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Whitefly feeding behavior and retention of a foregut-borne crinivirus exposed to artificial diets with different pH values

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 1079-1091页

作者： Jaclyn S. Zhou Angel Y. S. Chen martin Drucker nicole H. Lopez Alyssa Carpenter James C. K. Ng Department of Plant Pathology and microbiology and Center for Disease Vector Research University of California Riverside California USA INRA UMR BGPI Plant Pathogen Interactions Montpellier Cedex 5 France Barry University Miami Florida USA East Stroudsburg University E. Stroudsburg Pennsylvania USA

Transmission of plant viruses by phytophagous hemipteran insects encompasses complex interactions underlying a continuum of processes involved in virus acquisition, retention and inoculation combined with vector feeding behavior. Here, we investigated the effects of dietary pH on whitefly （Bemisia tabaci） feeding behavior and release of Lettuce infectious yellows virus （LIYV） virions retained in the vector＇s foregut. Electrical penetration graph analysis revealed that variables associated with whitefly probing and ingestion did not differ significantly in pH （4, 7.4, and 9） adjusted artificial diets. To investigate virus retention and release, whiteflies allowed to acquire LIYV virions in a pH 7.4 artificial diet were fed pH 4, 7.4, or 9 virion-free artificial （clearing） diets. Immunofluorescent localization analyses indicated that virions remained bound to the foreguts of approximately 20%-24% of vectors after they fed on each of the 3 pH- adjusted clearing diets. When RNA preparations from the clearing diets were analyzed by reverse transcription （RT） nested-PCR and, in some cases, real-time qPCR, successful amplification of LIYV-specific sequence was infrequent but consistently repeatable for the pH 7.4 diet but never observed for the pH 4 and 9 diets, suggesting a weak pH-dependent effect for virion release. Viruliferous vectors that fed on each of the 3 pH-adjusted clearing diets transmitted LIYV to virus-free plants. These results suggest that changes in pH values alone in artificial diet do not result in observable changes in whitefly feeding behaviors, an observation that marks a first in the feeding of artificial diet by whitefly vectors; and that there is a potential causal and contingent relationship between the pH in artificial diet and the release/inoculation of foregut bound virions.

关键词： Crinivirus dietary pH inoculation noncirculative semipersistent transmission retention whitefly

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WEAK ERROR ESTImATES FOR TRAJECTORIES OF SPDEs UNDER SPECTRAL GALERKIN DISCRETIZATION

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Journal of Computational mathematics 2018年第2期36卷 159-182页

作者： Charles-Edouard Brehier martin Hairer Andrew m. Stuart Univ Lyon CNRS Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1 UMR5208 Institut Camille Jordan F-69622 Villeurbanne France Department of mathematics Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK Computing and mathematical Sciences California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 305-16 Pasadena CA 91125 USA

We consider stochastic semi-linear evolution equations which are driven by additive, spatially correlated, Wiener noise, and in particular consider problems of heat equation （analytic semigroup） and damped-driven wave equations （bounded semigroup） type. We discretize these equations by means of a spectral Galerkin projection, and we study the approximation of the probability distribution of the trajectories： test functions are regular, but depend on the values of the process on the interval [0, T]. We introduce a new approach in the context of quantative weak error analysis for discretization of SPDEs. The weak error is formulated using a deterministic function （It6 map） of the stochastic convolution found when the nonlinear term is dropped. The regularity properties of the It6 map are exploited, and in particular second-order Taylor expansions employed, to transfer the error from spectral approximation of the stochastic convolution into the weak error of interest. We prove that the weak rate of convergence is twice the strong rate of convergence in two situations. First, we assume that the covariance operator commutes with the generator of the semigroup： the first order term in the weak error expansion cancels out thanks to an independence property. Second, we remove the commuting assumption, and extend the previous result, thanks to the analysis of a new error term depending on a commutator.

关键词： Stochastic Partial Differential Equations Weak approximation Spectral Galerkin discretization

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Parameter Ecology for Feedback Vertex Set

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2014年第4期19卷 387-409页

作者： Bart m.P.Jansen Venkatesh Raman martin Vatshelle the Department of Informatics University of Bergen 5005 Bergen Norway the Institute of mathematical Sciences Chennai India

This paper deals with the FEEDBACK VERTEX SET problem on undirected graphs, which asks for the existence of a vertex set of bounded size that intersects all cycles. Due it is theoretical and practical importance,the problem has been the subject of intensive study. motivated by the parameter ecology program we attempt to classify the parameterized and kernelization complexity of FEEDBACK VERTEX SET for a wide range of *** survey known results and present several new complexity classifications. For example, we prove that FEEDBACK VERTEX SET is fixed-parameter tractable parameterized by the vertex-deletion distance to a chordal graph. We also prove that the problem admits a polynomial kernel when parameterized by the vertex-deletion distance to a pseudo forest, a graph in which every connected component has at most one cycle. In contrast, we prove that a slightly smaller parameterization does not allow for a polynomial kernel unless NP coNP=poly and the polynomial-time hierarchy collapses.

关键词： feedback vertex set parameterized complexity parameter ecology program structural parameterizations kernelization

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Does playing a sports active video game improve object control skills of children with autism spectrum disorder?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第1期6卷 17-24,127页

作者： Jacqueline Edwards Sarah Jeffrey Tamara may nicole J.Rinehart Lisa m.Barnett School of Health and Social Development Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3125Australia Department of Paediatrics Faculty of MedicineDentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3052Australia School of Psychology Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3125Australia murdoch Childrens Research Institute ParkvilleVIC 3052Australia

Background: Active video games(AVGs) encourage whole body movements to interact or control the gaming system, allowing the opportunity for skill development. Children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD) show decreased fundamental movement skills in comparison with their typically developing(TD) peers and might benefit from this approach. This pilot study investigates whether playing sports AVGs can increase the actual and perceived object control(OC) skills of 11 children with ASD aged 6–10 years in comparison to 19 TD children of a similar *** was a secondary ***: Actual(Test of Gross motor Development) and perceived OC skills(Pictorial Scale of Perceived movement Skill Competence for Young Children) were assessed before and after the intervention(6 × 45 min).Results: Actual skill scores were not improved in either group. The ASD group improved in perceived skill. All children completed the required dose and parents reported the intervention was ***: The use of AVGs as a play-based intervention may not provide enough opportunity for children to perform the correct movement patterns to influence skill. However, play of such games may influence perceptions of skill ability in children with ASD, which could improve motivation to participate in physical activities.

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder Child Exergaming Fundamental movement skills Physical self-perception Xbox

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Variety-specific responses of lettuce grown in. a gravel-film technique closed hydroponic system to N supply on yield, morphology, phytochemicals, mineral content and safety

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第11期17卷 2447-2457页

作者： Bevly m. mampholo martin m. maboko Puffy Soundy Dharini Sivakumar Phytochemical Food Network to Improve Nutritional Quality for Consumers Group Department of Crop Sciences Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria West Pretoria 0001 South Africa Agricultural Research CounciI-Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plants Private Bag X293 Pretoria 0001 South Africa

Utilization of nitrogen （N） element is a common practice used to reach profitable yields in horticultural crops and N supply can be used as a tool to manipulate the enhancement of phytochemicals and minerals in vegetable crops to address consumer-oriented quality production. Hence the study was aimed to investigate the effect of N application on leaf morphology, ascorbic acid content, phenolic acids, flavonoids, mineral content, and nitrate residues in three lettuce varieties （two green leafy lettuce, multigreen 1 and multigreen 3; one red leafy lettuce, multired 4） grown in a closed hydroponic system （grave^-film） at harvest. Nitrogen was applied as ammonium nitrate （NH4NO3） at six different concentrations of 0, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 mg L^-1. The results obtained during 2015 and 2016 seasons were similar and demonstrated variety dependent responses with respect to different N application rates. multigreen 3 was more sensitive to N supply and showed higher amount of nitrate residue at harvest. Variety multired 4 was less sensitive to N supply followed by multigreen 11 Although N supply at 120 mg L^-1 improved the yield and the number of leaves in multigreen 3, overall 90 mg L^-1 can be recommended for these lettuce varieties to improve the yield and the accumulation of ascorbic acid content, phenolic acids mainly caffeic, caftaric acids, quercetin （the important flavonoid in lettuce）, and Fe and mn contents. Furthermore, the concentration of 90 mg L^-1 improved the antioxidant property （FRAP and ABTS^＋） and reduced the nitrate accumulation, ensuring safe food for consumers.

关键词： fertilizer application fresh weight phenolic acids antioxidant property flavonoids Fe mn food safety

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Inventory of the Thermo-Physiological Behavior of Fabrics—A Review

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Journal of Textile Science and Technology 2023年第2期9卷 127-150页

作者： nicole mölders Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks USA Geophysical Institute University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks USA

A comprehensive literature review was performed to create an inventory of thermal-physiological quantities for fabrics from different fiber materials, material blends, and fabric structures. The goal was to derive over-arching concepts that cannot be seen by the individual studies alone. Equations of best fits suggest non-linear changes for fabric thickness, thermal and water-vapor resistance with changes in material blend ratio. Air permeability decreases with increasing fabric density and fabric weight wherein the degree of decrease differs among fabric materials, blend ratio, and fabric structure. Water-vapor transmission rates strongly depend on fabric thickness, material, and blend, but marginally depend on fabric structure as long as the fabric and material thickness remain the same.

关键词： Thermal Resistance of Fabrics Thermal Conductivity of Fabrics Water-Vapor Resistance of Fabrics Water-Vapor Transmission Rate Inventory of Thermal-Physiological Characteristics of Fabrics Energetics of Fabrics

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Roles of Community Pharmacists in Screening and Disseminating of Information about Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Risks: Implications for Drug Safety Assessment

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2024年第4期15卷 129-145页

作者： martin Kampamba Progress mulenga Steward mudenda Billy Chabalenge Jenipher Zulu Tadius Chimombe Webrod mufwambi mashebe Innocent Ngula Audrey Hamachila Jimmy Hangoma Christabel Nang’andu Hikaambo Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Department of medicines Control Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority Lusaka Zambia Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences Levy Mwanawasa Medical University Lusaka Zambia

Background: The increasing use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) both on prescription and over the counter raises a major global health concern because of the risks associated with their use if no proper guidance is given by the health care provider. This study assessed the roles of community pharmacists in screening and disseminating information about the risks associated with NSAID use in Zambia. methodology: This was a national cross-sectional study in which a structured self-administered questionnaire was administered to 245 registered community pharmacists in Zambia. Stata/BE, version 15.1 (Stata Corporation, College Station, Texas, USA) and multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine factors associated with information dissemination about ADRs of NS-NSAIDs. Results: 231 of the 245 distributed questionnaires were returned giving a response rate of 94.3%. All (100%) participating community pharmacists claimed to have practiced dispensing NSAIDs. However, only 26 (11.0%) and 71 (30.8%) regularly screened for risk factor of selective COX-2 NSAIDS (SC2-NSAIDS) and non-selective NSAIDS (NS-NSAIDs) respectively. Information dissemination on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of SC2-NSAIDS was regularly provided by only 22 (9.5%) of pharmacists while that of NS-NSAIDs was regularly provided by 49 (21.2%). In the multivariate logistic regression model, being the owner of a pharmacy (AOR: 5.4, CI: 1.84 - 16.4) was significantly associated with information dissemination about ADRs of NS-NSAIDs while an hour increase in the working hours per day (AOR: 0.9, CI: 0.64 - 0.95) was associated with less likelihood of information dissemination. Conclusion: Pharmacists working in community pharmacies in Zambia did not regularly screen and disseminate information about the risks associated with NSAID use. Therefore, pharmacists should be able to screen and monitor patients at risk and be aware of the majority of risk factors while dispensing NSAIDs to m

关键词： Community Pharmacists Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Risk Screening

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A Static Condensation Reduced Basis Element Approach for the Reynolds Lubrication Equation

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Communications in Computational Physics 2017年第1期21卷 126-148页

作者： Eduard Bader martin A.Grepl Siegfried müller Aachen Institute for Advanced Study in Computational Engineering Science RWTH Aachen UniversitySchinkelstr.252062 AachenGermany Institut für Geometrie und Praktische mathematik RWTH Aachen UniversityTemplergraben 5552056 AachenGermany

In this paper,we propose a Static Condensation Reduced Basis Element(SCRBE)approach for the Reynolds Lubrication Equation(RLE).The SCRBEmethod is a computational tool that allows to efficiently analyze parametrized structures which can be decomposed into a large number of similar ***,we extend the methodology to allow for a more general domain decomposition,a typical example being a checkerboard-pattern assembled from similar *** this end,we extend the formulation and associated a posteriori error bound *** motivation comes from the analysis of the pressure distribution in plain journal bearings governed by the ***,the SCRBE approach presented is not limited to bearings and the RLE,but directly extends to other component-based *** show numerical results for plain bearings to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.

关键词： Reynolds lubrication equation static condensation domain decomposition model order reduction reduced basis element method a posteriori error estimation

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Improved source assessment of Si,Al and related mineral components to Pm_(10) based on a daily sampling procedure

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第4期22卷 582-588页

作者： Ge Peng Hans Puxbaum Heidi Bauer nicole Jankowski Yao Shi Chemical Engineering College Ningbo University of Technology Ningbo 315016 China. Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics Vienna University of Technology Vienna 1060 Austria College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

Samples obtained from an industrialized valley in the East Alpine region were collected daily for a half year and analyzed using X-ray fluorescence to examine the elements Si, Al, Fe, Ca, mg, Na, K, Zn, P, S and Cl. Some factors affecting the changes of these elements were considered, including time, elemental correlations, weekday, weekend and seasonal changes. Diagnostic analysis provided an insight into a decoupling behavior that occursin siliceous and carbonates minerals. A decrease in Si and Al and an increase in carbonates, Na, K, Zn and P were observed during the cold season. However, a consistently high correlation of Si and Al was observed in all seasons. It was established that such high levels originated from street surface abrasion. The increase in variability and absolute levels of carbonates during the cold season was demonstrated by adding carbonates to the street surface as gritting material to increase the grip on snowy surfaces. A marked increase in Na and Cl was observed in winter which may have been caused by thaw salt that is widely used in winter in Austria. This was associated with a significant increase in K, Zn, and P in the cold season that was the result of domestic space heating with wood. Pm10 levels in December were 12 μ/m^3 and were higher than levels detected in July. It was established that such high levels originated from mineral oxides, wood smoke, and inorganic ionic material（s）.

关键词： particulate matter Pm10 mineral aerosol silicates carbonates street dust wood combustion thaw salt

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On the Structure of Graded Leibniz Algebras

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Algebra Colloquium 2015年第1期22卷 83-96页

作者： Antonio J. Calderon martin Jose m. Sfinchez Delgado Departamento de matemdticas Universidad de Cadiz 11510 Puerto Real Cadiz Spain

We study the structure of graded Leibniz algebras with arbitrary dimension and over an arbitrary base field K. We show that any of such algebras ￡ with a symmetric G-support is of the form ￡ = U-∑jIj with U a subspace of ￡1, the homogeneous component associated to the unit element 1 in G, and any Ij a well described graded ideal of ￡, satisfying [Ij, Ik]= 0 if j≠ k. In the case of ￡ being of maximal length, we characterize the gr-simplicity of the algebra in terms of connections in the support of the grading.

关键词： graded Leibniz algebra infinite dimensional Leibniz algebra structure theory

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