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Compliant Mechanism Synthesis by Using Elastic Similitude

Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2015年第4期28卷 769-775页

作者： HANKE Uwe HAMPEL Peter COMSA Andrei MODLER niels MODLER Karl-Heinz Institute of Solid Mechanics TU Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology TU Dresden 01307 Dresden Germany

Compliant mechanisms have several advantages, especially smaller number of elements and therefore less movable joints. The flexural members furthermore allow an integration of special functions like balancing or locking. Especially fiber reinforced materials exhibit a wide range of function integration considering their compliance in passive as well active applications. To take advantage of compliant elements in applications a robust synthesis tool is needed. The synthesis based on topology optimization method or the pseudo rigid body approach leads to complex structures. Considering the use of fiber reinforced material a synthesis approach which leads to less complex structures is more suitable. For building up simple structures, with only one cantilever beam as compliant element（B） a graphical approach using the elastic similitude is the most efficient method. A step-by-step synthesis procedure is presented to synthesize compliant mechanisms with rotatory joints（R） and prismatic joints（P） to develop RRB/PRB- and RPB-linkages. Using the elastic similitude to implement these results into a graphical synthesis algorithm is the innovation part of this paper. It can be shown that this approach leads to a comfortable handling of beam elements during the synthesis, where the two free parameters can be directly coupled to scale and fix the orientation of the beam element. This advantage inherently shortens the development process. In giving an example the focus lies of the experimental approach, which also shows that the simple BERNOULLI beam model is valid and so the synthesis by using the elastic similitude. The method is presented and discussed by using an application for a cup holder mechanism made of fiber reinforced material.

关键词： Compliant mechanism synthesis elastic similitude

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The neurobiology of sensing respiratory gases for the control of animal behavior

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Frontiers in Biology 2012年第3期7卷 246-253页

作者： Dengke K. MA niels RINGSTAD Department of Biology McGovern Institute for Brain Research MIT Cambridge MA 02139 USA. Department of Cell Biology and the Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Slarball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine New York University Langone Medical Center New York NY 10016 USA

Aerobic metabolism is fundamental for almost all animal life. Cellular consumption of oxygen （O2） and production of carbon dioxide （CO2） signal metabolic states and physiologic stresses. These respiratory gases are also detected as environmental cues that can signal external food quality and the presence of prey, predators and mates. In both contexts, animal nervous systems are endowed with mechanisms for sensing O2/CO2 to trigger appropriate behaviors and maintain homeostasis of internal O2/CO2. Although different animal species show different behavioral responses to O2/CO2, some underlying molecular mechanisms and pathways that function in the detection of respiratory gases are fundamentally similar and evolutionarily conserved. Studies of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster have identified roles for cyclic nucleotide signaling and the hypoxia inducible factor （HIF） transcriptional pathway in mediating behavioral responses to respiratory gases. Understanding how simple invertebrate nervous systems detect respiratory gases to control behavior might reveal general principles common to nematodes, insects and vertebrates that function in the molecular sensing of respiratory gases and the neural control of animal behaviors.

关键词： oxygen carbon dioxide C. elegans Drosophila respiratory gases animal behaviors

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Measurement of dynamic resistance in resistance spot welding

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China Welding 2007年第4期16卷 42-46页

作者：武佩吕佳珩 Wenqi Zhang niels Bay School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Huhhot 010018 SWANTEC Software and Engineering ApS Hoersholm DK-2970 Denmark Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Management Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Dk-2800 Denmark.

The conventional methods of determining the dynamic resistance were mostly done by measuring the voltage and current at secondary side of transformer in resistance welding machines, in which the measuring set-up normally interferes with the movement of electrode, and the measuring precision is influenced by inductive noise caused by the high welding current. In this study, the dynamic resistance is determined by measuring the voltage at primary side and current at secondary side. This increases the accuracy of measurement because of higher signal-noise ratio, and allows to apply to in-process system without any wires connected to electrodes.

关键词： resistance spot welding dynamic resistance contact resistance circuit analysis

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Hepatocellular carcinoma and food contamination: Ochratoxin A as a great prompter

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第24期19卷 3723-3725页

作者： Raphael JF Felizardo niels OS Cmara Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine Federal University of Sao PauloSao Paulo CEP 05508-900 Brazil Department of Immunology Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of S o PauloSao Paulo CEP 05508-900 Brazil

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a secondary metabolite of Asper-gillus and Penicillium, microorganisms that can be haz-ardous to health when present as food contaminants. OTA is a potent member of a group of mycotoxins. Prolonged exposure to mycotoxins in the diet is related to cancer, among other diseases. Hepatocellular car-cinoma (HCC) accounts for 70%-90% of primary liver cancers and is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In a recent study, Ibrahim et al proposed a correlation between the incidence of HCC and contamination with OTA. Analysis of OTA in serum samples showed that HCC patients had the highest incidence of OTA of the subjects examined (5-fold higher than that of the control group). OTA levels were significantly increased in HCC patients. This study demonstrates that chronic exposure to high levels of OTA may be associated with a high risk of liver cancer development. Future epidemiologic studies of HCC should focus on good practices in food preparation, food storage and the consumption of OTA-containing foods.

关键词： Ochratoxin A Mycotoxin Food contamination Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver cancer Egypt

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Institutional analysis of intra-and post-operative tracheostomy management for risk reduction

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第4期8卷 370-377页

作者： Laura E.Henry Ellen A.Paul Joshua H.Atkins niels D.Martin Ara A.Chalian Christopher H.Rassekh Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia19104PAUSA Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia19104PAUSA Department of Traumatology Surgical Critical Careand Emergency SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia19104PAUSA

Objectives:Determine variability in intra-and post-operative management of tracheostomies(trachs)at our institution as existing literature suggests that trachs are a frequent trigger for airway-related *** the development of an institution-wide protocols for trach ***:A 39-question online survey was sent to 55 providers who perform open and percutaneous trachs at three of the hospitals within our large,urban,academic medical *** providers were identified by surveillance of the operating room schedules for 1 ***:The survey was completed by 40 of the 53 eligible providers(75.5%).Response rate by question *** included members of all departments that perform trachs at our institution(Otorhinolaryngology,Trauma Surgery,Thoracic Surgery,General Surgery,Cardiovascular Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology).While most responses demonstrated uniformity in practice,notable variations included the following:80%of percutaneous trach providers stated that morbid obesity was not a contraindication to performing a trach outside of the operating room(n=20)while 58%of open trach providers stated that morbid obesity was a contraindication;only 35%of open trach providers perform a Bjork flap(n=350).The survey also identified significant variability in practice with regards to timing of trach suture ***:Lack of uniformity was identified in several practices related to intra-and post-operative tracheostomy *** did,however,trend toward consensus in many *** results are being used to establish a more consistent approach to tracheostomy management across our institution to ensure standardization of practice amidst the rapidly evolving practices of trach *** for practice:With ongoing evolution in the methods of trach placement and its management,the concepts put forth here will be a resource for health care providers at other institutions to consider intra-institutional analysis and

关键词： Open tracheostomy Percutaneous tracheostomy Quality improvement Risk reduction Standardization

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Modeling shoreline sand waves on the coasts of Namibia and Angola

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2013年第3期28卷 338-348页

作者： Francesca RIBAS Albert FALQUES niels VAN DEN BERG Miquel CABALLERIA Department of Applied Physics Universitat Politecnica de CatalunyaSpain

The southwestern（SW） coast of Africa（Namibia and Angola） features long sandy beaches and a wave climate dominated by energetic swells from the Southsouthwest（SSW）,therefore approaching the coast with a very high *** images reveal that along that coast there are many shoreline sand waves with wavelengths ranging from 2 to 8 km.A more detailed study,including a Fourier analysis of the shoreline position,yields the wavelengths（among this range） with the highest spectral density ***,it becomes apparent that at least some of the sand waves are dynamically active rather than being controlled by the geological setting.A morphodynamic model is used to test the hypothesis that these sand waves could emerge as free morphodynamic instabilities of the coastline due to the obliquity in wave *** is found that the period of the incident water waves,T;,is crucial to establish the tendency to stability or instability,instability increasing for decreasing period,whilst there is some discrepancy in the observed *** results for T;= 7-8 s clearly show the tendency for the coast to develop free sand waves at about 4 km wavelength within a few years,which migrate to the north at rates of 0.2-0.6 km yr;.For larger T;or steeper profiles,the coast is stable but sand waves originated by other mechanisms can propagate downdrift with little decay.

关键词： Shoreline evolution Shoreline sand waves High angle wave instability Longshore sediment transport

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Integrity of the hip capsule measured with magnetic resonance imaging after capsular repair or unrepaired capsulotomy in hip arthroscopy

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第4期13卷 400-407页

作者： niels H Bech Lode A van Dijk Sheryl de Waard Gwendolyn Vuurberg Inger N Sierevelt Gino MMJ Kerkhoffs Daniël Haverkamp Department of Orthopedic Surgery Amsterdam University Medical CenterAmsterdam 1105 AZNetherlands Department of Orthopedic Surgery Xpert Orthopedic Surgery ClinicAmsterdam 1101 EANetherlands Department of Orthopedic Surgery Tergooi ZiekenhuisHilversum 1213 XZNetherlands Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Rijnstate HospitalArnhem 6815 ADNetherlands Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam University Medical CenterAmsterdam 1105 AZNetherlands Centre for Orthopaedic Research Spaarne ZiekenhuisHoofddorp 2134 TMNetherlands Academic Center for Evidence-Based Sports Medicine Amsterdam University Medical CenterAmsterdam 1105 AZNetherlands Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports Amsterdam UMC/IOC Research CenterAmsterdam 1105 AZNetherlands

BACKGROUND Current literature shows no clear answer on the question how to manage the capsule after hip *** patient reported outcome measures there seems to be no difference between capsular repair or unrepaired *** To evaluate and compare the integrity of the hip capsule measured on a magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scan after capsular repair or unrepaired *** A case series study was performed;a random sample of patients included in a trial comparing capsular repair vs unrepaired capsulotomy had a postoperative MRI *** presence of a capsular defect and gap size were independently evaluated on *** A total of 28 patients(29 hips)were *** demographics were comparable between treatment *** were 2 capsular defects in the capsular repair group and 7 capsular defects in the unrepaired capsulotomy group(P=0.13).In the group of patients with a defect,median gap sizes at the acetabular side were 5.9 mm(range:2.7-9.0)in the repaired and 8.0 mm(range:4.5-18.0)in the unrepaired group(P=0.462).At the muscular side gap sizes were 6.6 mm(range:4.1-9.0)in the repaired group and 11.5 mm(range:3.0-18.0)in the unrepaired group(P=0.857).The calculated Odds ratio(OR)for having a capsular defect with an increasing lateral center-edge(CE)angle was 1.12(P=0.06).The OR for having a capsular defect is lower in the group of patients that underwent a labral repair with an OR of 0.1(P=0.05).CONCLUSION There is no significant difference in capsular defects between capsular repair or unrepaired *** clinical characteristics our case series shows that a larger CE angle increases the likelihood of a capsular defect and the presence of a labral repair decreases the likelihood of a capsular defect.

关键词： Hip Arthroscopy Magnetic resonance imaging Capsule Thickness

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一种船舶作业中原始数据质量的实用评估方法

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哈尔滨工程大学学报（英文版） 2023年第2期22卷 370-380页

作者： Gang Chen Jie Cai niels Gorm Maly Rytter Marie Lützen World Maritime University MalmöSweden Department of Technology and Innovation University of Southern DenmarkCampusvej 55DK-5230 Odense MDenmark Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering University of Southern DenmarkCampusvej 55DK-5230 Odense MDenmark

With the current revolution in Shipping 4.0, a tremendous amount of data is accumulated during vessel operations. Dataquality (DQ) is becoming more and more important for the further digitalization and effective decision-making in shippingindustry. In this study, a practical DQ assessment method for raw data in vessel operations is proposed. In this method,specific data categories and data dimensions are developed based on engineering practice and existing literature. Concretevalidation rules are then formed, which can be used to properly divide raw datasets. Afterwards, a scoring method is usedfor the assessment of the data quality. Three levels, namely good, warning and alarm, are adopted to reflect the final dataquality. The root causes of bad data quality could be revealed once the internal dependency among rules has been built,which will facilitate the further improvement of DQ in practice. A case study based on the datasets from a Danish shippingcompany is conducted, where the DQ variation is monitored, assessed and compared. The results indicate that theproposed method is effective to help shipping industry improve the quality of raw data in practice. This innovationresearch can facilitate shipping industry to set a solid foundation at the early stage of their digitalization journeys.

关键词： Data quality Vessel operations Shipping Validation rules Noon reports

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Effects and safety of natriuretic peptides as treatment of cirrhotic ascites:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第4期14卷 827-845页

作者： Rasmus Hvidbjerg Gantzel Mikkel Breinholt Kjær Peter Jepsen niels Kristian Aagaard Hugh Watson Lise Lotte Gluud Henning Grønbæk Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Aarhus University HospitalAarhus N 8200Denmark Gastroenterology Unit Copenhagen University HospitalHvidovre 2650Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine University of CopenhagenHvidovre 2650Denmark

BACKGROUND Natriuretic peptides are involved in the cascade of pathophysiological events occurring in liver cirrhosis,counterbalancing vasoconstriction and anti-natriuretic *** effects of natriuretic peptides as treatment of cirrhotic ascites have been investigated only in small studies,and definitive results are *** To examine the effects and safety of natriuretic peptides in cirrhosis patients with *** We searched MEDLINE,Web of Science,Scopus,Cochrane Library and Embase for all available studies applying intravenous administration of any natriuretic peptide to patients suffering from cirrhotic *** was not limited by treatment duration or dose,or by follow-up *** randomised controlled trials and non-randomised studies were eligible for *** primary outcome was change in renal sodium *** outcomes included safety measures and changes in renal water excretion,plasma aldosterone concentration,and plasma renin *** Twenty-two studies were *** natriuretic peptide(ANP)was the only intensively studied *** excretion increased in response to continuous ANP infusion and was more pronounced when infusion rates of>30 ng/kg/min were administered compared with≤30 ng/kg/min(P<0.01).Moreover,natriuresis was significantly higher in study subgroups with mild/moderate ascites compared with moderate/severe and refractory ascites(P<0.01).ANP infusions increased renal water excretion,although without reaching a statistically significant dose-response *** aldosterone concentration and plasma renin activity were significantly lower at baseline in study subgroups achieving a negative sodium balance in response to an ANP administration compared with treatment non-responders(P<0.01).Blood pressure decreases occurred less frequently when ANP doses≤30 ng/kg/min were *** quality of evidence for a natriuretic response to ANP was low,mainly due to small sample size

关键词： Atrial natriuretic peptide B-type natriuretic peptide Urodilatin Cirrhosis Ascites Refractory ascites

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Effects of Radix Ginseng on microbial infections: a narrative review

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2014年第2期34卷 227-233页

作者： Hong Wu niels Hфiby Liang Yang Michael Givskov Zhijun Song Department of International Health Immunology & MicrobiologyUniversity of Copenhagen Department of Clinical Microbiology Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering Nanyang Technological University Department of Clinical Microbiology RigshospitaletUniversity Hospital of Copenhagen Department of Clinical Microbiology Slagelse Hospital

OBJECTIVE: To summarized the antimicrobial-like effects of Radix Ginseng, which provide important information to the relevant researchers and clinicians, and will benefit the clinical treatment of infectious ***: PubMed and Google were used to search for and collect scientific publications related to Radix Ginseng and microbial infections. The authors read, classified, and discussed the associated scientific results or evidences, and summarized the corresponding ***: In this review, recent studies on the bene-ficial effects of Radix Ginseng extracts on microbial and biofilm infections were reviewed. The importance and significance of Radix Ginseng's beneficial effects are discussed. Evidence for the favorable effects of Radix Ginseng extracts on viral, bacterial,fungal, and parasitic infections and the possible underlying mechanisms are ***: Radix Ginseng might be a promising supplemental remedy for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.

关键词：人参提取物微生物感染 PubMed 临床治疗科学成果感染性疾病寄生虫感染传染性疾病

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