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评估大气细颗粒物暴露引起的全球疾病负担的一个综合风险函数

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环境与职业医学 2014年第11期31卷 898-903页

作者： Richard T.Burnett C.Arden Pope III Majid Ezzati Casey Olives Stephen S.Lim Sumi Mehta Hwashin H.Shin gitanjali Singh Bryan Hubbell Michael Brauer H.Ross Anderson Kirk R.Smith John R.Balmes nigel g.bruce Haidong Kan Francine Laden Annette Prüss-Ustün Michelle C.Turner Susan M.gapstur W.Ryan Diver Aaron Cohen 何蓉张伊人金泰廙 Health Canada OttawaOntarioCanada Brigham Young University MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health School of Public HealthImperial College London School of Public Health University of Washington Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves Harvard School of Public Health Harvard University U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park School of Population and Public Health University of British ColombiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health King’s College London University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA School of Medicine University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA School of Medicine University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA Department of Public Health and Policy University of Liverpool School of Public Health Fudan University Exposure Epidemiologyand Risk ProgramDepartment of Environmental HealthHarvard School of Public Health World Health Organization Institute of Population Health University of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada American Cancer Society AtlantaGeorgiaUSA Health Effects Institute BostonMassachusettsUSA

[背景]评估由于环境空气中细颗粒物（PM2.5）长期暴露引起的疾病负担,需要了解相对风险度（RR）函数的图形和幅度。然而,在世界上很多观察到高PM2.5环境浓度的地方,都缺乏足够的直接证据确定死亡RR函数的图形。[目的]建立可用于全球PM2.... 详细信息

[背景]评估由于环境空气中细颗粒物（PM2.5）长期暴露引起的疾病负担,需要了解相对风险度（RR）函数的图形和幅度。然而,在世界上很多观察到高PM2.5环境浓度的地方,都缺乏足够的直接证据确定死亡RR函数的图形。[目的]建立可用于全球PM2.5暴露范围内成人死因的RR函数：缺血性心脏病（IHD）、脑血管疾病（脑卒中）、慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）和肺癌（LC）。建立急性下呼吸道感染（ALRI）发病的RR函数,用于估算〈5岁的儿童中死亡率和健康生活损失年数。[方法]通过整合现有的来自于环境空气污染（AAP）、二手烟草烟雾、家用固体烹饪用燃料和主动吸烟（AS）等研究的RR信息,拟合综合暴露-反应（IER）模型。采用颗粒物质的吸入剂量,通过转化AS暴露来估计全年PM2.5的暴露当量。在估算全球环境PM2.5浓度的基础上,得出各国的人群归因分数（PAFs）。[结果]与以往负担评估中使用的其他7种模型相比,IER模型是一种优越的RR预测方法。在不同国家中,归因于AAP暴露的PAF百分数各不相同,分别为：IHD,2~41;脑卒中,1~43;COPD,〈1~21;LC,〈1~25;ALRI,〈1~38。[结论]我们建立了一种以细颗粒物为基础的RR模型,它通过整合来自不同类型的燃烧所产生颗粒物排放的RR信息,涵盖全球范围的暴露。当获得新的RR信息时,可以对这个模型进行更新。

关键词：细颗粒物环境空气污染风险函数全球疾病负担相对风险慢性阻塞性肺病全球环境缺血性心脏病颗粒物质烟草烟雾

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The effect of volume change and stack pressure on solid-state battery cathodes

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SusMat 2023年第5期3卷 721-728页

作者： Boyang Liu Shengda DPu Christopher Doerrer Dominic Spencer Jolly Robert A.House Dominic L.R.Melvin Paul Adamson Patrick S.grant Xiangwen gao Peter g.bruce Department of Materials University of OxfordOxfordUK The Faraday Institution DidcotUK The Henry Royce Institute University of OxfordOxfordUK Future Battery Research Center Global Institute of Future TechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Chemistry University of OxfordOxfordUK

Solid-state lithium batteries may provide increased energy density and improved safety compared with Li-ion ***,in a solid-state composite cathode,mechanical degradation due to repeated cathode volume changes during cycling may occur,whichmay be partially mitigated by applying a significant,but often impractical,uniaxial stack ***,we compare the behavior of composite electrodes based on Li4Ti5O12(LTO)(negligible volume change)and Nb2O5(+4%expansion)cycled at different stack *** initial LTO capacity and retention are not affected by pressure but for Nb2O5,they are significantly lower when a stack pressure ofg and solid-solid contact loss because of cyclic volume *** confirms the importance of cathode mechanical stability and the stack pressures for long-term cyclability for solid-state *** suggests that low volumechange cathode materials or a proper buffer layer are required for solid-state batteries,especially at low stack pressures.

关键词： cathode interface mechanical degradation stack pressure solid-state battery

Nanostructured TiO2(B):the effect of size and shape on anode properties for Li-ion batteries

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2013年第3期23卷 235-244页

作者： Zheng Liu Yuri g.Andreev A.Robert Armstrong Sergio Brutti Yu Ren Peter g.bruce School of Chemistry and EaStChem University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFife KY16 9STUK Dipartimento di Scienze Unversità della BasilicataV.le Ateneo Lucano 10Potenza 85100Italy National Institute of Clean-and-low-carbon Energy(NICE) Future Science& Technology CityChangping

Reducing the dimensions of electrode materials from the micron to the nanoscale can have a profound influence on their properties and hence on the performance of electrochemical devices,***-ion batteries,that employ such ***2(B) has received growing interest as a possible anode for Li-ion batteries in recent *** offers the possibility of higher energy storage compared with the commercialized ***,nanowire,nanotube,and nanoparticle morphologies have been prepared and ***,to date these materials have not be compared in one *** the current review we first summarize the different synthesis methods for the preparation of nanostructured TiO2(B);then present the effects of size and shape on the electrochemical *** TiO2(B) with nanometer dimensions exhibit a higher capacity to store Li,regardless of rate,due to structural distortions inherent at the nanoscale.

关键词： TiO2(B) Synthesis Anode Nanostructure Li-ion batteries

评估大气细颗粒物暴露所致全球疾病负担的一个综合风险函数

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环境与职业医学 2014年第7期31卷 554-554页

作者： Richard T.Burnett C.Arden Pope Ⅲ Majid Ezzati Casey Olives Stephen S.Lim Sumi Mehta Hwashin H.Shin gitanjali Singh Bryan Hubbell Michael Brauer H.Ross erson Kirk R.Smith John R.Balmes nigel g.bruce Haidong Kan Francine Laden Annette Prüss-Ustün Michelle C.Turner Susan M.gapstur W.Ryan Diver Aaron Cohen

[背景]评估归因于环境空气中细颗粒物（PM2.5）长期暴露所致的疾病负担，需要具备相对风险（RR）函数形状和幅度两方面的知识。然而，在世界上很多观察到高PM2.5环境浓度的地方，都缺乏足够的直接证据确定死亡率RR函数的形状。

关键词：大气细颗粒物疾病负担相对风险函数评估 PM2 5 长期暴露环境空气

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Structural factor that affect lithium intercalation capability in layered LixNiO2

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Structural factor that affect lithium intercalation capabili...

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cold Metal Transfer Welding Similar and Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys

11th Conference on Solid State Chemistry and Inorganic Synthesis Joint with 2th Dalton Transactions International Symposium

作者： Peter g.bruce School of Chemistry University of St.AndrewsSt.AndrewsFife KY16 9STU.K.

Layered compounds with the composition LiMO have been explored as lithium ion battery cathodes for a number of years,*** and *** electrodes operate by deintercalation and the reinsertion of *** it is also possible to ... 详细信息

关键词： Structural factor that affect lithium intercalation capability in layered LixNiO2

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2015年第6期28卷 715-724页

作者： Ahmed Elrefaey nigel g.Ross LKR Leichtmetallkompetenzzentrum Ranshofen gmbH Austrian Institute of Technology

Integrating structures made from aluminum alloys in automotive industry requires a large amount of joining. As a consequence, the properties of the joints have a significant influence on the overall performance of the whole structure. Robot cold metal transfer welding is a relatively new joining technique and has been used in this work to join 6082-T4 and 5182-O aluminum alloy sheets by using ER5356 and ER4043 filler metals. Microstructure characterization was performed by optical microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and the mechanical properties were measured by tensile and hardness tests. A correlation is made between welding variables, mechanical properties and the microstructure of welded joints. Results indicate that robot cold metal transfer welding provides good joint efficiency with high welding speed, good tensile strength, and ductility. Owing to the low heat input of robot cold metal transfer welding process, the heat affected zone microstructure was quite similar to base metals, and weld metal microstructure was the controlling factor of joint efficiency. The best performing were the 5182/5182 joints welded with ER5356 and these had mechanical property coefficients of 100%, 98%, and 85% for yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation, respectively.

关键词： Aluminum CMT Welding Microstructure Tensile property

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genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis of Barley Landraces from Shanghai Region Using genotyping-by-Sequencing

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第4期92卷 1275-1287页

作者： Luli Li nigel g.Halford Huihui Wang Yingjie Zong Zhenzhu guo Ruiju Lu Chenghong Liu Zhiwei Chen Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural genetics and Breeding Biotechnology Research InstituteShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai201106China College of Fisheries and Life Science Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai201306China Rothamsted Research HarpendenAL52JQUK Qingdao OE Biotechnology Company Limited Qingdao266100China

Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)is an important economic crop for food,feed and industrial raw *** the present research,112 barley landraces from the Shanghai region were genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing(gBS),and the genetic diversity and population structure were *** results showed that 210,268 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms(SNPs)were present in total,and the average poly-morphism information content(PIC)was *** diversity and population structure analyses suggested that these barley landraces were differentiated and could be divided into three sub-groups,with morphological traits of row-type and adherence of the hulls the main distinguishing factors between *** with similar or duplicated names were also investigated according to their genetic backgrounds and seed *** study provided valuable information on barley landraces from the Shanghai region,and showed that all these barley landraces should be protected and used for future breeding programs.

关键词： Hordeum vulgare L cluster analysis population structure SNP markers

Mapping groundwater dependent ecosystem potential in a semi-arid environment using aremote sensing-based multiple-lines-of-evidence approach

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 375-406页

作者： Stephen g.Fildes Tanya M.Doody David bruce Ian F.Clark Okke Batelaan UniSA STEM University of South AustraliaAdelaideAustralia CSIRO Land and WaterAdelaideAustralia National Centre for groundwater Research and Training(NCgRT) College of Science and EngineeringFlinders UniversityBedford ParkAustralia

groundwater dependent ecosystems(gDEs)are vulnerable to groundwater regime ***,their protection is often hampered by challenges in their *** is presented a remote sensing-based gDE potential mapping approach based on the persistency of relevant vegetation parameters during prolonged dry periods as an indicator of potential‘consistency’of water supply(***).The study uses a novel approach to characterising persistency for selected vegetation parameters based on a normalised difference measure and an adaptation of the coefficient of variation *** of parameters was facilitated through the analytic hierarchy process providing a structured weighting approach to minimise parameter *** approach is demonstrated in the semi-arid Flinders Ranges of South Australia where new groundwater resources are being sought to support local domestic and industry *** in gDE potential were mapped to better target areas where exploration of groundwater should be *** results indicated a high-level of agreement of 77%with an independent springs dataset,along with an 87%agreement with areas coinciding with known phreatophyte species and depths to *** index-based mapping approach has potential applicability across landscapes,as it normalises for variations in vegetation cover,minimises technical overheads,and employs continental-wide remote sensing data-products.

关键词： coefficient of variation NDVI coefficient of variation fractional cover barest Earth wetness percentiles actual evapotranspiration analytic hierarchy process groundwater potential

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介孔过渡金属氧化物催化脱除环境污染物

介孔过渡金属氧化物催化脱除环境污染物