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Science Bulletin 2019年第6期64卷 370-373页

作者： Peng Gong Han Liu meinan Zhang Congcong Li Jie Wang Huabing Huang nicholas Clinton Luyan Ji Wenyu Li Yuqi Bai Bin Chen Bing Xu Zhiliang Zhu Cui Yuan Hoi Ping Suen Jing Guo Nan Xu Weijia Li Yuanyuan Zhao Jun Yang Chaoqing Yu Xi Wang Haohuan Fu Le Yu Iryna Dronova Fengming Hui Xiao Cheng Xueli Shi Fengjin Xiao Qiufeng Liu Lianchun Song ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System modeling Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University AI for Earth Lab Cross-Strait Institute Tsinghua University Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management University of CaliforniaBerkeley State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Sciences Google LLC Institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences United States Geological Survey National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi Department of Landscape Architecture University of CaliforniaBerkeley State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration

As the world strives to reduce the impact of population growth, urbanization, agricultural expansion, and climate change on food security, energy and water shortage, resource over-exploration, biodiversity loss, environmental pollution, and ultimately human health, timely and higher resolution land cover information is urgently needed to achieve the sustainable development goals of the United Nations.

关键词： the world strives to reduce timely and higher resolution information is urgently needed

Assessment of Plant Commnunity Structure in a Tropical Wetland Affected by Brick making—The Case of Sironga Wetland, Kenya

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麦草节间硅的物理和化学性质及其在制浆前的去除

Journal of Environmental Protection（环境保护） 2021年第11期

作者： Caren N. Atalitsa George m. Ogendi John m. mironga nicholas Olekaikai

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麦草节间硅的物理和化学性质及其在制浆前的去除

Population increase and changes in behavior and morphology in the Critically Endangered Redonda ground lizard(Pholidoscelis atratus)following the successful removal of alien rats and goats

第三届国际非木材纤维制浆造纸学术会议

作者： Nathalie C．milowych nicholas Wiseman 王锐

一种工业上可行的从谷草中除硅技术,将使造纸工业能够在不给环境造成破坏的前提下使用一种重要的、具有潜力的纤维原料。本论文介绍了谷草类中的硅的问题及在不影响谷草作为造纸原料前提下去除硅的方法。利用带能谱分析的扫描电子显微镜...

一种工业上可行的从谷草中除硅技术,将使造纸工业能够在不给环境造成破坏的前提下使用一种重要的、具有潜力的纤维原料。本论文介绍了谷草类中的硅的问题及在不影响谷草作为造纸原料前提下去除硅的方法。利用带能谱分析的扫描电子显微镜（SEm-EDXA）及环境扫描电子显微（ESEm）对成熟的麦草杆横切面进行观察。结果表明,大部分的硅（约90％）存在于茎杆的最外层, 主要作为分散体（植物岩）。表皮细胞及气孔的硅含量较低。在谷草中,植物岩含有绝大部分的硅（约占总量2/3）。谷草切片在经过各种化学及生物处理后放在显微镜下进行观察。弱酸处理效果不明显。但浸入80℃的碱液（0．25m）中,只需30分钟,谷草表面形态就发生了很大变化。外壳及硅细胞受到损害,硅细胞与相邻的软木细胞间的结合变得松驰。尽管损害情况不均一,表明单独的碱处理不足以去除植物岩,但是只要稍加外力就可以了。使用混合蛋白酶及glycosidases对谷草进行生物处理,硅含量没有明显降低。分析结果表明应采用更多的试验方案。目前,我们正在这方面进行探索。

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第3期16卷 379-389页

作者： Colin m.DONIHUE Jennifer C.DALTRY Shanna CHALLENGER Anthony HERREL UmR 7179 C.N.R.S/m.N.H.N. Département Adaptations du VivantParisFrance Department of Biology Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMissouriUSA Fauna&Flora International David Attenborough BuildingPembroke StreetCambridgeUK Department of Environment St.John’sAntigua Environmental Awareness Group St.John’sAntigua

Redonda is a small volcanic Caribbean island that is home to at least 4 endemic lizard species,including the Critically Endangered ground lizard(Pholidoscelis atratus).Black rats(Rattus rattus)and domestic goats(Capra hircus)were introduced to the island at some time after its discovery by Europeans in the late *** had a devastating effect on the island,resulting in the loss of nearly all trees and most of the ground *** count surveys of *** in 2012 indicated low densities,and the invasive rats were observed hunting and preying on the *** populations of rats and goats were successfully removed in 2017 as part of an ecological restoration program,and native vegetation and invertebrate populations have increased rapidly *** surveys in 2017,2018,and 2019 show the lizard population has increased by more than *** 2017,as rats and goats were being removed,we evaluated the morphology and escape behavior of this species and repeated these measurements 1 year *** observed that *** had become bolder,with a reduced flight *** also detected changes in limb morphology related to locomotion and suggest possible explanations that will need to be further investigated in the *** results show how the removal of invasive species can rapidly affect lizard population recovery and behavior,potentially restoring island ecosystems to their pre-human interference dynamics.

关键词： Antigua and Barbuda Caribbean conservation endangered species invasive alien species island biology Lesser Antilles pest removal

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映秀-北川断裂的地表破裂与变形特征

地质学报 2008年第12期82卷 1688-1706页

作者：李勇周荣军 Alexander L.DENSmORE 闫亮 nicholas RICHARDSON 董顺利 michael A.ELLIS 张毅何玉林陈浩乔宝成马博琳成都理工大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室 610059 四川省地震局工程地震研究院成都610041 Institute of Hazard and Risk Research and Department of Geography Durham UniversityDurhamUK Department of Earth Science Swiss Federal Institute of TechnologyZurichSwitzerland Center for Earthquake Research and Information University of MemphisMemphisTennesseeUSA

2008年5月12日在龙门山映秀-北川断裂带发生的8.0级特大地震,属于逆冲—走滑型地震。本文以地表破裂为切入点,在映秀-北川断裂的关键部位开展了详细的野外地貌测量,标定了映秀-北川断裂带的垂向断距和水平断距,结果表明映秀-北川断裂的... 详细信息

2008年5月12日在龙门山映秀-北川断裂带发生的8.0级特大地震,属于逆冲—走滑型地震。本文以地表破裂为切入点,在映秀-北川断裂的关键部位开展了详细的野外地貌测量,标定了映秀-北川断裂带的垂向断距和水平断距,结果表明映秀-北川断裂的地表破裂带从映秀向北东延伸达180～190km,走向介于NE30°～50°之间,倾向北西,地表平均垂向断距为2.9m,平均水平断距为3.1m;地表最大错动量的地点位于北川县擂鼓镇,垂直断错为6.2±0.1m,水平断错为6.8±0.2m,逆冲分量与右行走滑分量的比值为3∶1～1∶1,表明该断裂以逆冲—右行走滑为特点,逆冲运动分量略大于或等于右行走滑运动分量。根据近南北向的分段断裂可将映秀-北川断层的地表破裂带划分为两个高值区和两个低值区,其中两个高值区分别位于南段的映秀—虹口一带和中北段的擂鼓—北川县城—邓家坝一带。基于保存于破裂面上的擦痕,我们将该地震破裂过程划分为两个阶段,早期为逆冲作用,晚期为斜向走滑作用。

关键词：汶川地震地表破裂映秀-北川断裂走滑-逆冲作用龙门山

评论：NICE指南关于抗生素在自限性呼吸道感染的初级治疗中的使用

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英国医学杂志中文版 2009年第2期12卷 117-118页

作者： Christopher C Butler nicholas Francis 张新(译) 代华平(校) National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Manchester M1 4BD School of medicine University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院

NICE关于呼吸道感染中抗生素使用的最新指南中一条最重要的信息就是：综合了目前大量的证据证实：对大部分患者而言，抗生素的使用并没有带来很有意义的结果。对大部分临床医生而言，这已经不是什么新闻了。大部分人都认为需要对这些观... 详细信息

NICE关于呼吸道感染中抗生素使用的最新指南中一条最重要的信息就是：综合了目前大量的证据证实：对大部分患者而言，抗生素的使用并没有带来很有意义的结果。对大部分临床医生而言，这已经不是什么新闻了。大部分人都认为需要对这些观点做出改变，而且也已经在对这些感染进行治疗时做出了改变。

关键词：呼吸道感染初级治疗 NICE 抗生素新指南自限性评论临床医生

鲑鱼变色综合症的生态毒理学测定——与河流污染有关的大西洋鲑鱼病理状况

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人类环境杂志 1997年第8期26卷 497-502页

作者： Bronwen Croce Ronald m.Stagg nicholas C.Everall David B.Groman Christopher G.mitchell Roger Owen 张国梁 Scottish Office Agriculture Severn Trent Water Ltd 大西洋兽医学院苏格兰农业环境与渔业部斯特灵大学

"鲑鱼变色综合症"是一种与大西洋鲑鱼(Salmo salar)的临床黄疸有关的非传染性溶血性贫血症,由多种化学污染物的综合影响而引起。这种病只发生于英国苏格兰阿伯丁郡唐河(River Don,Aberdeenshire)内洄游性成年大西洋鲑鱼种群中,本世纪80... 详细信息

"鲑鱼变色综合症"是一种与大西洋鲑鱼(Salmo salar)的临床黄疸有关的非传染性溶血性贫血症,由多种化学污染物的综合影响而引起。这种病只发生于英国苏格兰阿伯丁郡唐河(River Don,Aberdeenshire)内洄游性成年大西洋鲑鱼种群中,本世纪80年代初曾在那里达到流行病比率。人们认为造纸厂、供油工业区和机场的污流可能是该综合症的诱因。一些实验表明,当受到石油碳氢化合物(如柴油)和树脂酸的连续综合影响时,该综合症的症状能够再现。从1989年起,鲑鱼变色综合症在唐河的野生鲑鱼中再未出现,我们的研究表明这是由于唐河水质的直接改善。该病是多种污染物综合引起生物效应的很好的例证。而在单一污染物质影响下,这种作用并不明显。本文描述了确定病因的方法。

关键词：鲑鱼变色综合症生态毒理学污染毒理学病因

Antralization at the edge of proximal gastric ulcers:Does Helicobacter pylori infection play a role?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2003年第6期9卷 1265-1269页

作者： Harry Hua-Xinag Xia Shiu Kum Lam Wai man Wong Wayne Hsing Cheng Hu Kam Chuen Lai Sau Hing Wong Suet Yi Leung Siu Tsan Yuen nicholas A.Wright Benjamin Chun-Yu Wong Department of medicine The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Department of Pathology The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Histopathology Unit London Research InstituteCancer ResearchUK

AIm: To determine the prevalence of antralization at the edge of proximal gastric ulcers, and the effect ofH. pylori eradication on the mucosal appearances.mETHODS: Biopsies were taken from the antrum, body and the ulcer edge of patients with benign proximal gastric ulcers before and one year after treatment. Gastric mucosa was classified as antral, transitional or body type.H. pylori positive patients receivedeither triple therapy, or omeprazole.RESULTS: Patients with index ulcers in the incisura, body or fundus (n=116) were analyzed. Antral-type mucosa was more prevalent at the ulcer edge inH. pylori-positive patients ***-negative patients (93% vs 60%, OR=8.95,95%CI: 2.47-32.4, P=0.001). At one year, there was a significant reduction in the prevalence of antralization (from 93 % to 61%, P=0.004) at the ulcer edge in patients with H. pyloribeing eradicated. However, there was no difference in the prevalence of antralization at the ulcer edge in those with persistent infection.CONCLUSION: H. pylori infection is associated with antralization at the edge of proximal gastric ulcers, which may be reversible in some patients after eradication of the infection.

关键词：胃溃疡幽门螺杆菌感染胃粘膜活组织检查

榅桲总黄酮对自发性高血压大鼠心脏结构和功能的影响

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中成药 2016年第11期38卷 2313-2318页

作者：周文婷马虎阿迪力.阿不都热合曼邬利娅.伊明 mOORE nicholas 艾尼瓦尔.吾买尔新疆医科大学基础医学院药理教研室新疆乌鲁木齐830011 法国波尔多大学药理教研室法国波尔多33076

目的研究榅桲Cydonia oblanga mill.总黄酮对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心脏结构和功能的影响。方法大鼠分为模型组(SHR组)、卡托普利组[25 mg/(kg·d)]、杜仲平压片组[30 mg/(kg·d)]和榅桲总黄酮低、中、高剂量组[40、80、160 mg/(kg·d)... 详细信息

目的研究榅桲Cydonia oblanga mill.总黄酮对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心脏结构和功能的影响。方法大鼠分为模型组(SHR组)、卡托普利组[25 mg/(kg·d)]、杜仲平压片组[30 mg/(kg·d)]和榅桲总黄酮低、中、高剂量组[40、80、160 mg/(kg·d)]剂量组。WKY大鼠给予蒸馏水,作为正常对照组。灌胃给药16周后,进行超声心动图、心脏血流动力学和组织病理学检查,评价榅桲总黄酮对大鼠心脏结构和功能的影响。masson染色后,光镜下观察心肌纤维化程度。结果超声心动图结果显示,与SHR组比较,榅桲总黄酮组左心室舒张末期内径、左心室收缩末期内径、室间隔厚度指数均有所降低,左心室质量、左心室质量指数、左心室质量/体质量比均明显减小,榅桲总黄酮中、高剂量组左心室内径缩短率、左心室射血分数增大,其中榅桲总黄酮高剂量组变化最大。血流动力学测定结果显示,与SHR组比较,榅桲总黄酮组收缩压、舒张压、左室收缩压、左室舒张末期压降低,室内压最大上升速率、室内压最大下降速率减小,收缩时间无明显变化,舒张时间延长,心率减小但无显著性差异。masson染色结果显示,榅桲总黄酮高剂量组心肌纤维化明显减少。结论榅桲总黄酮可改善自发性高血压大鼠心脏功能,抑制心肌肥厚,并减轻心肌纤维化。

关键词：榅桲总黄酮自发性高血压大鼠血流动力学心肌纤维化

Electricity consumption patterns within cities:application of a data-driven settlement characterization method

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第1期13卷 119-135页

作者： Pranab K.Roy Chowdhury Jeanette E.Weaver Eric m.Weber Dalton Lunga St.Thomas m.LeDoux Amy N.Rose Budhendra L.Bhaduri Urban Dynamics Institute&Geographic Information Science and Technology Group Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA Bredesen Center For Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA

Urban areas presently consume around 75%of global primary energy supply,which is expected to significantly increase in the future due to urban *** sustainable,universal energy access is a pressing challenge for most parts of the *** urban energy consumption patterns may help to address the challenges to urban sustainability and energy ***,urban energy analyses are severely limited by the lack of urban energy *** datasets are virtually non-existent for the developing *** per current projections,most of the new urban growth is bound to occur in these data-starved ***,there is an urgent need of research methods for monitoring and quantifying urban energy utilization ***,we apply a data-driven approach to characterize urban settlements based on their formality,which is then used to assess intraurban urban energy consumption in Johannesburg,South Africa;Sana’a,Yemen;and Ndola,*** is the fastest growing energy *** analyzing the relationship between the settlement types and the corresponding nighttime light emission,a proxy of electricity consumption,we assess the differential electricity consumption *** study presents a simple and scalable solution to fill the present data void to understand intra-city electricity consumption patterns.

关键词： Settlement characterization cities urban electricity consumption VIIRS nighttime lights developing countries