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Synergistic promotion of particulate matter reduction and production performance via adjusting electrochemical reactions in the zinc electrolysis industry

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 23-33页

作者： Zizhen Ma Jingkun Jiang Lei duan Jianguo Deng Fuyuan Xu Zehui Li Linhua Jiang ning duan School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266520China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of the EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Heavy particulate matter (PM) pollution and high energy consumption are the bottlenecks of hydrometallurgy, especially in the electrolysis process. Therefore, an urgent need is to explore PM reduction methods with production performance co-benefits. This study presents three PM reduction methods based on controlling operating parameters, i.e., lowering electrolyte temperature, H2SO4 concentration, and current density of the cathode. The optimized conditions were also investigated using the response surface methodology to balance the PM reduction effect and Zn production. The results showed that lowering electrolyte temperature is the most efficient, with an 89.0% reduction in the PM generation flux (GFPM). Reducing H2SO4 concentration led to the minimum side effects on the current efficiency of Zn deposition (CEZn) or power consumption (PC). With the premise of non-deteriorating CEZn and PC, GFPM can be reduced by 86.3% at the optimal condition (electrolyte temperature = 295 K, H2SO4 = 110 g/L, current density = 373 A/m^(2)). In addition, the reduction mechanism was elucidated by comprehensively analyzing bubble characteristics, electrochemical reactions, and surface tension. Results showed that lower electrolyte temperature inhibited the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and compressed gas volume. Lower H2SO4 concentration inhibited the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and reduced electrolyte surface tension. Lower current density inhibited both OER and HER by decreasing the reaction current. The inhibited gas evolutions reduced the microbubbles’ number and size, thereby reducing GFPM. These results may provide energy-efficient PM reduction methods and theoretical hints of exploring cleaner PM reduction approaches for industrial electrolysis.

关键词： Zinc electrolysis Particulate matter Energy consumption Operating parameters Bubble characteristic Electrochemical reaction

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Direct generation of Zn metal using laser-induced ZnS to eradicate carbon emissions from electrolysis Zn production

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 83-95页

作者： Ying Chen ning duan Linhua Jiang Fuyuan Xu Guangbin Zhu Yao Wang Yong Liu Wen Cheng Yanli Xu State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui University of Science&TechnologyHuainan 232001China

In response to the goal of net-zero emissions proposed by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Chinese government has pledged that carbon emissions will peak by 2030, and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. However, the high carbon energy structure of traditional industries has aggravated environmental problems, such as greenhouse effect and air pollution. The goal of carbon neutrality will be difficult to achieve without the development of disruptive theories and technologies. The electrolytic zinc industry requires high-temperature roasting at ~1000 ℃, generating large amounts of greenhouse gases and SO_(2). High concentrations of sulfuric acid (200 g/L) are subsequently used for electrolysis, and each ton of zinc produced generates 50 kg of anode slime with lead content of up to 16%, as well as 0.35 m3 of wastewater containing zinc and lead. To solve these problems, an optical metallurgy method is proposed in this study. The proposed method uses laser-induced photoreduction to decompose ZnS and reduce metal ions to metal. Results indicate that Zn0 and S8 can be detected on the surface of ZnS at a specific wavelength and laser fluence. The generation mechanism of Zn0 is such that laser induces an electronic transition that breaks ionic bond in ZnS, resulting in its decomposition and photoreduction to Zn0 under an inert argon gas atmosphere. This method does not reduce other metals in the mineral since it does not use high-temperature roasting, providing a new way of producing high-purity metal without greenhouse gas emissions and heavy metal pollution caused by traditional zinc electrolysis.

关键词： Laser metallurgy ZnS Photochemical reduction Zinc

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检测铁离子和肼的双功能荧光探针的合成与应用

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分析化学 2024年第6期52卷 809-827页

作者：端宁丁乐媛邓兵杨绍祥北京工商大学轻工科学技术学院

以6-甲氧基-2-乙酰萘为原料，通过两步反应方法合成了一种新的席夫碱荧光探针DFFH，采用核磁共振氢谱（1H NMR）、碳谱(13C NMR)和高分辨质谱（HRMS）表征其结构，并考察了其光谱性质。在乙醇-水（EtOH-H2O,1:4,V/V）体系中，探针DFFH中... 详细信息

以6-甲氧基-2-乙酰萘为原料，通过两步反应方法合成了一种新的席夫碱荧光探针DFFH，采用核磁共振氢谱（1H NMR）、碳谱(13C NMR)和高分辨质谱（HRMS）表征其结构，并考察了其光谱性质。在乙醇-水（EtOH-H2O,1:4,V/V）体系中，探针DFFH中的4-羟基苯胺部分与Fe3+按摩尔比1:1络合后，在386 nm处的荧光强度明显下降；在二甲基亚砜-水（DMSO-H2O,9:1,V/V,pH=5）体系中，少量肼（N2H4）可诱导探针DFFH酚对氨基苯酚部分的肼解，同时N2H4和探针DFFH中的α,β-不饱和羰基发生环化加成反应，具有比率型荧光识别特性。基于上述原理，实现了对Fe3+和N2H4的灵敏检测。加入Fe3+后，探针DFFH溶液的发光强度略有降低；同时，随着N2H4浓度增大，探针DFFH溶液由无色变为黄棕色，两者检测互不干扰。探针对Fe3+和N2H4具有较好的灵敏度和选择性，检出限（LOD,3σ）分别为34.0 nmol/L和30.0 nmol/L。采用此探针检测不同水样中Fe3+和N2H4的含量，回收率分别在96.5%～102.3%和98.1%～103.0%之间，表明探针DFFH可用于实际水样中Fe3+和N2H4含量的检测。

关键词：双功能荧光探针铁离子肼水样

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NPUAP联合超声技术对早期识别压力性损伤患者的临床价值研究

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生命科学仪器 2024年第2期22卷 4-7页

作者：段凝周文莉怀化市第二人民医院湖南怀化418000

目的探讨NPUAP联合超声技术对早期识别压力性损伤患者的可行性及应用价值。方法选取2022年2月至2023年3月怀化市第二人民医院收治的58例入院时Braden量表评分≤12分患者为研究对象。所以患者入院时(T0)、入院后2周(T2)均在高风险区域皮... 详细信息

目的探讨NPUAP联合超声技术对早期识别压力性损伤患者的可行性及应用价值。方法选取2022年2月至2023年3月怀化市第二人民医院收治的58例入院时Braden量表评分≤12分患者为研究对象。所以患者入院时(T0)、入院后2周(T2)均在高风险区域皮肤或疑似及已具有1处或多处深度未知压力性损伤处,通过视诊、问诊、触诊的传统方法评估其压力性损伤深度及范围,并进行NPUAP分类。对58例患者均进行超声检查后,结合NPUAP分类再次评估损伤范围、深度,对比超声检查前后压力性损伤识别准确率,并采取早期干预措施,评估患者预后情况。结果应用NPUAP联合超声技术早期识别出高风险区域皮肤中压力性损伤共69处,其中1期15处、2期13处、深部组织损伤期36处(其中,疑似压力性损伤区域皮肤处检出15处)、不可分期5处,失禁性皮炎2处。检出高危区域皮肤(外观无异常)异常超声征象11处。传统评估方法识别出压力性损伤共51处,其中,1期21处、2期10例、深部组织损伤期10处、不可分期5处,失禁性皮炎5处。及早采取有效干预措施2周后复评,1期15处全部痊愈,2期12处愈合8处、好转4处,36处深部组织损伤期中15处愈合、17处分期不变但范围缩小,2处进展为3期、3处进展为4期,不可分期5处中经清创后3期2处、4期3处。结论在高风险区域皮肤采用NPUAP联合超声技术可早期有效判断压力性损伤,并明确损伤深度,从而可为临床干预提供指导,并持续改进压力性损伤的护理质量。

关键词：超声技术压力性损伤早期识别

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手持式X射线荧光光谱仪快速测量锌精矿中主次成分

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冶金分析 2024年第8期44卷 11-17页

作者：王垚段宁降林华刘永陈莹徐艳丽同济大学环境科学与工程学院上海200092 污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室上海200092 安徽理工大学材料科学与工程学院安徽淮南232001

目前锌精矿检测方法主要为化学湿法,这些方法制样复杂,操作繁琐,因此寻找一种精确的锌精矿快速检测方法对提高检测效率具有重大意义。本文使用手持式X射线荧光光谱仪对锌精矿中的Zn、S、Fe、Ca和Pb这5种主次成分进行快速检测,样品采用... 详细信息

目前锌精矿检测方法主要为化学湿法,这些方法制样复杂,操作繁琐,因此寻找一种精确的锌精矿快速检测方法对提高检测效率具有重大意义。本文使用手持式X射线荧光光谱仪对锌精矿中的Zn、S、Fe、Ca和Pb这5种主次成分进行快速检测,样品采用研磨和压片等方法制备,设置样品干燥时间梯度以探究含水率的影响。研究发现:含水率越高,各成分测定结果的相对误差(RE)越大,样品中含量较低的Pb元素在含水率最大时相对误差高达39.02%;设置球磨时间梯度以探究粒径的影响,发现粒径的变化对S和Fe的影响最大,当球磨时间为3 h时,它们的相对误差分别可达10.43%和19.68%,并且样品的粒径越小,测量值越准确,确定球磨时间为9 h;然后设置压片时间梯度以探究压片厚度的影响,确定保压时间为60 s的实验条件。按照实验方法对4个锌精矿样品进行测定,Zn、S、Fe、Ca结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)均小于1.5%,含量较低的Pb的RSD也小于3%;以电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)的测定值作为参考值,将实验方法的测定值与参考值进行对比评价,5种元素检测结果的相对误差(RE)均低于10%,能够满足常规分析检测需求。该方法对实现矿物快速检测具有重要的参考价值。

关键词：手持式X射线荧光光谱仪锌精矿含水率颗粒粒径压片制样锌硫铁钙铅

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济宁地区新生儿遗传代谢病串联质谱筛查结果分析

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医学检验与临床 2024年第1期35卷 5-8,14页

作者：段宁宁陈西贵杨池菊周成济宁市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心新生儿疾病筛查中心山东济宁272000

目的:了解济宁地区遗传代谢病的患病率、疾病构成和基因变异类型。方法:采集2022年1月-12月参加新生儿疾病筛查的新生儿足跟血,用串联质谱(tandemmassspectrometry,MS/MS)法检测血中氨基酸、肉碱和琥珀酸丙酮浓度,筛查遗传代谢病。用核... 详细信息

目的:了解济宁地区遗传代谢病的患病率、疾病构成和基因变异类型。方法:采集2022年1月-12月参加新生儿疾病筛查的新生儿足跟血,用串联质谱(tandemmassspectrometry,MS/MS)法检测血中氨基酸、肉碱和琥珀酸丙酮浓度,筛查遗传代谢病。用核酸质谱和二代测序检测突变基因,Sanger测序验证,用百分位数法确定参考值范围。结果:52192例新生儿遗传代谢病MS/MS初次筛查阳性1298例,召回1188例,阳性召回率91.53%(1188/1298)。确诊遗传代谢病32例,阳性预测值2.69%(32/1188),总患病率为1/1631。以氨基酸代谢疾病最常见,占56.25%(18/32),其次为有机酸代谢疾病和脂肪酸氧化代谢疾病,分别占28.13%(9/32)和15.63%(5/32)。常见的突变基因是PAH和MAT1A,有机酸代谢疾病常见的突变基因为MMACHC,脂肪酸氧化代谢疾病常见的突变基因为ACADVL。结论:氨基酸代谢疾病是济宁地区新生儿最常见的遗传代谢病,其常见突变基因为PAH和MAT1A。建立遗传代谢病MS/MS筛查切值,探讨疾病构成及其热点突变基因位点,有助于遗传代谢病的早期诊断和精准治疗。

关键词：遗传代谢病新生儿疾病筛查串联质谱基因分析

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A Non-Contact Original-State Online Real-Time Monitoring Method for Complex Liquids in Industrial Processes

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Engineering 2018年第3期4卷 392-397页

作者： ning duan Linhua Jiang Fuyuan Xu Ge Zhang Center for Heavy Metal Cleaner Production Engineering Technology Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China

Failures are very common during the online real-time monitoring of large quantities of complex liquids in industrial processes, and can result in excessive resource consumption and pollution. In this study, we introduce a monitoring method capable of non-contact original-state online real-time monitoring for strongly coated, high-salinity, and multi-component liquids. The principle of the method is to establish the relationship among the concentration of the target substance in the liquid （C）, the color space coor- dinates of the target substance at different concentrations （L＊, a＊, b＊）, and the maximum absorption wave- length （λmax）; subsequently, the optimum wavelength λT of the liquid is determined by a high-precision scanning-type monitoring system that is used to detect the instantaneous concentration of the target substance in the flowing liquid. Unlike traditional monitoring methods and existing online monitoring methods, the proposed method does not require any pretreatment of the samples （i.e., filtration, dilution, oxidation/reduction, addition of chromogenic agent, constant volume, etc.）, and it is capable of original- state online real-time monitoring. This method is employed at a large electrolytic manganese plant to monitor the Fe3. concentration in the colloidal process of the plant＇s aging liquid （where the concentra- tions of Fe3＋, Mn2＋, and （NH4）2SO4 are 0.5-18 mg.L 1, 35-39 g.L 1, and 90-110 g.L 1, respectively）. The relative error of this monitoring method compared with an off-line laboratory monitoring is less than 2%.

关键词： Complex liquid Original-state monitoring Online real-time Non-contact identification

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Reductive recovery of manganese from low-grade manganese dioxide ore using toxic nitrocellulose acid wastewater as reductant

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2018年第9期25卷 990-999页

作者： Yong-tao Zhang Zhi-gang Dan ning duan Bao-ping Xin School of Petroleum and Environment Engineering Yan'an University School of Materials Science & Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Technology Center for Heavy Metal Cleaner Production Engineering Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

The hydrometallurgical strategy of extracting Mn from low-grade Mn ores has attracted attention for the production of electrolytic manganese metal(EMM). In this work, the reductive dissolution of low-grade Mn O2 ores using toxic nitrocellulose acidic wastewater(NAW) as a reductant was investigated for the first time. Under the optimized conditions of an Mn O2 ore dosage of 100 g·L-1, an ore particle size of-200 mesh, concentrated H2 SO4-to-NAW volume ratio of 0.12, reaction temperature of 90°C, stirring speed at 160 r·min-1, and a contact time of 120 min, the reductive leaching efficiency of Mn and the total organic carbon(TOC) removal efficiency of NAW reached 97.4% and 98.5%, respectively. The residual TOC of 31.6 mg·L-1 did not adversely affect the preparation of EMM. The current process offers a feasible route for the concurrent realization of the reductive leaching of Mn and the treatment of toxic wastewater via a simple one-step process.

关键词： low-grade manganese dioxide ore nitrocellulose acid wastewater sulfuric acid leaching Mn reductive dissolution electrolytic manganese metal

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SO_2 emission cap planning for Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第1期24卷 142-146页

作者： Peng Yi ning duan Fahe Chai Yaxuan Xu Youjiang He State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

The SO 2 emission sources of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone were divided into 556 emissions units according to four different categories,which are city,industry,point sources,and area *** CALPUFF model was used to calculate the contribution of each unit,and consequently obtain an influence-transferring *** ensure that the SO 2 concentrations of 46 cities and counties in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone meet air quality standards,an emission optimization model was developed to calculate optimal emissions of each emission unit under different development *** result showed the optimal emissions of SO 2 by different provinces and *** achieve the target of restricting and optimizing development,corresponding planning programs were developed for every district.

关键词： Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone SO2 emission cap planning optimal distribution.

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Roadway layout for recycling residual coal pillar in room-and-pillar mining of thick coal seam

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第5期25卷 729-734页

作者： Jin Gan Wang Lianguo Zhang Jihua Hu Minjun duan ning State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining & Technology Xuzhou 221008 China School of Mechanics & Civil Engineering China University of Mining & Technology Xuzhou 221666 China

In the context of a room-and-pillar mining gob in Shanxi province in China,this paper numerically investigates the stress distribution and deformation rules of roadway surrounding rocks at various locations of residual coal pillars in room-and-pillar mining gobs using software FLAC3 *** is found that the concentrated stress beneath coal pillars distributes in a shape of ellipse.A reasonable roadway layout is then *** this design,it is indicated that roadways should be designed to avoid the supporting zones of pillars with increasing compression and take into account the roof falling and crushing in the upper *** to the surrounding rock deformation characteristics and mining roadway locations as well as the supporting principles of timely support,rock reinforcing,piecewise management and suiting local conditions,a new asymmetric shield supporting plan is *** field surveying results show that this supporting plan can effectively control the roadway rock deformation,thus guarantee the safe and smooth construction of roadways.

关键词： Room-and-pillar mine Residual coal pillar Repeated mining Roadway layout Asymmetric support

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