极支撑型SOFC,电池性能会受到氧气在多孔阴极中扩散过程的限制,改善多孔电极的微观结构可有效提高电池运行性能。

关键词：管式固体氧化物燃料电池阴极支撑机理模型极化传递