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Improving precision of field inventory estimation of aboveground biomass through an alternative view on plot biomass

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第4期7卷 760-769页

作者： Christoph Kleinn Steen Magnussen nils Nölke Paul Magdon Juan GabrielÁlvarez-González Lutz Fehrmann César Pérez-Cruzado Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing Georg-August-Universität Göttingen37077 GöttingenGermany. Canadian Forest Service Natural Resources CanadaVictoriaBC V8Z 1M5Canada. Department of Agroforestry Engineering University of Santiago de CompostelaE-27002 LugoSpain

We contrast a new continuous approach(CA)for estimating plot-level above-ground biomass(AGB)in forest inventories with the current approach of estimating AGB exclusively from the tree-level AGB predicted for each tree in a plot,henceforth called DA(discrete approach).With the CA,the AGB in a forest is modelled as a continuous surface and the AGB estimate for a fixed-area plot is computed as the integral of the AGB surface taken over the plot *** with the CA,the portion of the biomass of in-plot trees that extends across the plot perimeter is ignored while the biomass from trees outside of the plot reaching inside the plot is *** use a sampling simulation with data from a fully mapped two hectare area to illustrate that important differences in plot-level AGB estimates can *** CA-based estimates of mean AGB should be less variable than those derived from the *** realized,this difference translates to a higher precision from field sampling,or a lower required sample *** our case study with a target precision of 5%(*** standard error of the estimated mean AGB),the CA required a 27.1%lower sample size for small plots of 100 m2 and a 10.4%lower sample size for larger plots of 1700 *** examined sampling induced errors only and did not yet consider model *** discuss practical issues in implementing the CA in field inventories and the potential in applications that model biomass with remote sensing *** CA is a variation on a plot design for above-ground forest biomass;as such it can be applied in combination with any forest inventory sampling design.

关键词： Branch biomass Foliage biomass Stem biomass Biomass surface plots Sampling surfaces Standard error of estimation

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Endophytic bacteria associated with halophyte Seidlitzia rosmarinus *** *** saline soil of Uzbekistan and their plant beneficial traits

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第5期12卷 730-740页

作者： Vyacheslav SHURIGIN Dilfuza EGAMBERDIEVA LI Li Kakhramon DAVRANOV Hovik PANOSYAN nils-Kåre BIRKELAND Stephan WIRTH Sonoko D BELLINGRATH-KIMURA Faculty of Biology National University of UzbekistanTashkent 100174Uzbekistan Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research(ZALF) Müncheberg 15374Germany Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan Tashkent 100128Uzbekistan Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and BiotechnologyYerevan State UniversityYerevan 0025Armenia Department of Biological Sciences University of BergenNO-5020 Bergen 7803Norway Faculty of Life Science Humboldt University of BerlinBerlin 14195Germany

Endophytic bacteria of halophytic plants play essential roles in salt stress ***,an understanding of the true nature of plant-microbe interactions under extreme conditions is *** current study aimed to identify cultivable endophytic bacteria associated with the roots and shoots of Seidlitzia rosmarinus *** *** in the salt-affected soil in Uzbekistan and to evaluate their plant beneficial traits related to plant growth stimulation and stress *** were isolated from the roots and the shoots of *** using culture-dependent techniques and identified by the 16S rRNA ***(Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism)analysis was conducted to eliminate similar *** showed that the isolates from the roots of *** belonged to the genera Rothia,Kocuria,Pseudomonas,Staphylococcus,Paenibacillus and *** bacterial isolates from the shoots of *** belonged to the genera Staphylococcus,Rothia,Stenotrophomonas,Brevibacterium,Halomonas,Planococcus,Planomicrobium and Pseudomonas,which differed from those of the ***,Staphylococcus,Rothia and Brevibacterium were detected in both roots and shoots,indicating possible migration of some species from roots to *** root-associated bacteria showed higher levels of IAA(indole-3-acetic acid)synthesis compared with those isolated from the shoots,as well as the higher production of ACC(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate)*** findings suggest that halophytic plants are valuable sources for the selection of microbes with a potential to improve plant fitness under saline soils.

关键词： endophytic bacteria phylogenetic analysis halophyte auxin plant beneficial traits

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Changes in tumor-antigen expression profile as human small-cell lung cancers progress

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2015年第2期12卷 96-105页

作者： Li-Sheng Ge Neil T. Hoa nils Lambrecht Maria Dacosta-Iyer Yi Ouyang Amir Abolhoda Martin R. Jadus Research Service VA Long Beach Healthcare System Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service VA Long Beach Healthcare System Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of California Surgical Health Care Group Veterans Affairs Medical Center Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center UC Irvine School of MedicineUniversity of California

Objective： Our group has previously observed that in patients with small-cell lung cancers （SCLCs）, the expression of a tumor antigen, glioma big potassium （gBK） ion channel, is higher at the time of death than when the cancer is first treated by surgical resection. This study aimed to determine whether this dichotomy was common in other potential lung tumor antigens by examining the same patient samples using our more extensive profile analysis of tumor-antigen precursor protein （TAPP）. We then tested the hypothesis that therapeutic intervention may inadvertently cause this increased gBK production. Methods： SCLC samples （eight surgical resections and three autopsy samples） and three control lungs were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for 42 potential TAPPs that represent potential T-cell-mediated immunological targets. Results： Twenty-two TAPP mRNAs displayed the same profile as gBK, i.e., more mRNAs were expressed at autopsy than in their surgical counterparts. B-cyclin and mouse double minute 2, human homolog of PS3-binding protein were elevated in both autopsy and surgical specimens above the normal-lung controls. When HTB119 cells were incubated with doxorubicin, gBK was strongly induced, as confirmed by intracellular flow cytometry with a gBK-specific antibody. Conclusion： Our findings suggested that more immunological targets became available as the tumor responded to chemotherapy and proceeded toward its terminal stages.

关键词： Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) glioma big potassium (gBK) ion channel tumor antigens immunoprevention real-timepolymerase chain reaction T-lymphocytes

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Asymmetric Special Theory of Relativity

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Journal of Modern Physics 2018年第3期9卷 471-478页

作者： nils H. Abramson Industrial Metrology Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity (SR) relates time dilation to the velocity between the observer and the observed object as if they are identical. Our new theory breaks this symmetry by relating the velocity of the object not directly to the observer, but instead to the center of gravity of object and observer. The reason why such a mass influence has not been reported might be that the mass of the observer in most experiments is much greater than that of the object, for example when earth is observing, satellites or detectors are studying nuclear masses.

关键词： Asymmetry Special Relativity Time Dilation Observers’ Influence Mass Influence Satellite Holodiagram

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Converting Tsunami Wave Heights to Earthquake Magnitudes

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Open Journal of Earthquake Research 2017年第2期6卷 89-97页

作者： nils-Axel Mö rner Paleogeophysics & Geodynamics Stockholm Sweden

There is a fairly strict relation between maximum tsunami wave heights and causation earthquake magnitudes. This provides a new tool for estimating the magnitude of past earthquakes from the observed wave heights of related paleo-tsunami events. The method is subjected to a test versus two paleoseismic events with multiple independent estimates of corresponding earthquake magnitude. The agreement to the tsunami wave height conversion is good, confirming very high magnitudes of M 8.5 - 9.0 and M 8.4 - 8.5. Applying the same method to two Late Holocene events of methane venting tectonics indicates a ground shaking of forces equivalent to a M 8.0 earthquake, seriously changing previous long-term crustal hazard assessments.

关键词： Tsunamis Wave Height Earthquakes Magnitudes Paleo-Tsunamis Methane Venting Tectonics Hazard Assessment

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Rates of Sea Level Changes—A Clarifying Note

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International Journal of Geosciences 2016年第11期7卷 1318-1322页

作者： nils-Axel Mörner Paleogeophysics & Geodynamics Stockholm Sweden

The values of present to future rates in sea level changes vary in an almost chaotic way. In view of the urgent need to handle this question in a constructive way, we must anchor the issue in observational facts, physical laws and long-term scientific experience. Doing so, we can put a solid ultimate frame of any possible rise in sea level in the next centuries: viz. 10.0 mm/yr or 1.0 m per century. If this is the ultimate possible rate, the expected rate in the 21st century must be far less. The author’s proposition is +5 cm ± 15 cm by year 2100.

关键词： Sea Level Changes Ultimate Rise GISP2 Temperature 2100 Prediction

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Relationship between increase rate of human plague in China and global climate index as revealed by cross-spectral and cross-wavelet analyses

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第3期2卷 144-153页

作者： Zhibin ZHANG Zhenqing LI Yi TAO Min CHEN Xinyu WEN Lei XU Huidong TIAN nils Chr.STENSETH State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management on Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Atmosphere College of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis(CEES) Department of BiologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway.

Plague has caused the death of hundreds of millions of people throughout the human *** this disease is again re-emerging and hence is again becoming an increasing threat to human health in several parts of the ***,impacts of global climate variation(*** Nino and Southern Oscillation[ENSO])and global warming on plagues are largely *** cross-spectral analysis and cross-wavelet analysis,we have analyzed the relationship between increase rate of human plague in China during 1871–2003 and the following climate factors(as measured by the Southern Oscillation Index[SOI],Sea Surface Temperature of east Pacific equator[SST]and air Temperature of the Northern Hemisphere[NHT]).We found in the frequency domain that increase rate of human plague was closely associated with SOI and ***-spectral analysis reveals that significant coherencies between increase rate of human plague and ENSO were found over short periods(2–3 years),medium periods(6–7 years)and long periods(11–12 years,30–40 years).Cross-wavelet analysis reveals that increase rate of human plague oscillates in phase with SOI,but in anti-phase with SST over periods of 2–4 years and approximately 8 years(6–10 years).These results indicate that ENSO-driven climate variation may be important for occurrences of human plague in ***,there is a need for a further analysis of the underlying mechanism between human plague in China and ENSO.

关键词： El Nino/Southern Oscillation global climate variation human plague northern hemisphere air tempe rature sea surface temperature southern oscillation index.

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Gallbladder emptying in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第28期15卷 3498-3503页

作者： Karouk Said Nick Edsborg nils Albiin Annika Bergquist Department of Gastroenterologyand Hepatology Karolinska Institute Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge14186 Stockholm Sweden Division of Radiology Karolinska Institute Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge 14186 Stockholm Sweden

AIM： To assess gallbladder emptying and its association with cholecystitis and abdominal pain in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis （PSC）. METHODS： Twenty patients with PSC and ten healthy subjects were investigated. Gallbladder fasting volume, ejection fraction and residual volume after ingestion of a test meal were compared in patients with PSC and healthy controls using magnetic resonance imaging. Symptoms, thickness and contrast enhancement of the gallbladder wall and the presence of cystic duct strictures were also assessed. RESULTS： Median fasting gallbladder volume in patients with PSC [67 （19-348） mL] was twice that in healthy controls [32 （16-55） mL] （P 〈 0.05）. The median postprandial gallbladder volume in patients with PSC was significantly larger than that in healthy controls （P 〈 0.05）. There was no difference in ejection fraction, gallbladder emptying volume or mean thickness of the gallbladder wall between PSC patients and controls. Contrast enhancement of the gallbladder wall in PSC patients was higher than that in controls; （69% ± 32%） and （42% ± 21%）（P 〈 0.05）. No significant association was found between the gallbladder volumes and occurrence of abdominal pain in patients and ***： Patients with PSC have increased fasting gallbladder volume. Gallbladder Mucosal dysfunction secondary to chronic cholecystitis, may be a possible mechanism for increased gallbladder.

关键词： Cholecystitis Ejection fraction Gallbladdervolume Magnetic resonance imaging

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Local synthesis of carbon nanotubes for direct integration in Si microsystems——design considerations

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Advances in Manufacturing 2013年第3期1卷 218-225页

作者： Knut E.Aasmundtveit Bao Quoc Ta Quoc-Huy Nguyen Tormod B.Haugen nils Hoivik Einar Halvorsen IMST-Department of Micro and Nano System Technology HiVe-Vesffold University College

The integration of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes （CNTs） into microsystems is highly desirable, in order to make use of the unique nanomaterial properties in real devices. However, the CNTtomicrosystem integration is challenging to implement in a manufacturable, cost effective industrial process. This paper presents our work towards a process for making complete, integrated CMOS / MEMS systems with integrated CNT. We demonstrate the feasibility of the process, using roomtemperature process ing, lowcost equipment and consumables, and electrical control with automation possibilities. CNTs are directly integrated at the desired positions in the Si microsystem, forming closed Si / CNT / Si circuits. We explore different designs with the aim to obtain uniform and welldefined CNT synthesis conditions, and show that simplified designs can perform comparably to more complex ones. The Si / CNT / Si circuits obtained can show rectifying （Schottky like） or nearohmic behavior. Gas sensing possibilities are demonstrated, indicating the possibility of monitoring aging/ fermenting of food. Functionalization of CNTs is demon strated, using thermal evaporation of Sn and Pd, opening for selective and sensitive sensors for various gases and ana lytes. Detailed microscopic characterization of the obtained CNTs are presented.

关键词： Micro/nano system integration Carbonnanotubes (CNTs) Nanoscale assembly - Gassensors

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Vasarely painting at the nanoscale on sapphire crystals

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Nano Research 2020年第9期13卷 2512-2516页

作者： Caroline Matringe Elsa Thune Rémy Cavalotti Ahmad Fakih Stephan Amaud nils Blanc Nathalie Boudet Alessandro Coati Yves Garreau David Babonneau René Guinebretière IRCER UMR CNRS 7315Centre Europeen de la CeramiqueUniversite de Limoges12 rue Atlantis87068 LimogesFrance Institut Neel UPR CNRS 2940 CRG D2AM BeamlineESRFUniversite Grenoble Alpes38042 GrenobleFrance SixS Beamline Synchrotron SOLEILBP4891192 Gifsur YvetteFrance Laboratoire Materiaux et Phenomenes Quantiques UMR CNRS 7162Universite de Paris75013 ParisFrance Institut Pprime Departement Physique et Mecanique des Materiauxf UPR CNRS 3346Universite de PoitiersSP2MITSA 4112386073 Poitiers Cedex 9France

We demonstrate that convenient thermal treatment of a specific sapphire vicinal surface can induce the formation of a fully two-dimensional(2D)ordered surface made of a periodic assembly of(006)*** simiarity between the resuting surface topography and pattemns represented in the hexagon series"of paintings by Vasarely is really striking!We thus propose to call these surfaces as"nanoscaled Vasarely surfaces".We also show that the self-organization process,which is driven by the minimization of the free energy of a closed system,results in a quasi-linear isothermal growth of the facets'surface area over time.

关键词： nanoscaled Vasarely surfaces two-dimensional(2D)-self-organization sapphire vicinal surfaces

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