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Endocrine stress response of Eastern Fence Lizards in fire-disturbed landscapes

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Current Zoology 2019年第6期65卷 643-650页

作者： michael G.IACCHETTA K.nichole mALONER C.m.GIENGER Department of Biology and Center of Excellence for Field Biology Austin Peay State University ClarksvilleTNUSA Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Pathology Microbiologyand ImmunologyVanderbilt University Medical Center NashvilleTNUSA

Landscape disturbances can alter habitat structure and resource availability,often inducing physiological responses by organisms to cope with the changing *** the endocrine stress response through measurement of glucocorticoids has become an increasingly common method for determining how organisms physiologically respond to challenges imposed by their *** tested the hypothesis that Eastern Fence Lizards cope with fire disturbance effects by modulating their secretion of corticosterone(CORT).We measured the baseline and stress-induced plasma CORT of male Eastern Fence Lizards in a chronosequence of fire-altered habitats(recently burned,recovering from burn,and unburned).Although habitat use by lizards differed among burn treatments,including differences in use of canopy cover,leaf litter,and vegetation composition,we did not detect a significant effect of fire-induced habitat alteration on plasma CORT concentration or on body *** addition,we found no effect of blood draw treatment(baseline or stress-induced),body temperature,body condition,or time taken to collect blood samples on concentration of plasma *** intensity burns,which are typical of prescribed fire,may not be a sufficient stressor to alter CORT secretion in Eastern Fence Lizards(at least during the breeding season).Instead,lizards may avoid allostatic overload using behavioral responses and by selecting microsites within their environment that permit thermoregulatory opportunities necessary for optimal performance and energy assimilation.

关键词： endocrine response fire ecology habitat alteration prescribed fire reptile Sceloporus undulatus

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate （EGCG） attenuates nflammation in mRL/Ipr mouse mesangial cells

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2010年第2期7卷 123-132页

作者： Abigail Peairs Rujuan Dai Lu Gan Samuel Shimp m nichole Rylander Liwu Li Christopher m Reilly Virginia College of Osteopathic medicine Blacksburg VA USA Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology Virginia Maryland Regional College of VeterinaryMedicine Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburg VA USA Department of mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate （EGCG）, a bioactive component of green tea, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects on immune cells. EGCG is also shown to activate the metabolic regulator, adenosine 5＇-monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AmPK）. Reports have also indicated that EGCG inhibits the immune-stimulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） pathway. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway has been implicated in mesangial cell activation in lupus. mesangial cells from mRUIpr lupus-like mice are hyper-responsive to immune stimulation and overproduce nitric oxide （NO） and other inflammatory mediators when stimulated. In our current studies, we sought to determine the mechanism by which EGCG attenuates immune-induced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. Cultured mesangial cells from mRL/Ipr mice were pre-treated with various concentrations of EGCG and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide （LPS）/interferon （IFN）-γ. EGCG activated AmPK and blocked LPS/ IFN-γ-induced inflammatory mediator production （iNOS expression, supernatant NO and interleukin-6）. Interestingly, EGCG attenuated inflammation during AmPK inhibition indicating that the anti-inflammatory effect of EGCG may be partially independent of AmPK activation. Furthermore, we found that EGCG effectively inhibited the immune-stimulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway independently of AmPK, by decreasing phosphorylation of Akt, suggesting an alternate mechanism for EGCG-mediated anti-inflammatory action in mesangial cells. Taken together, these studies show that EGCG attenuated inflammation in mRL/Ipr mouse mesangial cells via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Our findings suggest a potential therapeutic role for the use of EGCG to regulate inflammation and control autoimmune disease.

关键词： AmPK inflammation lupus metabolism mRL/Ipr

Lipopolysaccharide immune stimulation but not β-mannanase supplementation affects maintenance energy requirements in young weaned pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 901-916页

作者： nichole F.Huntley C.martin Nyachoti John F.Patience Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Department of Animal Science University of Manitoba

Background: Pathogen or diet-induced immune activation can partition energy and nutrients away from growth,but clear relationships between immune responses and the direction and magnitude of energy partitioning responses have yet to be elucidated. The objectives were to determine how β-mannanase supplementation and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) immune stimulation affect maintenance energy requirements(mEm) and to characterize immune parameters, digestibility, growth performance, and energy ***: In a randomized complete block design, 30 young weaned pigs were assigned to either the control treatment(CON; basal corn, soybean meal and soybean hul s diet), the enzyme treatment(ENZ; basal diet + 0.056% β-mannanase),or the immune system stimulation treatment(ISS; basal diet + 0.056% β-mannanase, chal enged with repeated increasing doses of Escherichia coli LPS). The experiment consisted of a 10-d adaptation period, 5-d digestibility and nitrogen balance measurement, 22 h of heat production(HP) measurements, and 12 h of fasting HP measurements in indirect calorimetry chambers. The immune chal enge consisted of 4 injections of either LPS(ISS) or sterile saline(CON and ENZ), one every48 h beginning on d 10. Blood was collected pre-and post-challenge for complete blood counts with differential,haptoglobin and mannan binding lectin, 12 cytokines, and glucose and insulin ***: Beta-mannanase supplementation did not affect immune status, nutrient digestibility, growth performance,energy balance, or mEm. The ISS treatment induced fever, elevated proinflammatory cytokines and decreased leukocyte concentrations(P ment did not impact nitrogen balance or nutrient digestibility(P > 0.10),but increased total HP(21%) and mEm(23%), resulting in decreased lipid deposition(-30%) and average daily gain(-18%)(P ment provides novel data on β-mannanase supplementation effects on immune parameters and energy balance i

关键词： Acute phase proteins β-mannan Cytokines Digestibility Feed induced immune response Heat production Inflammation Lipopolysaccharide Nitrogen balance Swine

Saccharification versus simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of kraft pulp

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2012年第1期5卷 48-55页

作者： nichole A.Bauer William R.Gibbons Biology-microbiology Department South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57007USA

Enzymes are a significant cost in cellulosic ethanol production,minimizing their use would be desirable as long as ethanol yields and productivities are not *** aim was to evaluate the effects of enzyme dosage on conversion of cellulose to *** pulp,an intermediate in paper production,was used to represent a fractionated cellulose *** were conducted in a 5 L BioFlow bioreactor(2-3 L working volume)with agitation rate varied(80-900 r/m)to provide acceptable *** on survey of the literature,an average dosage for cellulase(34 FPU/g glucan)andβ-glucosidase(135 CBU/g glucan)was calculated,and these were set as the 100%*** of 1%,7%,13%,33%,67%,100%,133%were tested,using Novozyme Celluclast 1.5 L(cellulase)and Novozyme 188(β-glucosidase)in a 4.8%(dry mass)kraft pulp *** recommended dosages are at the low end of this spectrum,at 12 g/g glucan for Celluclast 1.5 L(35%dosage)and 1.2 g/g glucan for Novozyme 188(0.9%dosage).Saccharification trials(50oC)showed a typical dosage response,with the 133%dosage achieving the highest sugar concentration(~59 g/L glucose)and saccharification rate(2.45 g/L/h),with a specific rate of 2.2×10-4 g glucose/unit enzyme/*** the 13%enzyme dosage resulted in the highest specific saccharification rate(2.9×10-4 g glucose/unit enzyme/h).Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation(SSF)trials(35oC)were conducted using Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Candida molischiana to compare enzyme dosages of 33%,67%,100%,and 133%.Ethanol titers and productivities were similar for trials with 67%or more of the literature average enzyme dosage,however were lower at the 33%enzyme *** enzyme dosage can be substantially reduced from levels typically cited in the literature,but cannot be reduced to levels recommended by the manufacturer,without reduction in ethanol yield and productivity.

关键词： cellulosic ethanol fermentation saccharification renewable energy

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纳米Al粉的热脱附研究(英文)

含能材料 2005年第5期13卷 295-300页

作者： Queenie S m Kwok nichole Emery David EG Jones Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Natural Resources CanadaKing's College LondonCanadian Explosives Research Laboratory Natural Resources Canada

纳米Al粉有独特热行为,能增强某些含能材料的性能。然而,纳米Al粉与水的反应性高,导致纳米Al粉“老化”,降低了它在含能复合材料中的作用。由于纳米Al粉的老化反应与吸附至其表面的水有关,因此应特别关注水的吸、脱附作用。本文用TG和TG... 详细信息

纳米Al粉有独特热行为,能增强某些含能材料的性能。然而,纳米Al粉与水的反应性高,导致纳米Al粉“老化”,降低了它在含能复合材料中的作用。由于纳米Al粉的老化反应与吸附至其表面的水有关,因此应特别关注水的吸、脱附作用。本文用TG和TG-FTIR-mS研究了纳米Al粉吸附气体的热脱附。结果表明,所研究的纳米Al粉含12%(质量)的吸附气体。用FTIR和mS检测到水和CO2的脱附。用多重加热速率和等温研究,得到了吸附气体的脱附过程动力学参数。对不同方法得到的脱附活化能进行了比较。

关键词：物理化学 Al 纳米尺寸热作用脱附动力学热脱附纳米 Al 脱附活化能动力学参数含能材料复合材料加热速率 FTIR

Heat shock protein 90 inhibition by 17-DmAG lessens disease in the mRL/Ipr mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2012年第3期9卷 255-266页

作者： Samuel K Shimp III Cristen B Chafin Nicole L Regna Sarah E Hammond molly A Read David L Caudell marissa nichole Rylander Christopher m Reilly Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Science Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine Blacksburg VA USA Edward Via College of Osteopathic medicine Blacksburg VA USA Department of mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechinc Institue and State University Blacksburg VA USA

Elevated expression of heat shock protein 90 （HSP90） has been found in kidneys and serum of systemic lupus erythematosus （SLE） patients and mRLImp-FasIprIFasJpr（mRLIIpr） autoimmune mice. We investigated if inhibition of HSP90 would reduce disease in mRL/ Ipr mice. In vitro, pretreatment of mesangial cells with HSP90 inhibitor Geldanamycin prior to immune-stimulation showed reduced expression of IL-6, IL-12 and NO. In vivo, we found HSP90 expression was elevated in mRL/Ipr kidneys when compared to C57BL/6 mice and mRIJIpr mice treated with HSP90 inhibitor 17-DmAG. mRIJIpr mice treated with 17-DmAG showed decreased proteinuria and reduced serum anti-dsDNA antibody production. Glomerulonephritis and glomerular IgG and C3 were not significantly affected by administration of 17-DmAG in mRIJIpr. 17-DmAG increased CD8＋ T cells, reduced double-negative T cells, decreased the CD4/CD8 ratio and reduced follicular B cells. These studies suggest that HSP90 may play a role in regulating T-cell differentiation and activation and that HSP90 inhibition may reduce inflammation in lupus.

关键词： Geldanamycin heat shock protein 90 mRUIpr systemic lupus erythematosus 17-DmAG

Upper Lillooet River Hydroelectric Project： The Challenges of Constructing a Power Tunnel for Run-of-River Hydro Projects in mountainous British Columbia

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Engineering 2018年第2期4卷 96-102页

作者： nichole Boultbee Oliver Robson Serge moalli Rich Humphries Colder Associates Ltd. Squamish British Columbia VSB OB4 Canada Innergex Renewable Energy Inc. Vancouver British Columbia VCE 4E6 Canada EBC Inc. North Vancouver British Columbia V7L OBS Canada

The Upper Lillooet River Hydroelectric Project （ULHP） is a run-of-river power generation scheme located near Pemberton, British Columbia, Canada, consisting of two separate hydroelectric facilities （HEFs） with a combined capacity of 106.7 mW. These HEFs are owned by the Upper Lillooet River Power Limited Partnership and the Boulder Creek Power Limited Partnership, and civil and tunnel construction was completed by CRT-ebc. The Upper Lillooet River HEF includes the excavation ofa 6 m wide by 5.5 m high and approximately 2500 m long tunnel along the Upper Lillooet River Valley. The project is in a moun- tainous area; severe restrictions imposed by weather conditions and the presence of sensitive wildlife species constrained the site operations in order to limit environmental impacts. The site is adjacent to the mount meager Volcanic Complex, the most recently active volcano in Western Canada. Tunneling conditions were very challenging, including a section through deposits associated with the most recent eruption from mount meager Volcanic Complex （-2360 years before the present）. This tunnel section included welded breccia and unconsolidated deposits composed of loose pumice, organics （that represent an old forest floor）, and till, before entering the underlying tonalite bedrock. The construction of this section of the tunnel required cover grouting, umbrella support, and excavation with a combination of road header, hydraulic hammer, and drilling-and-blasting method. This paper provides an overview of the project, a summary of the key design and construction schedule challenges, and a description of the successful excavation of the tunnel through deposits associated with the recent volcanic activity.

关键词： Run-of-river hydro project Power tunnel Umbrella support Canopy tubes Volcanic depositsPumiceRoadheader Environmental constraints

An Assessment of Water Quality Parameters at the Cerrillos Reservoir, Ponce, Puerto Rico in the Aftermath of Hurricane maria

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2022年第1期14卷 35-49页

作者： Yashira marie Sánchez-Colón Javier Alejandro Chévere-Del Río nichole marie Sánchez-Guzmán Fred Charles Schaffner Public Health Program Ponce Health Sciences University Ponce Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Department of Health San Juan Puerto Rico School of Science and Technology Universidad Ana G Méndez Gurabo Campus Gurabo Puerto Rico

maintaining the water quality of lakes and reservoirs is part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, an initiative promoted by the United Nations, including anthropogenic and natural factors that may influence water quality. The water reservoirs of Puerto Rico were built in watersheds to provide runoff control and for primary uses. The Cerrillos Reservoir is one of the largest water reservoirs in southern Puerto Rico, and is used as a source of potable water and for recreational activities. After hurricane maria, in September 2017, many communities were without public water service and have obtained their drinking water from local rivers or their tributaries, without filtration or purification treatment. This research explored the physical-chemical parameters of Cerrillos Reservoir’s surface water from may 2018 to January 2019. The objective of the present study is to assess seasonal variations in surface water quality with respect to physical (temperature, turbidity, and conductivity), chemical (nutrient concentrations: (Phosphorus (P) (Soluble Reactive Phosphorus, phosphate, or orthophosphate) and Nitrogen (N) (nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia)), pH, and dissolved oxygen), and biological (total coliforms and m>Escherichia colim>) parameters. Results suggest that Cerrillos Reservoir did not exceed the parameters of temperature, turbidity, conductivity, pH and DO, established by the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources (PRDNER). The reservoir showed a stable trophic state in relation to inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen as N and P concentrations did not increase sufficiently to disrupt this ecosystem. However, total coliforms exceeded the maximum parameter (23 mPN/100mL - 994 mPN/100mL) established for the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources and are likely to be the results of the disruption caused by hurricane maria.

关键词： Cerrillos Reservoir Water Quality Puerto Rico Post Hurricane maria