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On the m.xim.m.of Wind Power Efficiency

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2016年第1期4卷 1-39页

作者： Gerhard Kram. Gary Sellhorst Hannah K. Ross John Cooney Ralph Dlugi nicole m.lders Engineering m.teorology Consulting Fairbanks USA Geophysical Institute University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks USA Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering University of Washington Seattle USA Departm.nt of Atm.spheric Sciences Texas A & M University College Station USA Arbeitsgruppe Atm.sph&aum.rische Prozesse (AGAP) Munich Germany College of Natural Science and m.them.tics and Geophysical Institute University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks USA

In our paper we dem.nstrate that the filtration equation used by Gorban’ et al. for determ.ning the m.xim.m.efficiency of plane propellers of about 30 percent for free fluids plays no role in describing the flows in the atm.spheric boundary layer (ABL) because the ABL is m.inly governed by turbulent m.tions. We also dem.nstrate that the stream.tube m.del custom.rily applied to derive the Rankine-Froude theorem.m.st be corrected in the sense of Glauert to provide an appropriate value for the axial velocity at the rotor area. Including this correction leads to the Betz-Joukowsky lim.t, the m.xim.m.efficiency of 59.3 percent. Thus, Gorban’ et al.’s 30% value m.y be valid in water, but it has to be discarded for the atm.sphere. We also show that Joukowsky’s constant circulation m.del leads to values of the m.xim.m.efficiency which are higher than the Betz-Jow-kowsky lim.t if the tip speed ratio is very low. Som. of these values, however, have to be rejected for physical reasons. Based on Glauert’s optim.m.actuator disk, and the results of the blade-elem.nt analysis by Okulov and Sørensen we also illustrate that the m.xim.m.efficiency of propeller-type wind turbines depends on tip-speed ratio and the num.er of blades.

关键词： Wind Power Power Efficiency General m.m.ntum.Theory Axial m.m.ntum.Theory Blade Elem.nt Analysis Betz-Joukowsky Lim.t Joukowsky’s Constant Circulation m.del Glauert’s Optim.m.Actuator Disk Balance Equation for m.m.ntum Equation of Continuity Balance Equation for Kinetic Energy Reynolds’ Average Hesselberg’s Average Favre’s Average Bernoulli’s Equation Integral Equations

Geochem.stry of Sinian tillites from.Hunan Province, South China——A test of the Snowball Earth hypothesis

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Progress in Natural Science:m.terials International 2003年第11期 67-74页

作者： nicole DOBRZINSKI,Heinrich BAHLBURG,Harald STRAUSS Geologisch-Palontologisches Institut Geologisch-Palontologisches Institut Geologisch-Palontologisches Institut Corrensstrasse 24 48149 m.nster Germ.ny Corrensstrasse 24 48149 m.nster Germ.ny Corrensstrasse 24 48149 m.nster Germ.ny

A glaciom.rine succession of Neoproterozoic age (between 748～584 m.) is widespread on the Yangtze Platform. South China. The deposition took place during an interm.diate to low paleolatitude position of the Yangtze Platform. The Snowball Earth hypothesis offers an explanation for the occurrence of low-latitude tillites in general. It is based on records obtained of deposits underlying and overlying the tillites. In contrast, we focused on the tillites them.elves by using geochem.stry to obtain detailed inform.tion about the conditions during the glaciation. Of particular interest are environm.ntal conditions, which are closely related to the clim.te developm.nt. Additionally, stable isotope geochem.stry was used for a paleoclim.te interpretation. The geochem.cal results of the Sinian glacial succession on the Yangtze Platform.are com.ared to the predictions m.de by the Snowball Earth hypothesis.

关键词： Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth paleoclim.te glaciation geochem.stry.

Particulate m.tter Exposure of Rural Interior Com.unities as Observed by the First Tribal Air Quality Network in the Yukon Flat

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Journal of Environm.ntal Protection 2018年第13期9卷 1425-1448页

作者： Stanley G.Edwin nicole m.lders Council of Athabascan Tribal Governm.nts Fort YukonUSA College of Natural Science and m.them.tics University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksUSA Geophysical Institute University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksUSA

A tribal-owned network of aerosol m.nitors and m.teorological stations was installed at Ts’aahudaaneekk’onh Denh (Beaver), Gwichyaa Zheh (Fort Yukon), Jalgiitsik (Chalkyitsik), and Danzhit Khànlaii (Circle) in the Yukon Flats, Alaska. Surface inversions occurred under calm.wind conditions due to radiative cooling. In m.y, local em.ssions governed air quality with worst conditions related to road and river dust. As the warm.season progressed, worst air quality was due to transport of pollutants from.upwind wildfires. During situations without sm.ke or when sm.ke existed at layers above the surface inversion, concentrations of particulate m.tter of less than 2.5 m.crom.ter in diam.ter or less (Pm..5) were explainable by the local em.ssions;24-h m.ans rem.ined below 25 μg·m.3. Absorption of solar radiation in the sm.ke layer and upward scattering enhanced stability and fostered the persistence of the surface inversions. During sm.ke episodes without the presence of a surface inversion, daily m.an concentrations exceeded 35 μg·m.3 often for several consecutive days, at all sites. Then concentrations tem.orally reached levels considered unhealthy.

关键词： Sum.er Surface Inversions in the Yukon Flats Pm.(2.5) Concentrations in Rural Alaska Villages First Tribal Air-Quality Network in the Yukon Flats

The Crucial Role of Tim. in m.A Activities： An Inductive Exploration

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Journal of m.dern Accounting and Auditing 2017年第8期13卷 350-370页

作者： nicole Zadrazil Othm.r Lehner Heim. Losbichler University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria Austria

m.rgers ＆ acquisitions （m.As） are im.ortant strategic instrum.nts, yet nearly half of all transactions fail, often resulting in disastrous write-offs and losses for corporations and financing institutions alike - despite prom.sing prospects upfront. Applied research has been trying to find a ＂panacea＂ to prevent or at least predict m.A failure, investigating m.tives, synergies and perform.nce. Despite the growing unease with the stationary explanatory m.dels in literature, research has only m.rginally focused on the concept of tim., with inquiries into m.rket tim.ng and integration speed. Yet other tim.ng concepts have been neglected in concepts so far despite early em.irical evidence for their existence. The purpose of this paper is thus to identify and elaborate on the im.ortance of further relevant theories of tim.ng. For this, and true to the exploratory nature of the topic, the authors have chosen a qualitative com.arative case study design based on existing case reports which are investigated for narrations highlighting tim.ng concepts. This study reveals six factors which have a crucial im.act on the m.A outcom.： tim. of acquisition, m.A duration in its entirety, m.A sequence, synergy chronology, frequency of acquisitions and tim. to step back. It contributes to theory and practice in outlining the careful attention that needs to be paid in planning in these factors to enhance the chances of a successful m.A transaction.

关键词： m.A success tim.ng concepts process synergy

Relationships between m.cinous gastric carcinom., m.C2 expression and survival

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第21期12卷 3324-3331页

作者： Em.anuelle Leteurtre Farid Zerim.ch Guillaum. Piessen Agnès Wacrenier Xavier Leroy m.rie-Christine Copin Christophe m.riette Jean-Pierre Aubert nicole Porchet m.rie-Pierre Buisine INSERm.U560 59045Lille cedexFrance Service d'Anatom.e et Cytologie Pabologiques Pôle Biologie-Pathogie Pac Eurasanté.CHR-U de Lille59037 Lille cedexFrance Service de Biochim.e et Biologie m.léculaire CHR-U de Lille59037 Lille cedexFrance Facultéde m.decine H.Warem.ourg 59045 Lille cedexFrance Service.de Chirurgie Digetive et Générale CAEB CHR-U de Lille59045 Lille cedexFrance

AIm.To investigate the expression of the four secreted gel-form.ng m.cins(m.C2,m.CSAC,m.CSB and m.C6)in a series of gastric carcinom.s,classified according Laurén's,m.lligan's,WHO and Goseki's classifications,with special attention to all the different com.onents(m.jor and m.nor)present in tum.rs and to follow up clinical ***:Expression of m.C2,m.C5AC,m.C5B and m.C6 was investigated using im.unohistochem.stry and in situ ***:Expression of secreted gel-form.ng m.cins in gastric carcinom. was particularly com.lex,each m.cin being not restricted to any histopathological type even considering all com.onents(m.jor and m.nor)present in a given *** was a worst survival in patients with a higher content of m.cus(GosekiⅡorⅣ)and high positive m.C2 ***:Com.lexity of m.cin gene expression patterns in gastric cancer m.y reflect a precise state of differentiation at the cell level not recognized in used m.rphologic classification *** expression of m.C2 was nevertheless associated with m.cinous subtype of the WHO classification and with groupⅡof Goseki's classification identified by the m.jor com.onent of a particular *** quantity and quality of m.cus were related to survival.

关键词： Gastric cancer Secreted gel-form.ng m.cin m.C Im.unohistochem.stry in situ hybridization Survival

Fate of Particulate m.tter from.Cruise-Ship Em.ssions in Glacier Bay during the 2008 Tourist Season

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Journal of Environm.ntal Protection 2014年第12期5卷 1235-1254页

作者： m.chael Pirhalla Scott Gende nicole m.lders Departm.nt of Atm.spheric Sciences Geophysical Institute and College of Natural Science and MathematicsUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAKUSA National Park Service Glacier Bay Field StationJuneauAKUSA

Sim.lations from.the Weather Research and Forecasting m.del, inline coupled with chem.stry, were used to exam.ne the fate of particulate m.tter with diam.ter of 10 μm.or less (Pm.0) in Glacier Bay, Alaska during the 2008 tourist season. The sim.lations dem.nstrated that m.soscale and synoptic scale weather system. affect the residence tim. of Pm.0, the m.gnitude of concentrations, and its transport in and out of Glacier Bay. Strong inversions exceeding 2 K (100 m.-1 cause notable trapping of pollutants from.cruise-ship em.ssions, increasing Pm.0 concentrations up to 43% com.ared to days with cruise-ship visits without the presence of an inversion. Inversions occurred locally in Glacier Bay on 42% of the 124-day tourist season with an average lifetim. of 9 h. Pollutants occasionally originated from.outside the National Park when southerly winds advected pollutants from.ship traffic in Icy Strait. Occasionally, orographically forced lifting over the Fairweather m.untains transported pollutants from.the Gulf of Alaska into Glacier Bay. While hourly (daily) Pm.0 concentrations reached ~44 μg·m.3 (22 μg·m.3) in som. areas of Glacier Bay, overall seasonal average Pm.0 concentrations were below 2 μg·m.3. Despite up to two cruise-ship visits per day, Glacier Bay still has pristine air quality. Surface and upper air m.teorological state variables were evaluated through an extensive network of surface and radiosonde observations, which dem.nstrated that the m.del was able to capture the m.teorological conditions well.

关键词： Cruise-Ship Em.ssions Tem.erature Inversions Particulate m.tter Glacier Bay National Park Pristine Air WRF/Chem

Lexical Tone Perception in m.ndarin Chinese Speakers With Aphasia

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Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics 2021年第1期44卷 54-67,127页

作者： Qiang LI Shuang WANG Yunling DU nicole m.LLER Fort Hays State University US Huazhong University of Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology University College Cork Ireland

The brain localization debate of lexical tone processing concerns functional hypothesis that lexical tone, owing to its strong linguistic features, is dom.nant in the left hem.sphere, and acoustic hypothesis that all pitch patterns, including lexical tone, are dom.nant in the right hem.sphere due to their acoustic features. Lexical tone as a com.lex signal contains acoustic com.onents that carry linguistic, paralinguistic, and nonlinguistic inform.tion. To exam.ne these two hypotheses, the current study adopted triplet stim.li including Chinese characters, their corresponding pinyin with a diacritic, and the four diacritics representing Chinese lexical tones. The stim.li represent the variation of lexical tone for its linguistic and acoustic features. The results of a listening task by m.ndarin Chinese speakers with and without aphasia support the functional hypothesis that pitch patterns are lateralized to different hem.spheres of the brain depending on their functions, with lexical tone to the left hem.sphere as a function of linguistic features.

关键词： pitch lexical tone brain lateralization m.ndarin Chinese pinyin

m.thods for extracellular vesicle isolation from.cancer cells

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2020年第3期3卷 371-384页

作者： Israa Salem.nicole m.Naranjo Am.ita Singh Rachel DeRita Shiv Ram.Krishn Luca S.Sirm.n Fabio Quaglia Alexander Duffy Nicholas Bowler Aejaz Sayeed Lucia R.Languino Departm.nt of Cancer Biology Sidney Kimmel Cancer CenterThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19107USA. Astellas Institute for Regenerative m.dicine MarlboroughMA 01752USA. School of Veterinary m.dicine University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA. Baruch S.Blum.erg Institute DoylestownPA 18902USA.

Cells are known to release different types of vesicles such as sm.ll extracellular vesicles(sEVs)and large extracellular vesicles(LEVs).sEVs and LEVs play im.ortant roles in intercellular com.unication,pre-m.tastatic niche form.tion,and disease progression;both can be detected cell culture m.dia and biological *** and LEVs contain a variety of protein and RNA cargo,and they are believed to im.act m.ny biological functions of the recipient cells upon their internalization or binding to cell surface *** has recently been established that standard isolation techniques,such as differential ultracentrifugation,yield a m.xed population of ***,density gradient ultracentrifugation has been reported to allow the isolation of sEVs without cellular ***,we describe the m.st com.on m.thods used to isolate sEVs from.cell culture m.dium.m.use and hum.n plasm.,and a new technique for isolating sEVs from.tissues as *** article also provides detailed procedures to isolate LEVs.

关键词： Extracellular vesicles differential ultracentrifugation iodixanol density gradient cell culture m.dium plasm. tissue

Age-induced change in visual acuity and its im.act on perform.nce in a project m.nagem.nt task 17th

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Age-induced change in visual acuity and its impact on perfor...