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From source to emplacement:The origin of leucogranites from the Sikkim-Darjeeling Himalayas,India

Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第1期15卷 384-401页

作者： Tanya Srivastava nigel harris Catherine Mottram Kumar Batuk Joshi Nishchal Wanjari Department of Geology Sikkim UniversityGangtokIndia School of Environment Earth&Ecosystem SciencesOpen UniversityMiltonKeynesUK School of the Environment Geography and GeosciencesUniversity of PortsmouthUK National Centre for Earth Science Studies ThiruvananthapuramKeralaIndia

Himalayan leucogranites are important for understanding the tectonic evolution of collision zones in general and the causes of crustal melting in the Himalayan orogen in *** paper aims to understand the melt source and emplacement age of the leucogranites from Sikkim in order to decipher the deep geodynamic processes of the eastern *** U-Pb analysis of the Higher Himalayan Sequence(HHS)metamorphic core reveals a prolonged period of crustal melting between>33 Ma and ca.14 *** and trace element abundances are presented for 27 leucogranites from North Sikkim that are classified into two-mica and tourmaline leucogranite *** are peraluminous in composition,characterized by high SiO2(70.91-74.9 wt.%),Al2O3(13.69-15.82 wt.%),and low MgO(0.13-0.74 wt.%).Elemental abundances suggest that Sikkim Himalayan leucogranites are derived from crustal *** two-mica leucogranites are derived from a metagreywacke source,whereas the tourmaline leucogranites are sourced from metapelitic sources,with inherited zircons indicating an HHS origin for both types.U-Pb zircon geochronology of the two mica leucogranites indicates ages of ca.19-15 Ma,consistent with crustal melting recorded in HHS gneisses from *** from both the two-mica and tourmaline leucogranites yield a crystallization age of ca.15-14 Ma,coeval with movement on the Main Central Thrust and South Tibetan Detachment System which further provides constraints on the timing and mechanism of petrogenesis of leucogranites in the Sikkim Himalayas.

关键词： Leucogranites Gneiss U-Pb geochronology Zircon Monazite Sikkim-Darjeeling Himalayas

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Geochemical and Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of granitoids from western Qinling belt: Constraints on basement nature and tectonic affinity

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第2期50卷 184-196页

作者： nigel harris Department of Earth Sciences The Open University Milton Keynes MK7 6AA UK

Geochemical and Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of five Indosinian granitoid intrusions from the western Qinling belt provide insights into basement nature and tectonic affinity. The results show that the western Qinling granitoids incline towards basic in their bulk chemical composition. The granitoids belong to high-K to shoshonitic series with K2O/Na2O=1.04-1.86 and are dominantly metaluminous with A/CNK=0.90-1.05 (most samples have A/CNK of <1.0). They have similar trace elemental compo- sitional patterns. In Sr-Nd isotopic compositions, they display some extent heterogeneity with Isr=0.70682-0.70845, εNd(t)=?4.85 to ?9.17 and TDM=1.26-1.66 Ga. They are characterized by high ra- diogenic Pb isotopic compositions. Their initial Pb isotopic ratios are 206Pb/204Pb=17.996-18.468, 207Pb/204Pb=15.565-15.677 and 208Pb/204Pb=38.082-38.587. Geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic composi- tions reveal that magma for the granitoids was derived from partial melting of high-K (Rb) basaltic rocks, which might be formed in 900-1400 Ma. It is suggested that a large amount of the Proterozoic high-K (Rb) basaltic rocks, which underlie the Phanerozoic sedimentary cover, constitute the crustal basement of the western Qinling belt. Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic compositional comparison between the east- ern Qinling and the western Qinling Indosinian granitoids indicates that the crustal basement of the western Qinling is distinct from that of the eastern Qinling. The Baoji-Chengdu railway close to south-north orientation can be taken as an approximate boundary between both basements. The Pb-Nd isotopic compositional characteristics of the western Qinling granitoids suggest that the basement of the western Qinling belt has an affinity with the Yangtze block.

关键词： granitoid geochemistry basement nature tectonic affinity West Qinling

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北喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩地球化学:区域对比、岩石成因及其构造意义

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地球科学（中国地质大学学报） 2005年第3期30卷 275-288页

作者：张宏飞 nigel harris Randall Parrish 张利赵志丹李德威中国地质大学地球科学学院湖北武汉430074 英国Open大学地球科学系英国地质调查局同位素实验室中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院北京100083

北喜马拉雅出露一系列片麻岩穹窿,这些穹窿被形成于27.5～10Ma的淡色花岗岩侵入.淡色花岗岩的岩石类型为二云母花岗岩,它们的主量元素组成为SiO2=70.97%～74.54%、K2O+Na2O=6.27%～8.09%、K2O/Na2O=0.91～1.36及A/CNK=1.10～1.33.然而,... 详细信息

北喜马拉雅出露一系列片麻岩穹窿,这些穹窿被形成于27.5～10Ma的淡色花岗岩侵入.淡色花岗岩的岩石类型为二云母花岗岩,它们的主量元素组成为SiO2=70.97%～74.54%、K2O+Na2O=6.27%～8.09%、K2O/Na2O=0.91～1.36及A/CNK=1.10～1.33.然而,它们在微量元素组成上呈现出较大的变化:Rb=(41～322)×10-6、Sr=(26～139)×10-6、Ba=(135～594)×10-6、(La/Yb)N=0.97～17.31、Eu/Eu=0.29～0.72.北喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩的主量元素和微量元素组成特征类似于高喜马拉雅中新世的二云母花岗岩,而在Ti、Mg、Ca、Ba含量和Rb/Sr比值上明显不同于高喜马拉雅中新世的电气石-白云母花岗岩.北喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩(87Sr/86Sr)t=0.7344～0.8503(t=10Ma),εNd(10Ma)=-12.5～-19.3,与高喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩无明显差异.在岩石成因上,北喜马拉雅和高喜马拉雅中新世淡色花岗岩均起因于构造减压作用,由此导致白云母发生脱水反应诱发高喜马拉雅结晶岩系的深熔.但北喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩形成的地质背景明显不同于高喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩,前者具有较长的时间跨度,开始形成于喜马拉雅渐新世的地壳增厚期,之后形成于中新世穹窿片麻岩的折返时期,而高喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩与中新世高喜马拉雅结晶岩系的构造挤出作用有关.因此。

关键词：淡色花岗岩地球化学岩石成因构造意义北喜马拉雅高喜马拉雅

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西秦岭花岗岩类地球化学和Pb-Sr-Nd同位素组成对基底性质及其构造属性的限制

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中国科学（D辑） 2005年第10期35卷 914-926页

作者：张宏飞靳兰兰张利 nigel harris 周炼胡圣虹张本仁中国地质大学(武汉)地球科学学院武汉430074 Department of Earth Sciences The Open University Milton KeynesMK76AAUK

对西秦岭印支期5个花岗岩类岩体进行了岩石主量元素、微量元素和Pb-Sr-Nd同位素地球化学的研究, 据此限定西秦岭的地壳基底性质及其构造属性. 结果表明, 西秦岭花岗岩类总体化学成分偏基性, 岩石主要属于准铝质的高钾-钾玄质系列, A/CNK... 详细信息

对西秦岭印支期5个花岗岩类岩体进行了岩石主量元素、微量元素和Pb-Sr-Nd同位素地球化学的研究, 据此限定西秦岭的地壳基底性质及其构造属性. 结果表明, 西秦岭花岗岩类总体化学成分偏基性, 岩石主要属于准铝质的高钾-钾玄质系列, A/CNK=0.90～1.05 (绝大多数样品<1.0), K2O/Na2O=1.04～1.86. 它们具有相似的微量元素(包括稀土元素)组成模式, (La/Yb)N= 7.49～ 28.79, Eu*/Eu=0.39～0.76. 在Sr-Nd同位素组成上, 西秦岭花岗岩显示一定程度的不均一性, ISr= 0.70682～0.70845, εNd(t)=-4.85～-9.17, TDM=1.26～1.66 Ga. 西秦岭花岗岩类以高放射成因铅同位素组成为特征, 其初始铅同位素比值为: 206Pb/204Pb=17.996～18.468, 207Pb/204Pb=15.565～15.677, 208Pb/204Pb=38.082～38.587. 根据西秦岭花岗岩类的化学和Sr-Nd同位素组成, 揭示了它们的岩浆源区均来自于地壳中高K(Rb)玄武质岩石的部分熔融, 源区物质形成时代可能在900～1400 Ma之间, 由此反映在西秦岭沉积盖层之下含有大量的中、新元古代的高K (Rb)玄武质岩层. 西秦岭印支期花岗岩类与东秦岭印支期花岗岩类的Pb-Sr-Nd同位素组成对比, 指示西秦岭和东秦岭地壳具有不同的基底组成, 两者的分界线大至位于近南北向的宝成铁路线. 西秦岭花岗岩类Pb-Nd同位素组成特征表明西秦岭地壳基底具有扬子块体的构造属性.

关键词：西秦岭花岗岩地球化学 Pb-Sr-Nd同位素微量元素组成模式

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THE EFFECT OF LESSER HIMALAYAN CALC-SILICATES ON THE ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr OF THE BHOTE KOSI RIVER OF NEPAL—IMPLICATIONS FOR HIMALAYAN WEATHERING, THE MARINE ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr RECORD AND GLOBAL CLIMATE

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地学前缘 2000年第S1期7卷 396-397页

作者： Lee Oliver 1,nigel harris 1, Nancy Dise 1,Mike Bickle 2[WT5,5”BX](1 Department of Earth Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK 2 Department of Earth Sciences, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK)

During the last 40Ma the marine 87 Sr/ 86 Sr record shows a rapid rise (from 0 7078 to 0 7092) [1] , a trend which has been linked to the Himalayan Orogeny [2] . Indeed, many Himalayan rivers, principally those of the Ganges\|Brahmaputra system, display high 87 Sr/ 86 Sr relative to [Sr] [3] . Theories concerning the cause of this radiogenic Sr enrichment are diverse, but our results suggest that Lesser Himalayan carbonate\|rich lithologies play a vital role [4,5] .The Bhote Kosi originates in Tibet at ca.5km elevation from Tibetan Sedimentary Series (TSS) bedrock, before traversing the High Himalayan Crystalline Series (HHCS) and Lesser Himalaya (LH) of eastern Nepal, joining the Indrawati (at ca.0 6km elevation) to form the Sun Kosi, part of the Ganges system. Carbonates, calc\|silicates and silicates have been identified from the TSS, HHCS and LH, and the Bhote Kosi provides an opportunity to study the influence of these upon fluvial chemistry. Interest is focused on the cause of a rapid rise in riverine Sr\|isotope ratios immediately downstream of the Main Central Thrust (MCT) and the role of carbonate\|rich lithologies exposed in this section. Similar lithologies are lacking in the catchment of a second Nepalese river system, the Lantang Khola—Trisuli, sampled during the same period, and used as a baseline indicator for the effect of LH carbonates on the dissolved load of the Bhote Kosi.

关键词： weathering strontium isotopes Himalayan rivers carbonates

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A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2021年第2期9卷 41-126页

作者： Colin N.Danson Malcolm White John R.M.Barr Thomas Bett Peter Blyth David Bowley Ceri Brenner Robert J.Collins Neal Croxford A.E.Bucker Dangor Laurence Devereux Peter E.Dyer Anthony Dymoke-Bradshaw Christopher B.Edwards Paul Ewart Allister I.Ferguson John M.Girkin Denis R.Hall David C.Hanna Wayne harris David I.Hillier Christopher J.Hooker Simon M.Hooker Nicholas Hopps Janet Hull David Hunt Dino A.Jaroszynski Mark Kempenaars Helmut Kessler Sir Peter L.Knight Steve Knight Adrian Knowles Ciaran L.S.Lewis Ken S.Lipton Abby Littlechild John Littlechild Peter Maggs Graeme P.A.Malcolm OBE Stuart P.D.Mangles William Martin Paul McKenna Richard O.Moore Clive Morrison Zulfikar Najmudin David Neely Geoff H.C.New Michael J.Norman Ted Paine Anthony W.Parker Rory R.Penman Geoff J.Pert Chris Pietraszewski Andrew Randewich Nadeem H.Rizvi nigel Seddon MBE Zheng-Ming Sheng David Slater Roland A.Smith Christopher Spindloe Roy Taylor Gary Thomas John W.G.Tisch Justin S.Wark Colin Webb S.Mark Wiggins Dave Willford Trevor Winstone AWE Aldermaston ReadingUK Oxford Centre for High Energy Density Science Department of PhysicsClarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Intertial Fusion Studies Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondonUK Formerly of Electrox LetchworthUK Formerly of Central Laser Facility Rutherford LaboratoryDidcotUK Formerly of Ferranti Defence Systems LincolnUK Leonardo EdinburghUK Retired AWEReadingUK Formerly of AWE ReadingUK Formerly of Laser Lines Ltd BanburyUK Formerly of Optilas Ltd Milton KeynesUK Retired Pro-Lite TechnologyCranfieldUK Specialised Imaging Ltd PitstoneUK Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUK Magna-Power Electronics Ltd ReadingUK DeBe Lasers Needham Laser TechnologiesWhitchurchUK Blackett Laboratory Imperial College LondonLondonUK SPIE Europe CardiffUK Professor Emeritus(Physics) University of HullKingston upon HullUK Kentech Instruments Ltd WallingfordUK Department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Professor Emeritus Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK Department of Physics Durham UniversityDurhamUK Professor Emeritus(Photonics) Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghUK Professor Emeritus University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Optical Surfaces Ltd KenleyUK JEH Lasers Ltd RugbyUK Scottish Universities Physics Alliance Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK ITER Organization Saint-Paul-lez-DuranceFrance Manx Precision Optics Ltd BallasallaUK Laser Lines Ltd BanburyUK Elliot Scientific Ltd MetroTest Scientific GroupHarpendenUK Centre for Plasma Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUK Retired Founderand former MDRofin-Sinar UK LtdHullUK Heraeus Noblelight Ltd CambridgeUK Mirli Books ChelmsfordUK M Squared Lasers Ltd GlasgowUK University of Hertfordshire HatfieldUK E&EO UK Ltd Barton-upon-HumberUK Department of Physics University of YorkYorkUK IC Optical Systems Ltd BeckenhamUK Laser Micromachining Ltd St AsaphUK MBDA UK Ltd Brist

The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by *** of Hughes Research Laboratories,*** laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials,operating at different *** the UK,academia,industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of *** historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology,the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years.

关键词： high-power lasers history United Kingdom

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轨道交通的产学研新模式——麻省理工学院/波多黎各地铁项目简介

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城市交通 2007年第3期5卷 8-13页

作者： Jose M.Izquierdo-Encarnaci Lydia Elena Mercado Benjamn Colucci Frederick P.Salvucci andnigel H.M.Wilson 郭湛波多黎各公共事务部圣胡安00940 DMJM+harris公司圣胡安00918 波多黎各大学土木工程系玛雅贯兹00681 麻省理工学院麻省剑桥02139

波多黎各于20世纪90年代初才开始发展城市轨道交通,但因为善于利用后发优势,通过产学研的结合,充分考虑了地铁工程的多学科特性,走出一条有波多黎各特色的道路,成为美国和国际公共交通领域技术交流的典范。主要介绍了其产学研的项目,它... 详细信息

波多黎各于20世纪90年代初才开始发展城市轨道交通,但因为善于利用后发优势,通过产学研的结合,充分考虑了地铁工程的多学科特性,走出一条有波多黎各特色的道路,成为美国和国际公共交通领域技术交流的典范。主要介绍了其产学研的项目,它由负责地铁项目的政府主管部门、波多黎各大学和美国麻省理工学院共同组织实施,历经地铁前期规划、修建、调试、运营和政策分析等全部过程,共13年的时间。这种方式提高了工程的质量和施工效率,推动当地轨道交通辅助产业的发展,加快了新技术的应用及研究,培养了一大批轨道交通的规划运营人才,为拉丁美洲城市轨道交通建设提供了一个新模式。波多黎各的经验对于我国当前的城市轨道交通建设同样具有借鉴意义。

关键词：波多黎各轨道交通产学研

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