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A Simulation for Flavivirus Infection Decoy Responses

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Advances in Microbiology 2015年第2期5卷 123-142页

作者： j.mes K. Peterson Alison M. Kesson nicholas j. C. King Department of Mathematical and Biological Sciences Clemson University Clemson USA Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health Sydney Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity Sydney Medical School The Children’s Hospital at Westmead Westmead Australia Discipline of Pathology University of Sydney Sydney Australia

In this work, we discuss the development of simulation code for a model of the cross-reactive adaptive immune response seen in flavivirus infections. The model specifically addresses flavivirus pathogen virulence in G0?vs G1?cell states. The MHC-I upregulation of resting cells (G0 state) allows the T-cells generated for flavivirus peptide antigens to attack healthy cells also. The cells in G1?state are not upregulated as much and so virus hides in them and hence is propagated upon rupture. Hence, this type of model is referred to as a decoy model because the immune system is decoyed into preferentially recognizing the upregulated cells while the virus actively propagates in another small, but important, cell population. We show that the generic assumption of upregulation via a model which includes the?G0/G1?differential upregulation leads to immunopathological consequences. We outline the details behind the simulation code decisions and provide some theoretical j.stification for our model of collateral damage and upregulation.

关键词： West Nile Virus Decoy Model MHC-I Upregulation G0 vs G1 Cell State Upregulation Differences

Influences and drivers of woody debris movement in urban watercourses

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2014年第8期57卷 1512-1521页

作者： ALLEN Deonie ARTHUR Scott HAYNES Heather WALLIS Stephen G WALLERSTEIN nicholas Institute for Infrastructure and Environment Heriot-Watt University

It is recognised that the blockage of culverts by woody debris can result in an increased risk of infrastructure damage and *** date,debris transport analysis has focused on regional fluvial systems and large woody debris,both in flume and field *** the social and economic risk associated with urban flooding,and as urban drainage design shifts away from subsurface piped network reliance,there is an increasing need to understand debris movement in urban *** prediction of urban watercourse small woody debris(SWD)movement,both quantity and risk,has undergone only limited analysis predominantly due to lack of field *** paper describes the development of a methodology to enable the collection of accurate and meaningful SWD residency and transportation data from *** presented research examines the limitations and effective function of PIT tag technology to collect SWD transport data in the field appropriate for risk and prediction *** integrated transponder(PIT)technology provides a method to collect debris transport data within the urban *** this study,the tags are installed within small woody debris and released at known locations into a small urban natural watercourse enabling monitoring of movement and travel *** velocity and detention are collated with solute time of travel,watercourse and point flow characteristics to identify the relationships between these key *** work presented tests three hypotheses:firstly,that the potential for unobstructed or un-detained SWD movement increases with flow velocity and water ***,that SWD travel distance,and the resistance forces along this travel path,influence SWD transport ***,the relationship between SWD and channel dimensions is examined with the aim of advancing representative debris transport prediction modelling.

关键词： woody debris transport prediction urban flood risk blockage solute dye tracing

Underwater acoustic metamaterials

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National Science Review 2023年第6期10卷 258-280页

作者： Erqian Dong Peizheng Cao j.nhu Zhang Sai Zhang nicholas X.Fang Yu Zhang Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University School of Physics and Electronic Engineering Jiangsu University Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Acoustic metamaterials have been widely investigated over the past few decades and have realized acoustic parameters that are not achievable using conventional *** demonstrating that locally resonant acoustic metamaterials are capable of acting as subwavelength unit cells,researchers have evaluated the possibility of breaking the classical limitations of the material mass density and bulk *** with theoretical analysis,additive manufacturing and engineering applications,acoustic metamaterials have demonstrated extraordinary capabilities,including negative refraction,cloaking,beam formation and super-resolution *** to the complexity of impedance boundaries and mode transitions,there are still challenges in freely manipulating acoustic propagation in an underwater *** review summarizes the developments in underwater acoustic metamaterials over the past 20 years,which include underwater acoustic invisibility cloaking,underwater beam formation,underwater metasurfaces and phase engineering,underwater topological acoustics and underwater acoustic metamaterial *** the evolution of underwater metamaterials and the timeline of scientific advances,underwater acoustic metamaterials have demonstrated exciting applications in underwater resource development,target recognition,imaging,noise reduction,navigation and communication.

关键词： underwater acoustic metamaterials invisibility cloaking beam formation topological acoustics metasurfaces absorbers

Thermal Management of Vehicle Cabins,External Surfaces,and Onboard Electronics:An Overview

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Engineering 2019年第5期5卷 954-969页

作者： Garrett j.Marshall Colin P.Mahony Matthew j.Rhodes Steve R.Daniewicz nicholas Tsolas Scott M.Thompson Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMS 39762USA Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Auburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA

Reducing heat accumulation within vehicles and ensuring appropriate vehicular temperature levels can lead to enhanced vehicle fuel economy,range,reliability,longevity,passenger comfort,and *** in vehicle thermal management remain key as new technologies,consumer demand,societal concerns,and government regulations emerge and *** study summarizes several recent advances in vehicle thermal management technology and modeling,with a focus on three key areas:the cabin,electronics,and exterior components of ***-related topics covered include methods for reducing thermal loads and improving heating,ventilation,and air-conditioning(HVAC)systems;and advancements in window glazing/tinting and vehicle surface *** the thermal management of electronics,including batteries and insulated-gate bipolar transistors(IGBTs),active and passive cooling methods that employ heat pipes,heat sinks,j.t impingement,forced convection,and phase-change materials are ***,efforts to model and enhance the heat transfer of exterior vehicular components are reviewed while considering drag/friction forces and environmental *** advances in the field of vehicle thermal management,challenges still exist;this article provides a broad summary of the maj.r issues,with recommendations for further study.

关键词： Vehicle design Automotive engineering Electronics packaging Heat pipes Climate control Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning Battery cooling Thermal soak

Two-Layer High-Throughput:Effective Mass Calculations Including Warping

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Engineering 2022年第3期8卷 74-80页

作者： Andrew Supka nicholas A.Mecholsky Marco Buongiorno Nardelli Stefano Curtarolo Marco Fornari Department of Physics&Science of Advanced Materials Program Central Michigan UniversityMount PleasantMI 48859USA Department of Physics&Vitreous State Laboratory The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonDC 20064USA Department of Physics&Department of Chemistry University of North TexasDentonTX 76203USA Center for Autonomous Materials Design Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

In this paper,we perform two-layer high-throughput *** the first layer,which involves changing the crystal structure and/or chemical composition,we analyze selected Ⅲ-Ⅴ semiconductors,filled and unfilled skutterudites,as well as rock salt and layered *** second layer searches the full Brillouin zone(BZ)for critical points within 1.5 eV(1 eV=1.602176×10^(-19)j.of the Fermi level and characterizes those points by computing the effective *** introduce several methods to compute the effective masses from first principles and compare them to each *** approach also includes the calculation of the density-of-states effective masses for warped critical points,where traditional approaches fail to give consistent results due to an underlying non-analytic behavior of the critical *** demonstrate the need to consider the band structure in its full complexity and the value of complementary approaches to compute the effective *** also provide computational evidence that warping occurs only in the presence of degeneracies.

关键词： High-throughput Electronic structure Band warping Effective mass

新版国际植物命名法规(维也纳法规)中的主要变化

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植物分类学报 2007年第2期45卷 251-255页

作者：张丽兵杨亲二 nicholas j.TURLAND j.hn MCNEILL Missouri Botanical Garden 中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室 Missouri Botanical Garden Saint LouisMissouri 63166U.S.A Royal Ontario Museum Torontoand Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh20A Inverleith RowEdinburghEH3 5LRScotlandU.K.

出版于2006年9月的最新版的《国际植物命名法规》,即维也纳法规(Vienna Code),取代了圣路易斯法规(Saint Louis Code)而成为管理植物学(包括藻类学和真菌学)科学命名的唯一有效法规。本文报道了维也纳法规和圣路易斯法规之间的主要区别... 详细信息

出版于2006年9月的最新版的《国际植物命名法规》,即维也纳法规(Vienna Code),取代了圣路易斯法规(Saint Louis Code)而成为管理植物学(包括藻类学和真菌学)科学命名的唯一有效法规。本文报道了维也纳法规和圣路易斯法规之间的主要区别。这些区别包括两版法规在起始日期、有效发表、合格发表、化石植物、多型真菌、拼写和附录诸方面的不同。

关键词：命名法维也纳法规主要变化

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客运交通工具的日光灯照明

智慧轨道交通 1981年第1期 13-14页

作者： j. V. connelly 施治才

客运交通工具有时采用白炽灯照明,但需要在进出口和通道等处控制光照强度。日光灯由于效率高、眩度低和灯管寿命长等优点,在普通照明中得到广泛的应用。安装管状日光灯的客运工具有公共汽车、长途汽车、铁路客车、飞机、气垫车等。对日... 详细信息

客运交通工具有时采用白炽灯照明,但需要在进出口和通道等处控制光照强度。日光灯由于效率高、眩度低和灯管寿命长等优点,在普通照明中得到广泛的应用。安装管状日光灯的客运工具有公共汽车、长途汽车、铁路客车、飞机、气垫车等。对日光灯的要求因其用途不同而不同,除少数情况外,其共同特点是,用蓄电池作电源。由于日光灯的某些特点,当直接以直流电源供电,电压为110伏以下时效率很低。因

关键词：日光灯灯管晶体管 110 铁路客车半导体三极管旅客列车镇流器控制电器客运

The Immune System,Cytokines,and Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2017年第2期33卷 194-204页

作者： Anne Masi nicholas Glozier Russell Dale Adam j.Guastella Autism Clinic for Translational Research Brain and Mind CentreCentral Clinical SchoolSydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South Wales 2050Australia Childrens Hospital at Westmead Clinical School Universityof SydneySydneyNew South Wales 2145Australia

Autism Spectrum Disorder（ASD） is a pervasive neurodevelopmental condition characterized by variable impairments in communication and social interaction as well as restricted interests and repetitive *** of presentation is a hallmark. Investigations of immune system problems in ASD, including aberrations in cytokine pro？les and signaling, have been increasing in recent times and are the subj.ct of ongoing interest. With the aim of establishing whether cytokines have utility as potential biomarkers that may de？ne a subgroup of ASD,or function as an obj.ctive measure of response to treatment, this review summarizes the role of the immune system, discusses the relationship between the immune system, the brain, and behavior, and presents previouslyidenti？ed immune system abnormalities in ASD, speci？-cally addressing the role of cytokines in these *** roles and identi？cation of biomarkers are also addressed, particularly with respect to cytokine pro？les in ASD.

关键词： Autism Spectrum Disorder Cytokine Immune system

Effect of vaccination,border testing,and quarantine requirements on the risk of COVID-19 in New Zealand:A modelling study

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第1期7卷 184-198页

作者： nicholas Steyn Audrey Lustig Shaun C.Hendy Rachelle N.Binny Michael j.Plank Department of Physics University of AucklandNew Zealand School of Mathematics and Statistics University of CanterburyNew Zealand Te Punaha Matatini Centre of Research Excellence in Complex SystemsNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua LincolnNew Zealand

We couple a simple model of quarantine and testing strategies for international travellers with a model for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a partly vaccinated *** use this model to estimate the risk of an infectious traveller causing a community outbreak under various border control strategies and different levels of vaccine coverage in the *** are calculated from N¼100,000 independent realisations of the stochastic *** find that strategies that rely on home isolation are significantly higher risk than the current mandatory 14-day stay in government-managed ***,combinations of testing and home isolation can still reduce the risk of a community outbreak to around one outbreak per 100 infected *** also find that,under some circumstances,using daily lateral flow tests or a combination of lateral flow tests and polymerase chain reaction(PCR)tests can reduce risk to a comparable or lower level than using PCR tests *** with controls on the number of travellers from countries with high prevalence of COVID-19,our results allow different options for managing the risk of COVID-19 at the border to be *** can be used to inform strategies for relaxing border controls in a phased way,while limiting the risk of community outbreaks as vaccine coverage increases.

关键词： vaccine testing border