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中国全科医学 2005年第4期8卷 292-292页

作者： nigel w.flook 李井泉中国全科医学杂志社北京市100085

　对全科医生和社区卫生工作者来说, 对慢性疾病患者的诊治和随访指导是其工作的重要组成部分。如何对消化系统这一常见病做出准确而迅速的诊断? 本期将国外对慢性消化系统疾病的诊断、鉴别诊断等内容做一介绍, 希望对医务工作者有所借鉴。

关键词：诊断慢性消化系统疾病社区卫生工作处理全科医生慢性疾病患者指导作者准确

Persistent inflammation and neuronal loss in the mouse brain induced by a modified form of attenuated herpes simplex virus type I

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Virologica Sinica 2023年第1期38卷 108-118页

作者： Erlin wang Xinwei Huang Yunshuang Ye Shiqing Zou Guijun Chen Liping Yang nigel w.Fraser Fukai Bao Jumin Zhou Xia Cao Key Laboratory of Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming650000China Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanism of the Chinese Academy of Science/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of ZoologyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650223China Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China Department of Microbiology Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA Department of Biology and Immunology Kunming Medical UniversityKunming650101China KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases Kunming650223China

Herpes simplex virus-1(HSV-1)is a widespread neurotropic virus that can reach the brain and cause a rare but acute herpes simplex encephalitis(HSE)with a high mortality rate.Most patients present with changes in neurological and behavioral status,and survivors suffer long-term neurological sequelae.To date,the pathogenesis leading to brain damage is still not well understood.HSV-1 induced encephalitis in the central nervous system(CNS)in animals are usually very diffuse and progressing rapidly,and mostly fatal,making the analysis difficult.Here,we established a mouse model of HSE via intracerebral inoculation of modified version of neuralattenuated strains of HSV-1(deletion of ICP34.5 and inserting a strong promoter into the latency-associated transcript region),in which the LMR-αΔpA strain initiated moderate productive infection,leading to strong host immune and inflammatory response characterized by persistent microglia activation.This viral replication activity and prolonged inflammatory response activated signaling pathways in neuronal damage,amyloidosis,Alzheimer's disease,and neurodegeneration,eventually leading to neuronal loss and behavioral changes characterized by hypokinesia.Our study reveals detailed pathogenic processes and persistent inflammatory responses in the CNS and provides a controlled,mild and non-lethal HSE model for studying long-term neuronal injury and increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases due to HSV-1 infection.

关键词： Herpes simplex virus-1(HSV-1) Herpes simplex encephalitis(HSE) ICP34.5 Neuroinflammation Neuronal loss

Cancer of the uncinate process of the pancreas:surgical anatomy and clinicopathological features

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2009年第6期8卷 569-574页

作者： Adrian w. O'Sullivan nigel Heaton Mohamed Rela Institute of Liver Studies King's College Hospital National Health Service(NHS) Foundation Trust

BACKGROUND:The clinicopathological features of uncinate process pancreatic cancer(UPPC) are poorly described.Furthermore the anatomy of the uncinate process and its division during surgery are central to pancreaticoduodenectomy for UPPC.we set out to describe the embryology and anatomy of the uncinate process and the clinicopathological features of UPPC.DATA SOURCES:All published case series of UPPC were reviewed and included in this review.RESULTS:The true incidence of UPPC is difficult to quantify,with the reported incidence ranging from 2.5% to 10.7% of pancreatic cancer.There are 5 published series of UPPC including 117 patients,72 males and 45 females,aged from 45-53 years to 61-84 years.The median survival was 5 or 5.5 months in 3 of the series,12.1 months in another based only on potentially resectable lesions and 17 months in another based only on resected cases.CONCLUSIONS:The number of reported series of UPPC is limited,with vague symptoms as the predominant presenting features of the disease.The prognosis is poor with synchronous venous resection demonstrating a survival advantage.

关键词： pancreatic neoplasms uncinate process anatomy embryology surgery

A molecular framework underlying low-nitrogeninduced early leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2023年第4期16卷 756-774页

作者： Hongmei Fan Shuxuan Quan Qing Ye Lei Zhang wei Liu Ning Zhu Xiaoqi Zhang wenyuan Ruan Keke Yi nigel M.Crawford Yong wang State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong 271018China Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 10081China Section of Cell and Developmental Biology Division of Biological ScienceUniversity of California at San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093-0116USA

Nitrogen(N)deficiency causes early leaf senescence,resulting in accelerated whole-plant maturation and severely reduced crop yield.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying N-deficiency-induced early leaf senescence remain unclear,even in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana.In this study,we identified Growth,Development and Splicing 1(GDS1),a previously reported transcription factor,as a new regulator of nitrate(NO3)signaling by a yeast-one-hybrid screen using a NO3enhancer fragment from the promoter of NRT2.1.we showed that GDS1 promotes NO3 signaling,absorption and assimilation by affecting the expression of multiple NO3 regulatory genes,including Nitrate Regulatory Gene2(NRG2).Interestingly,we observedthat gds1mutants show early leaf senescence as well as reduced NO3-contentand Nuptake under N-deficient conditions.Further analyses indicated that GDS1 binds to the promoters of several senescence-related genes,including Phytochrome-lnteracting Transcription Factors 4 and 5(PIF4 and PIF5)and represses their expression.Interestingly,we found that N deficiency decreases GDS1 protein accumulation,and GDS1 could interact with Anaphase Promoting Complex Subunit 10(APC10).Genetic and biochemical experiments demonstrated that Anaphase Promoting Complex or Cyclosome(APC/C)promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of GDS1 under N deficiency,resulting in loss of PIF4 and PiF5 repression and consequent early leaf senescence.Furthermore,we discovered that overexpression of GDS1 could delay leaf senescence and improve seed yield and N-use efficiency(NUE)in Arabidopsis.In summary,our study uncovers a molecular framework illustrating a new mechanism underlying low-N-induced early leaf senescence and provides potential targets for genetic improvement of crop varieties with increased yield and NUE.

关键词： nitrate signaling GDS1 nitrogen-deficiency-induced leaf senescence PIF4/PIF5 APC/C ubiquitina-tion NUE

Natural history of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer-pathobiological pathways with clinical significance

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第14期20卷 3719-3737页

作者： Konstantinos A Paschos Ali w Majeed nigel C Bird Liver Research Group Department of OncologySchool of MedicineRoyal Hallamshire HospitalThe University of Sheffield Department of Surgery General Hospital of Drama

Colorectal cancer hepatic metastases represent the final stage of a multi-step biological process.This process starts with a series of mutations in colonic epithelial cells,continues with their detachment from the large intestine,dissemination through the blood and/or lymphatic circulation,attachment to the hepatic sinusoids and interactions with the sinusoidal cells,such as sinusoidal endothelial cells,Kupffer cells,stellate cells and pit cells.The metastatic sequence terminates with colorectal cancer cell invasion,adaptation and colonisation of the hepatic parenchyma.All these events,termed the colorectal cancer invasion-metastasis cascade,include multiple molecular pathways,intercellular interactions and expression of a plethora of chemokines and growth factors,and adhesion molecules,such as the selectins,the integrins or the cadherins,as well as enzymes including matrix metalloproteinases.This review aims to present recent advances that provide insights into these cell-biological events and emphasizes those that may be amenable to therapeutic targeting.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Metastatic cascade Liver metasta

雌雄异株的大戟科植物中叶片大小和形状的性别差异

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2021年第1期14卷 67-83页

作者： Mariola Rabska nigel w.M.warwick Grzegorz Iszkulo Caroline L.Gross Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of SciencesKornikPoland School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia Institute of Biological Sciences University of Zielona GoraZielona GoraPoland Ecosystem Management University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia

作为自然选择的对象,叶片大小和形状能够发挥适应性作用,并且随叶龄而改变。在雌雄异株的植物中,叶片大小和形状因性别而不同,在大多数情况下,雌性的叶片较大。以往研究表明,Adriana tomentosa在叶裂方面存在性别差异。在本研究中,我们... 详细信息

作为自然选择的对象,叶片大小和形状能够发挥适应性作用,并且随叶龄而改变。在雌雄异株的植物中,叶片大小和形状因性别而不同,在大多数情况下,雌性的叶片较大。以往研究表明,Adriana tomentosa在叶裂方面存在性别差异。在本研究中,我们探讨了在叶片大小、形状和生理生态等方面是否存在其他性别差异,以及这些差异是否与人tomentosa的性别适应性和繁殖作用有关。我们测定了生长在澳大利亚东部的两个不连续种群的雌性和雄性植物的幼叶和老叶的物理化学特征,主要包括:叶面积、周长、锯齿、圆形度、长宽比、圆度以及生态生理指标,包括SLA、干物质质量、叶片水分、RwC、δ^(13)C,δ^(15)N同位素比、碳氮含量和碳氮比。同时还测定了叶裂、叶片损伤程度和光合色素含量。在这两个种群中,植物性别显著影响几乎所有与叶片形态相关的参数,如面积、周长、圆形度、长宽比和圆度。与预期相反,我们发现两个种群的雄性具有较大的叶面积且与叶龄无关。雄叶裂片较多,周长较长,但它们较少伸长且锯齿较少。雌性和雄性叶片的生理生态指标差异不大。叶片损伤程度因性别而异,但也因种群而异。叶面积和叶形在性别间的差异不能被生理生态因素所补偿。然而,叶面积可能由其他与叶片形态相关的生理生态机制补偿,因为与雄性相比,雌性的叶面积较小,但叶片锯齿较大。

关键词：大戟科雌雄异株种叶形叶片大小锯齿碳氮比

Surveillance of adverse events following H1N1/09 influenza immunisation in Victoria, Australia

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Natural Science 2012年第12期4卷 1065-1073页

作者： David Tran Hazel Clothier Jim P. Buttery nigel w. Crawford Department of General Medicine Royal Children’s Hospital (RCH) Melbourne Australia Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Australia SAEFVIC Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (MCRI) Melbourne Australia

BACKGROUND: The H1N1 pandemic in 2009 required a systematic coordinated response, which in Australia included a monovalent (H1N1/09) vaccine (Panvax?). SAEFVIC (Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Vaccination In the Community) is the Victorian, Australia state-based vaccine safety unit. The aim of the study was to review SAEFVIC reports of adverse events following immunisations (AEFI) temporally associated with H1N1/09 vaccines [monovalent and Trivalent Influenza Vaccines (TIV)]. METHODS: 1) Analysis of AEFI related to H1N1/09 vaccines reported to SAEFVIC from September 2009 to December 2010;2) Review of febrile convulsions (ICD-10 code R56.0), in children under 5 years of age presenting to the Royal Children’s Hospital (RCH) Melbourne, Emergency Department between 1 March-30 April 2010. The presentation details and immunisation history were clarified by a telephone interview. RESULTS: 1) There were 659 reports of 749 adverse events following H1N1 vaccines. Among the TIV group, Fluvax had the most AEFI reported, with 77 per 100,000 doses distributed. Serious AEFI temporally associated with H1N1/09 vaccines included: 3 deaths, 2 anaphylactic reactions, and 3 GuillainBarre Syndrome. There were 7 reports of drug administration error;2) There were 179 presentations with fever and 67 reported febrile convulsions out of 11025 presentations (0.61%), 11 following H1N1 vaccines. Fluvax? was associated with 55% (6/11) reports. The mean onset time of AEFI was 13.2 hours post vaccination, and there was complete resolution of symptoms in allcases with no significant morbidity. CONCLUSION: Consistent with other Australian states in 2010, there was a TIV brand specific [Fluvax?] increase in febrile convulsions post vaccination. As a result this vaccine is no longer licensed for children <5 years of age. Comprehensive passive and active surveillance for AEFI needs to be incorporated into future pandemic planning.

关键词： H1N1 Influenza Vaccine Adverse Events SAEFVIC

In Vitro Evaluation of the Antimethanogenic Potency and Effects on Fermentation of Individual and Combinations of Marine Macroalgae

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第14期7卷 2038-2054页

作者： Robert D. Kinley Matthew J. Vucko Lorenna Machado nigel w. Tomkins CSIRO Agriculture Australian Tropical Science & Innovation Precinct James Cook University Townsville Australia MACRO—The Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology College of Marine and Environmental Sciences James Cook University Townsville Australia

Contribution of ruminants to total greenhouse gas emissions in Australia is approximately 10% and likely to increase with demand for livestock products, thus an efficient method of mitigation must be implemented. The red marine macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis reduces enteric methane production by up to 99% in vitro. Other macroalgae with less potent antimethanogenic properties may complement inclusion of Asparagopsis in livestock feeds. Adoption of environmental based changes in livestock systems must provide benefits to producers if change in management is to be adopted. This study used 72 h in vitro fermentations with rumen inoculum to characterize and rank seven species of macroalgae at low inclusion that previously demonstrated some degree of antimethanogenesis at higher inclusion concentration. The seven were assessed at 5% inclusion (OM basis) and in combination with Asparagopsis to evaluate beneficial effects on fermentation. when tested individually, improvements in volatile fatty acids were generally observed, however, minimal effect on gas production and no clear justification for a ranking order were demonstrated. when tested in combination with Asparagopsis, the effects on fermentation were dominated by presence of Asparagopsis at 2% and no further benefits demonstrated. Therefore, Asparagopsis remains the only macroalga inducing near elimination of methane in vitro and benefit of combinations with other macroalgae evaluated in this study was not demonstrated. However, combination with high protein macroalgae is proposed to provide productivity enhancement during seasonal lows in grass quality and thus reduce methane emissions intensity providing a stronger conduit for environmental responsibility while increasing productivity.

关键词： Asparagopsis Methane Rumen Seaweed Algae

洪水频率估算中的期望年淹没损失及其不确定性

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水利科技 1993年第2期 46-54页

作者： nigel w.Arnell 陈能志福建省水电勘测设计院

期望年损失(即淹没损失,后文同)是一个地区淹没影响的最常用指标。然而,由于从有限的数据中估算洪水频率关系以洪水量值与损失关系的不确定性,期望年损失的估算是很不确定的。计算机模拟试验用合成洪峰数据和确定的洪水量级～损失函数表... 详细信息

期望年损失(即淹没损失,后文同)是一个地区淹没影响的最常用指标。然而,由于从有限的数据中估算洪水频率关系以洪水量值与损失关系的不确定性,期望年损失的估算是很不确定的。计算机模拟试验用合成洪峰数据和确定的洪水量级～损失函数表明,期望年损失估算的抽样分布是强偏态的,在一定程度上取决于损失函数的结构形式,最重要的是,估算中的偏离度与开始造成损失的洪水估算概率的误差有极为密切的关系。期望概率的应用导致期望年损失中的偏离度明显增大。

关键词：水文计算洪水频率频率分析

Effect of Tropical Algae as Additives on Rumen <i>in Vitro</i>Gas Production and Fermentation Characteristics

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 34-43页

作者： Baptiste Dubois nigel w. Tomkins Robert D. Kinley Mei Bai Scott Seymour Nicholas A. Paul Rocky de Nys AgroParisTech 16 rue Claude Bernard Paris France CSIRO Livestock Industries Australian Tropical Sciences Innovation Pre- cinct James Cook Drive James Cook University Townsville Australia School of Marine and Tropical Biology James Cook Uni- versity Townsville Australia

Algae have become an area of intensive research in many fields of study. Areas of application are becoming increasingly diverse with the advent of technologies particularly in the mass production of algae biomass. Algae contain complex bioactive compounds and these are gaining importance in emerging technologies with nutritional and environmental applications. In this study, a preliminary investigation evaluated 15 species of algae from the major categories of marine and fresh water algae for their potential as inclusions in ruminant diets for management of greenhouse gas emissions. It was hypothesized that algae would positively affect rumen fermentation and gas production while reducing methane production. The hypothesis was tested using an Ankom automated gas monitoring system and rumen fluid from Bos indicus steers fed tropical forage diets. The results were variable between algae species with some showing a significant reduction in total gas and methane production, with others increasing gas and fermentation. The red and brown algae stand out as having potential for greenhouse gas mitigation with the brown alga Cystoseira having the most prominent effect. The effects observed on fermentation may be manipulated through dosage management and beneficial effects could be potentially maximized by preparing combinations of algal supplements. It has been demonstrated in this study that algae have the potential to assist in rumen fermentation management for improved gas production, and greenhouse gas abatement.

关键词： Algae Enteric Gas Macroalgae Methane Rumen Seaweed