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Genetic variables of the glutamatergic system associated with treatment-resistant depression:A review of the literature

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第7期12卷 884-896页

作者： Estela Saez Leire Erkoreka Teresa Moreno-Calle Belen Berjano Ana Gonzalez-Pinto nieves basterreche Aurora Arrue Department of Psychiatry Barrualde-Galdakao Integrated Health OrganizationOsakidetza-Basque Health ServiceGaldakao 48960Spain Mental Health Network Group Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research InstituteBarakaldo 48903Spain Department of Neurosciences University of the Basque Country UPV/EHULeioa 48940Spain Department of Psychiatry Araba Integrated Health OrganizationOsakidetza-Basque Health ServiceCIBERSAMVitoria-Gasteiz 01004Spain Severe Mental Disorders Group Bioaraba Health Research InstituteVitoria-Gasteiz 01009Spain Zamudio Hospital Bizkaia Mental Health NetworkOsakidetza-Basque Health ServiceZamudio 48170Spain Integrative Research Group in Mental Health Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research InstituteBarakaldo 48903Spain Neurochemical Research Unit Bizkaia Mental Health NetworkOsakidetza-Basque Health ServiceBarakaldo 48903Spain

Depression is a common,recurrent mental disorder and one of the leading causes of disability and global burden of disease *** to 15%-40%of cases do not respond to diverse pharmacological treatments and,thus,can be defined as treatment-resistant depression(TRD).The development of biomarkers predictive of drug response could guide us towards personalized and earlier *** evidence points to the involvement of the glutamatergic system in the pathogenesis of ***,the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor(NMDAR)andα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor(AMPAR),which are targeted by ketamine and esketamine,are proposed as promising pathways.A literature search was performed to identify studies on the genetics of the glutamatergic system in depression,focused on variables related to NMDARs and *** review highlights GRIN2B,which encodes the NR2B subunit of NMDAR,as a candidate gene in the pathogenesis of *** addition,several studies have associated genes encoding AMPAR subunits with symptomatic severity and suicidal *** genes encoding glutamatergic receptors could,therefore,be candidate genes for understanding the etiopathogenesis of TRD,as well as for understanding the pharmacodynamic mechanisms and response to ketamine and esketamine treatment.

关键词： Genetics N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor Treatment-resistant depression Ketamine Esketamine

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Genetics of adult attachment:An updated review of the literature

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第9期11卷 530-542页

作者： Leire Erkoreka Mercedes Zumarraga Aurora Arrue M Isabel Zamalloa Ainara Arnaiz Olga Olivas Teresa Moreno-Calle Estela Saez Jon Garcia Elena Marin Noemi Varela Ana Gonzalez-Pinto nieves basterreche Department of Psychiatry Galdakao-Usansolo HospitalOsakidetza Basque Health ServiceGaldakao 48960Spain Grupo Red de Salud Mental Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research InstituteBarakaldo 48903Spain Department of Neurosciences University of the Basque Country UPV/EHULeioa 48940Spain Department of Neurochemical Research Bizkaia Mental Health NetworkOsakidetza Basque Health ServiceBarakaldo 48903Spain Erandio Mental Health Center Bizkaia Mental Health NetworkOsakidetza Basque Health ServiceErandio 48950Spain Zaldibar Hospital Bizkaia Mental Health NetworkOsakidetza Basque Health ServiceZaldibar 48250Spain Zamudio Hospital Bizkaia Mental Health NetworkOsakidetza Basque Health ServiceZamudio 48170Spain Bermeo Hospital Bizkaia Mental Health NetworkOsakidetza Basque Health ServiceBermeo 48370Spain Department of Psychiatry BioAraba Research InstituteAraba University HospitalUniversity of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU)CIBERSAMVitoria-Gasteiz 01004Spain Grupo de investigacion integradora en Salud Mental Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research InstituteBarakaldo 48903Spain

Attachment style,which has been theorized to be rooted in childhood bonding experiences,influences adult cognitive,emotional and interpersonal *** its relationship with early experiences,research indicates that the continuity of attachment style across childhood and adulthood is only partial,being a malleable tendency that is shaped throughout development,with an increasing influence of genetics,as it occurs in other cognitive and behavioral *** research indicates that up to 45% of the variability in anxious and 39% in avoidant adult attachment style could be explained by genetic causes,but the precise mechanisms remain unclear.A narrative review is conducted analyzing the existing literature regarding the implication of candidate genes related to oxytocin,dopaminergic pathways,serotonergic pathways and brainderived neurotrophic factor in adult attachment,with both vulnerability and differential susceptibility approaches,yielding mixed *** highlight the lack of genome-wide studies and the scarcity of epigenetic *** on the existing data,we conclude that the genetics of adult attachment is an area that requires further research to clarify its etiological role and that it should be preferably approached as an interaction between nature and nurture.

关键词： Genetics Adult attachment Oxytocin Dopamine Serotonin Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Methylation

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