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Helper T cell differentiation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第7期16卷 634-643页

作者： Jordy Saravia nicole M.Chapman Hongbo Chi Department of Immunology St.Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA

CD4^(+)T helper cells are key regulators of host health and *** the original model,specialized subsets of T helper cells are generated following activation through lineage-specifying cytokines and transcriptional programs,but recent studies have revealed increasing complexities for CD4^(+)T-cell ***,we first discuss CD4^(+)T-cell differentiation from a historical perspective by highlighting the major studies that defined the distinct subsets of T helper *** next describe the mechanisms underlying CD4^(+)T-cell differentiation,including cytokine-induced signaling and transcriptional *** then review current and emerging topics of differentiation,including the plasticity and heterogeneity of T cells,the tissue-specific effects,and the influence of cellular metabolism on cell fate ***,recent advances in cutting-edge approaches,especially systems biology tools,have contributed to new concepts and mechanisms underlying T-cell differentiation and will likely continue to advance this important research area of adaptive immunity.

关键词： T cells Treg differentiation plasticity immunometabolism

Improved source assessment of Si,Al and related mineral components to PM_(10) based on a daily sampling procedure

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第4期22卷 582-588页

作者： Ge Peng Hans Puxbaum Heidi Bauer nicole Jankowski Yao Shi Chemical Engineering College Ningbo University of Technology Ningbo 315016 China. Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics Vienna University of Technology Vienna 1060 Austria College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

Samples obtained from an industrialized valley in the East Alpine region were collected daily for a half year and analyzed using X-ray fluorescence to examine the elements Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Zn, P, S and Cl. Some factors affecting the changes of these elements were considered, including time, elemental correlations, weekday, weekend and seasonal changes. Diagnostic analysis provided an insight into a decoupling behavior that occursin siliceous and carbonates minerals. A decrease in Si and Al and an increase in carbonates, Na, K, Zn and P were observed during the cold season. However, a consistently high correlation of Si and Al was observed in all seasons. It was established that such high levels originated from street surface abrasion. The increase in variability and absolute levels of carbonates during the cold season was demonstrated by adding carbonates to the street surface as gritting material to increase the grip on snowy surfaces. A marked increase in Na and Cl was observed in winter which may have been caused by thaw salt that is widely used in winter in Austria. This was associated with a significant increase in K, Zn, and P in the cold season that was the result of domestic space heating with wood. PM10 levels in December were 12 μ/m^3 and were higher than levels detected in July. It was established that such high levels originated from mineral oxides, wood smoke, and inorganic ionic material（s）.

关键词： particulate matter PM10 mineral aerosol silicates carbonates street dust wood combustion thaw salt

Systematic Assessment of Synthesized Tri-magnesium Phosphate Powders(Amorphous,Semi-crystalline and Crystalline) and Cements for Ceramic Bone Cement Applications

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2015年第5期31卷 437-444页

作者： nicole Ostrowski Vidisha Sharma Abhijit Roy Prashant N.Kumta Department of Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh Center of Complex Engineered Multifunctional Materials University of Pittsburgh Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Pittsburgh Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science University of Pittsburgh

Magnesium phosphate cements have come under investigation in recent years for use as an alternative to calcium phosphate cements for bone void repair *** indicates that magnesium phosphate cements obtain higher initial strengths after cement reaction and resorption in more clinically appropriate time frames than commercially available calcium phosphate *** this study,amorphous,partially amorphous and crystalline tri-magnesium phosphate powders were synthesized via an aqueous precipitation reaction with subsequent thermal treatment,and characterized using techniques such as X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared *** materials were assessed for their functionality in cementing reaction with a 3.0 mol/L,pH 7.0 ammonium phosphate solution,including setting time and pH evolution in phosphate buffered saline *** indicated that the amorphous and semi-crystalline tri-magnesium phosphate powders were highly reactive with the setting solution but resulted in mechanically weak cements,while the crystalline tri-magnesium phosphate powder reacted efficiently with the cement solution and were mechanically strong following the cement reaction.X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses indicated significant changes in the phase composition and morphology of the cements following incubation in phosphate buffered *** were perceived to be detrimental to the integrity of the amorphous and semi-crystalline tri-magnesium phosphate derived cements but not to those created with fully crystalline tri-magnesium *** crystalline tri-magnesium phosphate material resulted in the most functional cement as this embodiment displayed the most clinically relevant setting time as well as the highest mechanical resilience and neutral pH during incubation in saline solution rendering them potentially viable as bone void fillers.

关键词： Amorphous magnesium phosphate Tri-magnesium phosph

Plant physiological changes along an encroachment gradient: an assessment of US Mid-Atlantic serpentine barrens

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第6期11卷 853-865页

作者： nicole A.Havrilchak Jessica L.Schedlbauer Department of Biology West Chester University750 S.Church StreetWest ChesterPA 19383USA

Aims Serpentine barrens of the Mid-Atlantic United States are globally rare,grass-dominated ecosystems thought to exclude C3 spe-cies and characterized by unique soil ***,like many grassland ecosystems globally,these sites are presently facing encroachment by surrounding *** this ecosystem,the tendril climbing vine,Smilax rotundifolia,forms dense thickets around bar-rens that typically precede forest *** numerous factors speculatively initiate and promote encroachment in these systems,few studies have examined photosynthetic responses of serpentine grasses to changes in resource availability initiated by encroachers or physiological ability of encroaching *** to colonize high-light barren *** sought to under-stand both environmental and physiological dynamics of encroach-ment along an irradiance gradient in these *** At three serpentine barren sites in southeastern Pennsylvania,physiological responses of the native grasses Sorghastrum nutans and Schizachyrium scoparium to increased shading by ***-folia were ***,the physiological performance of *** in the forest understory was compared to that in sunlit barrens ***-saturated photosynthesis(A_(sat)),stomatal conductance(g_(s)),instantaneous transpiration efficiency(ITE),maximum efficiency of photosystem II(F_(v)/F_(m)),midday leaf water potential(ψ_(leaf))and specific leaf area(SLA)were measured for all species over the course of the 2014 growing ***-way analyses of variance were used to assess changes in these param-eters across growing environments,as well as seasonally for each *** regression analyses were also performed to inves-tigate the influence of vapor pressure deficit(D)and leaf tempera-ture(T_(leaf))on A_(sat) and *** Findings Light-saturated photosynthesis was significantly greater in ***-difolia growing in sun than in the shade(P<0.001)and early in th

关键词： encroachment photosynthesis serpentine barren Schizachyrium scoparium Smilax rotundifolia Sorghastrum nutans

Impact of time between meniscal injury and isolated meniscus repair on post-operative outcomes:A systematic review

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第7期13卷 39-45页

作者： Kashif Javid Xavier Akins nicole G Lemaster Amer Ahmad Austin V Stone Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40504United States

BACKGROUND Meniscal tears are one of the most common knee *** the diagnosis of a meniscal tear has been made,there are several factors physicians use to guide clinical *** influence of time between injury and isolated meniscus repair on patient outcomes is not well *** this relationship is important as it may influence clinical decision-making and can add to the preoperative patient education *** hypothesized that increasing the time from injury to meniscus surgery would worsen postoperative *** To investigate the current literature for data on the relationship between time between meniscus injury and repair on patient *** PubMed,Academic Search Complete,MEDLINE,CINAHL,and SPORTDiscus were searched for studies published between January 1,1995 and July 13,2023 on isolated meniscus *** criteria included concomitant ligament surgery,incomplete outcomes or time to surgery data,and *** demographics,time to injury,and postoperative outcomes from each study were abstracted and *** Five studies met all inclusion and exclusion *** were 204(121 male,83 female)patients *** of five(60%)studies determined that time between injury and surgery was not statistically significant for postoperative Lysholm scores(P=0.62),Tegner scores(P=0.46),failure rate(P=0.45,P=0.86),and International Knee Documentation Committee scores(P=0.65).Two of five(40%)studies found a statistically significant increase in Lysholm scores with shorter time to surgery(P=0.03)and a statistically significant association between progression of medial meniscus extrusion ratio(P=0.01)and increasing time to *** Our results do not support the hypothesis that increased time from injury to isolated meniscus surgery worsens postoperative ***-making primarily based on injury interval is thus not recommended.

关键词： Meniscus Meniscal Meniscus repair Meniscectomy Patient reported outcomes Postoperative outcomes Time to surgery Injury interval

Comparison of Cardiovascular Parameters and Internal Training Load of Different 1-h Training Sessions in Non-elite CrossFit^(®)Athletes

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第2期5卷 130-141页

作者： nicole Meier Danien Sietmann Annette Schmidt Institut Für Sportwissenschaft Fakultät Für HumanwissenschaftenUniversität Der Bundeswehr MünchenWerner‑Heisenberg‑Weg 3985577 NeubibergGermany

Purpose The fact that CrossFit^(®)is the best-known and rapidly growing concept for high-intensity interval training(HIIT)and high-intensity functional training(HIFT)results in a continuous increase of athletes performing CrossFit^(®).In the more than 15,000 CrossFit^(®)Affiliates worldwide,the training concept is usually offered in 1-h training sessions containing the CrossFit^(®)-related workout of the day(WOD),as well as a general warm-up,movement demonstrations,and skill ***,we report how physiological parameters measured by heart rate(HR)values vary during four different 1-h CrossFit^(®)training sessions of non-elite athletes(n=27)in a local affiliated training center and what influencing factors may *** The duration of the 1-h training sessions were divided into a warm-up part(WU-part),a skill development part combined with strength exercises(A-part),followed by the WOD part(B-part).Results Analysis of HR values shows high training intensity(≥91%HR_(max))not throughout the duration of each training session,only during *** mean HR values in B-part differ significantly compared to the remaining training parts(P<0.001)for all four training *** of different CrossFit^(®)experience levels revealed no significant differ-ence in acute physiological demands and training load between beginner and experienced CrossFit^(®)*** Our results may suggest that practicing CrossFit^(®)in 1-h training sessions combined anaerobic and aerobic exercise intensities,with the training concept allows beginners and experienced athletes to be trained with the same cardio-vascular responses and training intensities.

关键词： CrossFit^(®)performance Training load Exercise intensity Cardiovascular response High-intensity functional training

Central lymphatic surgery

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2023年第1期10卷 443-450页

作者： Lisanne Grünherz nicole Lindenblatt Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery University Hospital ZurichZurich 8091Switzerland

In recent years,microsurgical reconstruction of the lymphatic system has opened new frontiers in the treatment of central lymphatic *** lymphatic lesions can be congenital or *** the latter can result from any surgery or trauma in the area of the thoracic duct,congenital lymphatic lesions can show a plethora of manifestations,ranging from singular thoracic duct abnormalities to complex multifocal *** of the anatomical location of the thoracic duct lesion,these conditions cause recurrent chylous effusions and downstream lymphatic congestion and are associated with increased mortality due to the permanent loss of protein and *** case of disruption of the lymphatic flow,microsurgical reconstructive surgery is indicated to treat downstream congestion leading to bronchitis plastica,protein-loosing enteropathy,chylothorax,and *** duct-vein anastomoses can reconstruct the physiological lymphatic flow.

关键词： Central conducting lymphatic anomaly thoracic duct lesion lympho-venous anastomosis thoracic duct central lymphatic lesion

Pre-mRNA modifications and their role in nuclear processing

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Frontiers of Electrical and Electronic Engineering in China 2018年第3期6卷 210-227页

作者： nicole M Martinez Wendy V Gilbert Department of Molecular Biophysics ＆ Biochemistry Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06520USA

Background： Cellular non-coding RNAs are extensively modified post-transcriptionally, with more than 100 chemically distinct nucleotides identified to date. In the past five years, new sequencing based methods have revealed widespread decoration of eukaryotic messenger RNA with diverse RNA modifications whose functions in mRNA metabolism are only beginning to be known. Results： Since most of the identified mRNA modifying enzymes are present in the nucleus, these modifications have the potential to function in nuclear pre-mRNA processing including alternative splicing. Here we review recent progress towards illuminating the role of pre-mRNA modifications in splicing and highlight key areas for future investigation in this rapidly growing field. Conclusions： Future studies to identify which modifications are added to nascent pre-mRNA and to interrogate the direct effects of individual modifications are likely to reveal new mechanisms by which nuclear pre-mRNA processing is regulated.

关键词： mRNA modification pre-mRNA modification splicing RNA-modifying enzymes

Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: Definitions and management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第31期20卷 10740-10751页

作者： nicole E Lopez Cristina Prendergast Andrew M Lowy Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States. While surgical resection remains the only curative option, more than 80% of patients present with unresectable disease. Unfortunately, even among those who undergo resection, the reported median survival is 15-23 mo, with a 5-year survival of approximately 20%. Disappointingly, over the past several decades, despite improvements in diagnostic imaging, surgical technique and chemotherapeutic options, only modest improvements in survival have been realized. Nevertheless, it remains clear that surgical resection is a prerequisite for achieving longterm survival and cure. There is now emerging consensus that a subgroup of patients, previously considered poor candidates for resection because of the relationship of their primary tumor to surrounding vasculature, may benefit from resection, particularly when preceded by neoadjuvant therapy. This stage of disease, termed borderline resectable pancreatic cancer, has become of increasing interest and is now the focus of a multiinstitutional clinical trial. Here we outline the history, progress, current treatment recommendations, and future directions for research in borderline resectable pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer Neoadjuvant Vascular resection Pancreaticoduodenectomy Whipple