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Revealing interfacial charge redistribution of homologous Ru-RuS_(2) heterostructure toward robust hydrogen oxidation reaction

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 332-339页

作者： Yi Liu Lianrui cheng Shuqing Zhou Yuting Yang chenggong Niu Tayirjan taylor Isimjan Bao Wang Xiulin Yang guangxi Key Laboratory of Low carbon Energy Materials School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541004GuangxiChina State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Saudi Arabia Basic Industries corporation(SABIc)at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia

Precisely tailoring the surface electronic structures of electrocatalysts for optimal hydrogen binding energy and hydroxide binding energy is vital to improve the sluggish kinetics of hydrogen oxidation reac-tion(HOR).Herein,we employ a partial desulfurization strategy to construct a homologous Ru-RuS_(2) heterostructure anchored on hollow mesoporous carbon nanospheres(Ru-RuS_(2)@c).The disparate work functions of the heterostructure contribute to the spontaneous formation of a unique built-in electric field,accelerating charge transfer and boosting conductivity of ***,Ru-RuS_(2)@c exhibits robust HOR electrocatalytic activity,achieving an exchange current density and mass activity as high as 3.56 mA cm^(-2) and 2.13 mAμg_(Ru)^(-1),*** those of state-of-the-art Pt/c and most contemporary Ru-based HOR ***,Ru-RuS_(2)@c can tolerate 1000 ppm of cO that lacks in Pt/*** analysis reveals that the directional electron transfer across Ru-RuS_(2) heterointerface induces local charge redistribution in interfacial region,which optimizes and balances the adsorption energies of H and OH species,as well as lowers the energy barrier for water formation,thereby promoting theHoR performance.

关键词： Heterostructure Hollow spherical structure Hydrogen oxidation reaction charge redistribution Density functional calculation

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ground-based and additional science support for SMILE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.carter M.Dunlop c.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.Donovon A.Kavanagh S.E.Milan T.Sergienko R.c.Fear D.g.Sibeck M.connors T.Yeoman X.Tan M.g.g.T.taylor K.McWilliams J.gjerloev R.Barnes D.D.Billet g.chisham A.Dimmock M.P.Freeman D.-S.Han M.D.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu M.K.James L.Juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg M.Lester J.Manuel J.Matzka I.Mccrea Y.Miyoshi J.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun M.-T.Walach B.Walsh c.Wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space Environment Monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China Department of Space and climate Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK goddard Space Flight center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada ESTEc European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji University Shanghai 200092China center for Space Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of china Shanghai 200136China Finnish Meteorological Institute(FMI) Finland Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences(geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany canadian Space Agency MontrealCanada gFZ german Research centre for geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European Space Agency and chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere *** these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SMILE ***,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SMILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SMILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the ground-based and Additional Science Working group,is facilitating these *** include constructing an online SMILE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SMILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation SMILE conjunctions missions

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构筑富含磷空位缺陷的磷化钯催化剂实现高效和抗cO毒化的碱性氢氧化反应

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chinese Journal of catalysis 2024年第1期56卷 176-187页

作者：杨玉婷石路岩梁沁睿刘奕董家新 Tayirjan taylor Isimjan 王宝杨秀林广西师范大学化学与药学学院广西低碳能源材料重点实验室中国广西桂林541004 中山大学环境科学与工程学院中国广东广州510275 中国科学院过程工程研究所生化工程国家重点实验室中国北京100190 阿卜杜拉国王科技大学的沙特阿拉伯基础工业公司图瓦勒沙特阿拉伯

碱性阴离子交换膜燃料电池(AEMFcs)可以直接将氢的化学能转化为电能,被认为是新兴绿色氢经济的基石技术.但其阳极氢氧化反应(HOR)动力学缓慢,严重依赖于Pt基催化剂.由于Pt基催化剂极易被cO毒化、动力学过程复杂以及价格昂贵,极大限制了... 详细信息

碱性阴离子交换膜燃料电池(AEMFcs)可以直接将氢的化学能转化为电能,被认为是新兴绿色氢经济的基石技术.但其阳极氢氧化反应(HOR)动力学缓慢,严重依赖于Pt基催化剂.由于Pt基催化剂极易被cO毒化、动力学过程复杂以及价格昂贵,极大限制了其商业化应用.因此,亟需开发高效、稳定和抗cO毒化能力强的新型HOR催化剂.Pd具有与Pt相似的氢键结合能,并且比Pt储量丰富,有望成为实现HOR的候选催化剂.然而,Pd的本征催化活性和Pt相比仍有很大差距.近年来,磷化钯因具有功能多样性和高催化活性被广泛关注.此外,缺陷工程可以有效调控催化剂的表面结构,改善中间体的吸附强度,提高催化剂的催化活性.因此,构建富含缺陷的磷化钯催化剂有望提高其HOR的性能.然而,该方向研究较少,反应机理尚不清楚.因此,阐明空位缺陷对于提高磷化钯催化剂HOR性能的作用机制,对促进AEMFcs电催化反应具有重要意义.本文通过溶胶-凝胶法以及低温磷化策略合成了一种碗状半球结构的富含磷空位Pd3P@c(V_(p)-Pd_(3)P@c)催化剂,并用于碱性HOR.在磷化过程中,通过调整Pd前驱体和磷源比例以及煅烧温度,在碳碗状半球载体上合成具有不同晶相组成(Pd/Pd_(3)P@c,Pd_(3.20)P_(12)@c,Pd_(3)P@c,和Pd_(5)P_(2)@c)的Pd_(x)P_(y)@c催化剂.扫描电镜和透射电镜证实了催化剂为碗状半球形貌.利用电子顺磁共振波谱研究了Pd_(x)P_(y)@c催化剂的磷空位浓度,结果表明,Pd/P比例为1:3时,在350℃下煅烧得到的Vp-Pd_(3)P@c具有最高的磷空位浓度.X射线光电子能谱证实了磷空位促进了d-p轨道杂化,增强了Pd和磷之间的电子相互作用.电化学测试结果表明,Vp-Pd_(3)P@c具有最高的HOR性能,Vp-Pd_(3)P@c在50 mV的质量活性为1.66 mAμg_(Pd)^(–1),交换电流密度为3.2 mA cm^(–2),优于Pd3P(0.45 mAμg_(Pd)^(-1),1.78 mA cm^(–2))和商业Pt/c(0.3 mAμg_(Pd)^(-1),2.29 mA cm^(–2)).同时,该催化剂在50 mV的电位下能稳定运行20 h.此外,即使在cO浓度高达1000 ppm时,Vp-Pd_(3)P@c催化剂仍表现出较好的HOR活性.紫外光电子能谱证实了Vp-Pd_(3)P@c中的Pd原子呈现缺电子状态,这不利于Pd 4d轨道对cO 2π^(*)轨道的电子反馈,降低了Pd和cO的键合强度,进而减弱了Pd对cO分子的吸附,从而增强了其抗cO中毒的能力.密度泛函理论计算结果表明,相较于磷空位浓度较少的Pd_(3)P@c催化剂,富含磷空位缺陷的Vp-Pd_(3)P@c催化剂能够优化和平衡反应中间体(Hads和OHads)的吸附强度,使速率决定步骤从H_(2)O^(*)的解吸转换到H_(2)O的形成,促进了Volmer反应(Hads+OHads→H_(2)O+2^(*)sites)的进行,进而提升了催化活性.系统实验和表征结果表明,Vp-Pd_(3)P@c较好的HOR性能可归因于以下3个因素:(1)空心碗状结构大大地增加了固-液-气三相接触点,加速了HOR的传质过程;(2)磷空位产生的局部反应活性和有利的电子结构优化了Hads和OHads的吸附强度,极大地促进了Volmer步骤;(3)丰富的磷空位打破了原有的周期性晶体结构,形成了新的电子结构,有效地抑制了电子从Pd 4d轨道到cO 2π^(*)轨道的反馈,提高了Vp-Pd_(3)P@c对cO的耐受能力.综上,本文通过缺陷工程策略调控了Vp-Pd_(3)P@c中活性位点与HOR关键中间体的相互作用,明确了空位缺陷浓度与HOR活性之间的构效关系.并从碱性HOR反应机理,cO分子与金属催化剂的轨道相互作用以及结构设计三个方面总结了高效和稳定的HOR催化剂的设计原则.目前,由于界面环境的复杂性和缺乏原位技术,催化剂表面上痕量中间体的光谱信息难以获得,未来可在开发原位技术监测HOR过程中间体和催化剂的组分变化方面做出更多的努力,以促进AEMFcs的商业化应用.

关键词：氢氧化反应 cO耐受性磷空位 V_(p)-Pd_(3)P@c 碗状半球

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genome and clonal hematopoiesis stability contrasts with immune,cfDNA,mitochondrial,and telomere length changes during short duration spaceflight

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Precision clinical Medicine 2024年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： J.Sebastian garcia-Medina Karolina Sienkiewicz S.Anand Narayanan Eliah g.Overbey Kirill grigorev Krista A.Ryon Marissa Burke Jacqueline Proszynski Braden Tierney caleb M.Schmidt Nuria Mencia-Trinchant Remi Klotz Veronica Ortiz Jonathan Foox christopher chin Deena Najjar Irina Matei Irenaeus chan carlos cruchaga Ashley Kleinman JangKeun Kim Alexander Lucaci conor Loy Omary Mzava Iwijn De Vlaminck Anvita Singaraju Lynn E.taylor Julian c.Schmidt Michael A.Schmidt Kelly Blease Juan Moreno Andrew Boddicker Junhua Zhao Bryan Lajoie Andrew Altomare Semyon Kruglyak Shawn Levy Min Yu Duane c.Hassane Susan M.Bailey Kelly Bolton Jaime Mateus christopher E.Mason Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for computational Biomedicine Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Immunology Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Stem cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033USA Space Exploration Technologies corporation HawthomeCA 90250USA Sovaris Aerospace BoulderCO 80302USA Advanced Pattern Analysis&Human Performance group BoulderCO 80302USA children's cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental BiologyDrukier Institute for Children's HealthMeyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Meyer cancer center Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065USA Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306USA Department of Systems Engineering Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Element Biosciences San DiegoCA 10055USA Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA cell and Molecular Biology Program Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA BioAstra Inc New YorkNYUSA Washington University St Louis Oncology Division St.LouisMO 63100USA Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute Weill Cornell MedicineNY 10021USA WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA

Background The Inspiration4(I4)mission,the first all-civilian orbital flight mission,investigated the physiological effects of short-duration spaceflight through a multi-omic *** advances,there remains much to learn about human adaptation to spaceflight's unique challenges,including microgravity,immune system perturbations,and radiation *** To provide a detailed genetics analysis of the mission,we collected dried blood spots pre-,during,and post-flight for DNA *** length was measured by quantitative PcR,while whole genome and cfDNA sequencing provided insight into genomic stability and immune adaptations.A robust bioinformatic pipeline was used for data analysis,including variant calling to assess mutational *** Telomere elongation occurred during spaceflight and shortened after return to ***-free DNA analysis revealed increased immune cell signatures *** significant clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential(cHIP)or whole-genome instability was *** long-term gene expression changes across immune cells suggested cellular adaptations to the space environment persisting months *** Our findings provide valuable insights into the physiological consequences of short-duration spaceflight,with telomere dynamics and immune cell gene expression adapting to spaceflight and persisting after return to *** sequencing data will serve as a reference point for studying the early development of cHIP in astronauts,an understudied phenomenon as previous studies have focused on career *** study will serve as a reference point for future commercial and non-commercial spaceflight,low Earth orbit(LEO)missions,and deep-space exploration.

关键词： genomes clonal hematopoiesis stability immune mitochondria ribosomes spaceflight

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In situ selective laser gas nitriding for composite TiN/Ti-6Al-4V fabrication via laser powder bed fusion

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第10期42卷 98-107页

作者： P.A.Morton H.c.taylor L.E.Murr O.g.Delgado c.A.Terrazas R.B.Wicker W.M.Keck center for 3D Innovation The University of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTX79968USA Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at El PasoTX 79968USA Department of Metallurgical Materials and Biomedical EngineeringThe University of Texas at El PasoTX 79968USA

Laser-assisted gas nitriding of selective Ti-6Al-4V surfaces has been achieved during laser powder bed fusion fabrication by exchanging the argon build gas environment with *** variation of processing parameters allowed microdendritic Ti N surface coatings to be formed having thicknesses ranging from a few tens of microns to several hundred microns,with TiN dendrite microstructure volume fractions ranging from 0.6 to 0.75;and corresponding Vickers microindentation hardness values ranging from^7.5 gPa–9.5 *** TiN hard layers ranging from 50μm to 150μm thick were also fabricated in the laser-beam additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy producing prototype,hybrid,planar composites having alternating,ductile Ti-6Al-4V layers with a hardness of^4.5 gPa and a stiff,TiN layer with a hardness of^8.5 *** results demonstrate prospects for fabricating novel,additively manufactured components having selective,hard,wear and corrosion resistant coatings along with periodic,planar or complex metal matrix composite regimes exhibiting superior toughness and related mechanical properties.

关键词： Ti-6Al-4V TiN ceramic coatings and embedded layers Dendritic microstructures Selective laser melting Additive manufacturing Metal matrix composites Selective nitriding

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Impact of carbon-based nutrient enhancement on biofiltration performance for drinking water treatment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第8期31卷 124-131页

作者： Yu Zhao Liz taylor-Edmonds Robert c.Andrews Department of civil and Mineral Engineering University of Toronto

Incorporation of a carbon-based nutrient enhancementstrategy for drinking water biofiltration is an attractive option, especially for source waters which contain recalcitrant organics. This study compared biofilters that were operated in parallel and individually enhanced with amino acids(including alanine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan), inulin, and sucrose to increase biomass concentration and promote biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon(DOc) in the source water, including disinfection by-product(DBP) precursors. Biomass activity was characterized by measuring adenosine tri-phosphate(ATP), dissolved oxygen(DO) consumption, and through the use of laccase and esterase enzyme assays. Performance was evaluated in terms of headloss,turbidity, p H, DOc, UV254, and DBP formation potential(DBP FP). The introduction of carbonbased nutrients significantly increased biomass activity, where ATP values peaked at 976 ng/g of filter media, 853 ng/g, and 513 ng/g for amino acids, inulin, and sucrose-spiked biofilters,respectively, while a non-spiked control only reached 104 ng/g. DO utilization by the enhanced biofilters was significantly higher than the control, with a strong correlation between ATP and DO uptake observed for all filters(R^2> 0.74). Laccase and esterase enzyme activities of enhanced biofilters were also elevated(p > 0.05), suggesting greater biodegradation potential. Operational parameters such as headloss development and turbidity control were not impaired by carbon supplementation strategies or an increase in biomass concentration and activity. However, the enhancement strategy did not provide improvement in terms of source water carbon removal(DOc and UV254) or DBP FP when treated filters were compared to a control.

关键词： Biological filtration carbon enhancement Biomass Disinfection by-products Dissolved organic carbon

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Magnetospheric Boundary Layer Structure and Dynamics as Seen From cluster and Double Star Measurements

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空间科学学报 2013年第6期33卷 577-603页

作者： Y V Bogdanova c J Owen M W Dunlop M g g T taylor A N Fazakerley Space Science and Technology Department RALChiltonDidcotOxfordshireOX11 0QXUK Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH5 6NTUK Science and Robotic Exploration Directorate ESA/ESTECNoordwijkThe Netherlands

In this review,we discuss the structure and dynamics of the magnetospheric LowLatitude Boundary Layer(LLBL)based on recent results from multi-satellite missions cluster and Double *** boundary layer,adjacent to the magnetopause on the magnetospheric side,usually consists of a mixture of plasma of magnetospheric and magnetosheath origins,and plays an important role in the transfer of mass and energy from the solar wind into the magnetosphere and subsequent magnetospheric *** southward Interplanetary Magnetic Field(IMF)conditions,this boundary layer is generally considered to be formed as a result of the reconnection process between the IMF and magnetospheric magnetic field lines at the dayside magnetopause,and the structure and plasma properties inside the LLBL can be understood in terms of the time history since the reconnection *** northward IMF conditions,the LLBL is usually thicker,and has more complex structure and *** observations confirm that the LLBL observed at the dayside can be formed by single lobe reconnection,dual lobe reconnection,or by sequential dual lobe reconnection,as well as partially by localized cross-field *** LLBL magnetic topology and plasma signatures inside the different sub-layers formed by these processes are discussed in this *** role of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in the formation of the LLBL at the flank magnetopause is also ***,we conclude that the LLBL observed at the flanks can be formed by the combination of processes,(dual)lobe reconnection and plasma mixing due to non-linear Kelvin-Helmholtz waves.

关键词：边界层结构磁层顶双星群集国际货币基金组织等离子体特性测量拓扑结构

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Drug therapy for heart failure in older patients —what do they want？

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Journal of geriatric cardiology 2015年第2期12卷 165-173页

作者： Donah Zachariah Jacqueline taylor nigel Rowell clare Spooner Paul R Kalra Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust Portsmouth P06 3L Y UK glasgow Royal Infirmary Glasgow G40SF UK South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust TS4 3BW UK Servier Laboratories Ltd SL3 6P J UK

chronic heart failure （cHF） is predominantly seen in older patients, and therefore real life medicine often requires the extrapolation of findings from trials conducted in much younger populations. Prescribing patterns and potential benefits in the elderly are heavily influenced by polypharmacy and co-morbid pathologies. Increasing longevity may become less relevant in the frail elderly, whereas improving quality of life （QoL） often becomes priority; the onus being on improving wellbeing, maintaining independence for longer, and delaying institution- alisation. Specific studies evaluating elderly patients with cHF are lacking and little is known regarding the tolerability and side-effect profile of evidence based drug therapies in this population. There has been recent interest on the impact of heart rate in patients with symptomatic cHF. Ivabradine, with selective heart rate lowering capabilities, is of benefit in patients with cHF and left ventricular systolic dysfunction in sinus rhythm, resulting in reduction of heart failure hospitalisation and cardiovascular death. This manuscript will focus on cHF and the older patient and will discuss the impact of heart rate, drug therapies and tolerability. It will also highlight the tmmet need for specific studies that focus on patient-centred study end points rather than mortality targets that characterise most therapeutic trials. An on-going study evalu- ating the impact of ivabradine on QoL that presents a unique opportunity to evaluate the tolerability and impact of an established therapy on a wide range of real life, older patients with cHF will be discussed.

关键词： Heart failure Heart rate Quality of life The elderly

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code modernization and modularization of APEX and SWAT watershed simulation models

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第3期8卷 81-94页

作者： Robin A.J.taylor Jaehak Jeong Michael White Jeffrey g.Arnold Blackland Research&Extension center Texas A&M AgriLife ResearchTempleTexas 76502USA grassland Soil&Water Research Laboratory USDA-ARS TempleTexas 76502USA

SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)and APEX(Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender)are respectively large and small watershed simulation models derived from EPIc(Environmental Policy Integrated climate),a field-scale agroecology simulation *** three models are coded in Fortran and have evolved over several *** are widely used to analyze anthropogenic influences on soil and water quality and *** of the original Fortran code has been retained even though Fortran has been through several cycles of *** now provides functionality originally restricted to languages like c,designed to communicate directly with the operating system and *** can now use an object-oriented style of programming in Fortran,including inheritance,run-time polymorphism and *** order to enhance their utility in research and policy-making,the models are undergoing a major revision to use some of the new Fortran *** these new programming paradigms the developers of SWAT,APEX,and EPIc are working to make communication between the two models *** paper describes the ongoing revision of these models that will make them easier to use,maintain,modify and *** is intended that they will converge as they continue to evolution,while maintaining their distinctive features,capabilities and identities.

关键词： code modernization modularization object-oriented programming Fortran 2008 landscape-scale models APEX EPIc SWAT

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Modulating arousal to overcome gait impairments in Parkinson’s disease:how the noradrenergic system may act as a double-edged sword

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2023年第1期12卷 666-676页

作者： Anouk Tosserams Bastiaan R.Bloem Kaylena A.Ehgoetz Martens Rick c.Helmich Roy P.c.Kessels James M.Shine Natasha L.taylor gabriel Wainstein Simon J.g.Lewis Jorik Nonnekes Department of Neurology Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement DisordersRadboud University Medical CentreDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourNijmegenThe Netherlands Department of Rehabilitation Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement DisordersRadboud University Medical CentreDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourPO Box 91016500 HB NijmegenThe Netherlands Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences University of WaterlooWaterlooONCanada Department of Neuropsychology and Rehabilitation Psychology Donders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer center Radboud University Medical CentreDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourNijmegenThe Netherlands Vincent Van gogh Institute for Psychiatry VenrayThe Netherlands Klimmendaal Rehabili-tation center ArnhemThe Netherlands Brain and Mind centre Parkinson’s Disease Research ClinicSchool of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia centre for complex Systems The University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia Department of Rehabilitation Sint MaartenskliniekNijmegenThe Netherlands.

In stressful or anxiety-provoking situations,most people with Parkinson’s disease(PD)experience a general worsening of motor symptoms,including their gait ***,a proportion of patients actually report benefits from experiencing-or even purposely inducing-stressful or high-arousal *** data from a large-scale international survey study among 4324 people with PD and gait impairments within the online Fox Insight(USA)and ParkinsonNEXT(NL)cohorts,we demonstrate that individuals with PD deploy an array of mental state alteration strategies to cope with their gait ***,these strategies differ along an axis of arousal-some act to heighten,whereas others diminish,overall sympathetic ***,our observations suggest that arousal may act as a double-edged sword for gait control in *** propose a theoretical,neurobiological framework to explain why heightened arousal can have detrimental effects on the occurrence and severity of gait impairments in some individuals,while alleviating them in ***,we postulate that this seemingly contradictory phenomenon is explained by the inherent features of the ascending arousal system:namely,that arousal is related to task performance by an inverted u-shaped curve(the so-called Yerkes and Dodson relationship).We propose that the noradrenergic locus coeruleus plays an important role in modulating PD symptom severity and expression,by regulating arousal and by mediating network-level functional integration across the *** ability of the locus coeruleus to facilitate dynamic‘cross-talk’between distinct,otherwise largely segregated brain regions may facilitate the necessary cerebral compensation for gait impairments in *** the presence of suboptimal arousal,compensatory networks may be too segregated to allow for adequate ***,with supraoptimal arousal,increased cross-talk between competing inputs of these complementary networks may emerge and become dysf

关键词： Arousal gait Parkinson’s disease Freezing of gait Locus coeruleus

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