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The energy identity of mountainous areas:the example of Greece

Journal of mountain Science 2018年第7期15卷 1429-1445页

作者： nikolas m.katsoulakos Dimitris C.KALIAmPAKOS National Technical University of Athens Metsovion Interdisciplinary Research Center National Technical University of Athens School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering

mountainous areas have been long recognized as particularly important for the planet and sustainable mountain development is a global priority. In order to improve the socioeconomic development perspectives of mountain societies, efficient and well-targeted energy strategies should be formed. An important step towards this direction is adequate understanding of local conditions and specific features that affect energy sector. This procedure allows the inclusion of "locality" in energy planning and so, decentralized energy production is facilitated. The present study attempts to determine the particular energy identity of mountainous areas. Greece, which is the second most mountainous country in the EU, has been selected as a case study. Essential features of the mountainous space have been selected, namely altitude, inclination, remoteness, lack of productive activities, old buildings/vernacular architecture, in order to explore their interrelation with the energy sector. Based on literature review and research findings the interaction between mountainous character and energy is outlined. Therefore, a framework of the characteristics of mountain energy identity is composed, which can provide support to the formation of specialized energy policy for mountainous areas. Some of the main findings of the present study include the significantly increased energy loads of mountainous areas, the abundance of renewable energy potential in high – altitude areas, the vulnerability of mountain societies to energy poverty and the difficulties in sitting energy projects in the restricted usable space of mountains. Since the literature regarding mountains and energy is rather poor the present paper aspires to be a step towards highlighting the importance of energy issues for mountain areas and societies. By determining the features of mountain energy identity energy planning in high – altitude areas and so, helping make energy planning more effective, such research works can be par

关键词： Energy demand Renewable energy potential Energy poverty mountain energy policy mountain energy identity

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Energy poverty in the mountainous town of metsovo,Greece

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Journal of mountain Science 2021年第9期18卷 2240-2254页

作者： Anastasios BALASKAS Lefkothea PAPADA nikolas katsoulakos Dimitris DAmIGOS Dimitris KALIAmPAKOS School of mining and metallurgical Engineering National Technical University of Athens9 Heroon Polytechneiou Str.ZographosAthens 15780Greece metsovion Interdisciplinary Research Center National Technical University of Athens9 Heroon Polytechneiou Str.ZographosAthens 15780Greece

In an attempt to enhance knowledge on the energy poverty phenomenon in mountainous areas,a primary social survey was conducted in a typical mountainous town of Greece,metsovo in the Region of *** survey recorded quantitative data of energy expenses and incomes of households and it also captured qualitative indicators related to energy *** findings showed that nine out of ten households in metsovo are exposed to energy poverty,based on the objective 10%*** subjective indicators revealed other interesting aspects of the *** one-third of the local population live in houses that are inadequately heated and/or present damp *** two-thirds of the local population have been forced to restrict other basic needs,in order to respond to high energy *** the relationships between variables of the survey also revealed some notable *** inadequately heated present statistical significant correlation with the heating system *** inadequately heated houses are also correlated with houses that presented damp-mould problems,as well as households that report arrears in energy ***,reduction in hours of heating system operation is correlated with health *** energy policy in Greece does not include specific strategies for mountainous areas,apart from some differentiations in heating oil *** great extent of energy poverty in mountainous Greece,highlighted by the present representative(with respect to mountainous Greece)study,may have irreversible social ***,a need for specific and effective action is necessary,whose main axes should be an extensive upgrade of buildings’energy efficiency in mountainous settlements and special fuel tariffs for mountainous areas.

关键词： Energy poverty mountainous areas metsovo Social survey Households

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An Overview of the Greek Islands’ Autonomous Electrical Systems: Proposals for a Sustainable Energy Future

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2019年第4期10卷 55-82页

作者： nikolas m. katsoulakos metsovion Interdisciplinary Research Center National Technical University of Athens Athens Greece

Among the Greek islands, 61 are based—currently—on autonomous electrical systems for covering the electrical energy demand and are characterized as Non-Interconnected Islands (NII). The average electricity production cost in the NII is 2.5 times higher than in areas with access to the main, interconnected electricity grid (IEG) of Greece. In this paper, an analytic overview of the autonomous electricity systems of Greek islands is provided, focusing on electricity consumption and production, as well as on the relative costs. For investigating possibilities for improving the situation, especially in small, remote islands, simulations for the energy system of Astypalea are conducted. It is proved that further use of renewables in combination with energy storage can lower the current, high energy costs. Expansion of the IEG is not economically viable for islands which are far away from the mainland and their peak loads are less than 10 ΜW.

关键词： Greek Islands Autonomous Energy Systems High Energy Costs Energy Optimization Astypalea

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The Electricity market Structure in Greece and the Paradox of Renewable Energy Sources

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2019年第4期7卷 1-26页

作者： Ilias G. Doulos nikolas m. katsoulakos Dimitris C. Kaliampakos metsovion Interdisciplinary Research Center National Technical University of Athens Greece School of mining and metallurgical Engineering National Technical University of Athens Athens Greece

The European Union, in an effort to boost the use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in power generation, applies supportive tools consisting in financial motivation either as grants or as subsidies. According to welfare economics, a subsidy should reflect the external benefits;otherwise a distortion of competition takes place. The most widespread method to calculate externalities is the avoided cost approach, despite the fact that it encounters equally all the RES units leading to technological neutrality. In the present article, the avoided cost approach with the objective social justification of RES subsidies/feed in tariffs (FITs) in the case of Greece, for the year 2014, is applied. The results show a high gap between the current FITs and the suggested ones amounting to approximately 40%. This uncomfortable outcome indicates that, at least in the case of Greece, either the level of the current guaranteed tariffs is not socially justified, or the CO2 value derived from the European carbon market does not reflect the real social cost, or that the avoided cost method, alone, is not adequate to explain the level of subsidies. In light of the foregoing, the need for the development of a concrete and integrated methodology for calculating all RES externalities emerges.

关键词： Renewable Energy Feed in Tariff Avoided Cost Welfare Economics Pricing Externalities

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Optical simulation of external quantum efficiency spectra of CuIn_(1-x)Ga_xSe_2 solar cells from spectroscopic ellipsometry inputs

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2018年第4期27卷 1151-1169页

作者： Abdel-Rahman A.Ibdah Prakash Koirala Puruswottam Aryal Puja Pradhan michael J.Heben nikolas J.Podraza Sylvain marsillac Robert W.Collins Department of Physics & Astronomy and Center for Photovoltaics Innovation & Commercialization University of Toledo Virginia Institute of Photovoltaics Old Dominion University

Applications of in-situ and ex-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry （SE） are presented for the development of parametric expressions that define the real and imaginary parts （ε1, ε2） of the complex dielectric function spectra of thin film solar cell components. These spectra can then be utilized to analyze the structure of complete thin film solar cells. Optical and structural/compositional models of complete solar cells developed through least squares regression analysis of the SE data acquired for the complete cells enable simulations of external quantum efficiency （EQE） without the need for variable parameters. Such simulations can be compared directly with EQE measurements. From these comparisons, it becomes possible to understand in detail the origins of optical and electronic gains and losses in thin film photovoltaics （PC） technologies and, as a result, the underlying performance limitations. In fact, optical losses that occur when above-bandgap photons are not absorbed in the active layers can be distinguished from electronic losses when electron-hole pairs generated in the active layers are not collected. This overall methodology has been applied to copper indium-gallium diselenide （Culn1-xGaxSe2; CIGS） solar cells, a key commercialized thin film PV technology. CIGS solar cells with both standard thickness （〉2 μm） and thin （〈1 μm） absorber layers are studied by applying SE to obtain inputs for EQE simulations and enabling comparisons of simulated and measured EQE spectra. SE data analysis is challenging for CIGS material components and solar cells because of the need to develop an appropriate （ε1, ε2） database for the CIGS alloys and to extract absorber layer Ga profiles for accurate structural/compositional models. For cells with standard thickness absorbers, excellent agreement is found between the simulated and measured EQE, the latter under the assumption of 100% collection from the active layers, which include the CIGS bulk and CIGS/CdS heterojunction inter

关键词： Solar cells Thin-film Ellipsometry Spectroscopic Culn1-xGaxSe2(CIGS) Optical properties Quantum efficiency External Simulation Solar-cell

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Deep-learning-assisted printed liquid metal sensory system for wearable applications and boxing training

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npj Flexible Electronics 2023年第1期7卷 177-186页

作者： Ye Qiu Zhihui Zou Zhanan Zou nikolas Kurnia Setiawan Karan Vivek Dikshit Gregory Whiting Fan Yang Wenan Zhang Jiutian Lu Bingqing Zhong Huaping Wu Jianliang Xiao College of mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology310023 HangzhouChina Department of mechanical Engineering University of Colorado Boulder80309 BoulderColoradoUSA College of Information Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology310023 HangzhouChina

Liquid metal(Lm)exhibits a distinct combination of high electrical conductivity comparable to that of metals and exceptional deformability derived from its liquid state,thus it is considered a promising material for high-performance soft ***,rapid patterning Lm to achieve a sensory system with high sensitivity remains a challenge,mainly attributed to the poor rheological property and ***,we report a rheological modification strategy of Lm and strain redistribution mechanics to simultaneously simplify the scalable manufacturing process and significantly enhance the sensitivity of Lm *** incorporating SiO_(2)particles into Lm,the modulus,yield stress,and viscosity of the Lm-SiO_(2)composite are drastically enhanced,enabling 3D printability on soft materials for stretchable *** sensors based on printed Lm-SiO_(2)composite show excellent mechanical flexibility,robustness,strain,and pressure sensing *** sensors are integrated onto different locations of the human body for wearable ***,by integrating onto a tactile glove,the synergistic effect of strain and pressure sensing can decode the clenching posture and hitting strength in boxing *** assisted by a deeplearning algorithm,this tactile glove can achieve recognition of the technical execution of boxing punches,such as jab,swing,uppercut,and combination punches,with 90.5%*** integrated multifunctional sensory system can find wide applications in smart sport-training,intelligent soft robotics,and human-machine interfaces.

关键词： wear system liquid

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Immunotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors for gliomas

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Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation 2018年第11期5卷 19-34页

作者： Clairice m.Pearce matthew R.Chrostek Emily G.Fellows nikolas G.Toman Sarah K.Tran Andrew T.Crane Walter C.Low Department of Neurosurgery University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMN 55455USA masonic Cancer Center University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMN 55455USA Brain Tumor Program University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMN 55455USA

Glioma treatments are faced with challenges, including the inability to fully eliminate cancer stem cells, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and the blood brain barrier. Although progress has been made with surgical, radiation, and chemotherapies, prognosis for patients remains poor. Rapidly emerging immunotherapies may be able to address the challenges that conventional techniques cannot. Immunotherapies manipulate the patient's immune system to selectively combat malignancies. Therapies often work to enhance T-cell and natural killer (NK) cell function, which can both eliminate tumor cells and enhance remission. Vaccines encourage in vivo development of anti-tumor T-cells and NK cells, while adoptive transfer techniques focus on engineering immune cells ex vivo before reintroducing them to patients. Vaccine and adoptive transfer therapies have been shown to induce enhanced immune responses in patients but have not always correlated with improved outcomes, likely because of the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Checkpoint inhibitors can impair these tumor immunosuppressive capabilities. Although no one treatment has been able to consistently eliminate gliomas and maintain remission, combinations of vaccines or adoptive transfer techniques in conjunction with immune checkpoint inhibitors offers promise.

关键词： Glioma immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors vaccines T-cells dendritic cells

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希腊莱斯沃斯岛中新世木化石研究进展

希腊莱斯沃斯岛中新世木化石研究进展

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中国古生物学会古植物学分会、江苏省古生物学会2021年学术年会

作者：朱衍宾 nikolas C.Zouros 张建平王永栋李亚崔一鸣中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所和生物演化与环境卓越创新中心现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室中国科学院大学爱琴海大学地理系中国地质大学(北京)地质遗迹研究中心

希腊莱斯沃斯岛出露有大规模由中新世火山活动而形成的矿化森林。该矿化森林保存有大量的植物木化石、叶片化石以及部分动物化石,其中大多数木化石属于横卧或直立原地埋藏,并保留比较完整的根系,是世界上最为著名的木化石产地之一,也是... 详细信息

希腊莱斯沃斯岛出露有大规模由中新世火山活动而形成的矿化森林。该矿化森林保存有大量的植物木化石、叶片化石以及部分动物化石,其中大多数木化石属于横卧或直立原地埋藏,并保留比较完整的根系,是世界上最为著名的木化石产地之一,也是首批欧洲和世界地质公园。课题组通过近期的野外考察,对已报道的莱斯沃斯岛木化石进行了详细的梳理与分析,目前共计报道有木化石8科15属32种(包括2个新属21个新种),包括蕨类植物(1种)、裸子植物(5科10属21种,包括2个新属17个新种)和被子植物(2科4属10种,包括4个新种)3大类群。已报道的裸子植物木化石主要归属于原始松科、柏科、罗汉松科、红豆杉科和银杏科,而被子植物主要为胡桃科和棕榈科。目前,莱斯沃斯岛还继续发现大量新的化石产地和新的木化石类型,初步鉴定有樟科樟属、壳斗科栎属、杨柳科柳和鼠李科鼠李属等。通过对木化石反映的植物类群,初步确认并恢复莱斯沃斯岛的中新世气候处于北半球暖温带-亚热带,总体比较温暖潮湿,有着明显的季节性变化的特征,植物群的海拔主体为500～1 000 m的高度,在低海拔地区有阔叶树和棕榈伴生,森林中存在着一定的湖泊和河流生态环境。随着工作的深入,我们将继续揭示木化石的系统分类多样性、埋藏学和古生态特征,为恢复莱斯沃斯地区以及地中海周边地区的古植被和古气候环境提供重要的植物化石证据。

关键词：希腊中新世矿化森林木化石古气候

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