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Advanced biomedical hydrogels:molecular architecture and its impact on medical applications

Regenerative Biomaterials 2021年第6期8卷 297-317页

作者： Jonathan T.Peters Marissa e.Wechsler nicholas A.Peppas McKetta Department of Chemical engineering The University of Texas at AustinAustin200 E.Dean KeetonAustinTX 78712USA Institute for Biomaterials Drug Deliveryand Regenerative MedicineThe University of Texas at Austin107 W.Dean KeetonAustinTX 78712USA Department of Biomedical engineering and Chemical engineering The University of Texas at San AntonioOne UTSA CircleSan AntonioTX78249USA Department of Biomedical engineering The University of Texas at Austin107 W.Dean KeetonAustinTX 78712USA Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery College of PharmacyThe University of Texas at Austin107 W.Dean KeetonAustinTX 78712USA Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care and Department of PediatricsDell Medical SchoolThe University of Texas at Austin1601 Trinity St.Bldg.BAustinTX 78712USA

Hydrogels are cross-linked polymeric networks swollen in water,physiological aqueous solutions or biological *** are synthesized by a wide range of polymerization methods that allow for the introduction of linear and branched units with specific molecular *** addition,they can be tuned to exhibit desirable chemical characteristics including hydrophilicity or *** synthesized hydrogels can be anionic,cationic,or amphiphilic and can contain multifunctional crosslinks,junctions or tie *** these characteristics,hydrogels exhibit compatibility with biological systems,and can be synthesized to render systems that swell or collapse in response to external *** versatility and compatibility have led to better understanding of how the hydrogel’s molecular architecture will affect their physicochemical,mechanical and biological *** present a critical summary of the main methods to synthesize hydrogels,which define their architecture,and advanced structural characteristics for macromolecular/biological applications.

关键词： hydrogels networks mesh size hydrogel reactions biological applications biomedical applications

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Colonic lesion characterization in inflammatory bowel disease:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第10期24卷 1167-1180页

作者： Richard Lord nicholas e Burr Noor Mohammed Venkataraman Subramanian Department of Gastroenterology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeeds LS97TFUnited Kingdom University of Leeds Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLeeds LS97TFUnited Kingdom

AIM To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis for the diagnostic accuracy of in vivo lesion characterization in colonic inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), using optical imaging techniques, including virtual chromoendoscopy(VCe), dye-based chromoendoscopy(DBC), magnification endoscopy and confocal laser endomicroscopy(CLe). MeTHODS We searched Medline, embase and the Cochrane library. We performed a bivariate meta-analysis to calculate the pooled estimate sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative likelihood ratios(+LHR,-LHR), diagnostic odds ratios(DOR), and area under the SROC curve(AUSROC) for each technology group. A subgroup analysis was performed to investigate differences in real-time nonmagnified Kudo pit patterns(with VCe and DBC) and real-time *** We included 22 studies [1491 patients; 4674 polyps, of which 539(11.5%) were neoplastic]. Real-time CLe had a pooled sensitivity of 91%(95%CI: 66%-98%), specificity of 97%(95%CI: 94%-98%), and an AUSROC of 0.98(95%CI: 0.97-0.99). Magnification endoscopy had a pooled sensitivity of 90%(95%CI: 77%-96%)and specificity of 87%(95%CI: 81%-91%). VCe had a pooled sensitivity of 86%(95%CI: 62%-95%) and specificity of 87%(95%CI: 72%-95%). DBC had a pooled sensitivity of 67%(95%CI: 44%-84%) and specificity of 86%(95%CI: 72%-94%). CONCLUSION Real-time CLe is a highly accurate technology for differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions in patients with colonic IBD. However, most CLe studies were performed by single expert users within tertiary centres, potentially confounding these results.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease dysplasia Lesion characterization Confocal laser endomicroscopy Narrow band imaging I-scan Fujinon intelligence chromoendoscopy

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Interactive effects of elevated CO_2 and Growth Temperature on the Tolerance of Photosynthesis to Acute Heat Stress in C_3 and C_4 Species

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1375-1387页

作者： e. William hamilton III Scott A. Heckathorn Puneet Joshi Dan Wang Deepak Barua Department of Biology Washington and Lee University Lexington Virginia USA Department of environmental Sciences University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA

Determining effects of elevated CO2 on the tolerance of photosynthesis to acute heat-stress （heat wave） is necessary for predicting plant responses to global warming, as photosynthesis is thermolabile and acute heat-stress and atmospheric CO2 will increase in the future. Few studies have examined this, and past results are variable, which may be due to methodological variation. To address this, we grew two C3 and two C4 species at current or elevated CO2 and three different growth temperatures （GT）. We assessed photosynthetic thermotolerance in both unacclimated （basal tolerance） and preheat-stressed （preHS = acclimated） plants. In C3 species, basal thermotolerance of net photosynthesis （Pn） was increased in high CO2, but in C4 species, Pn thermotlerance was decreased by high CO2 （except Zea mays at low GT）; CO2 effects in preHS plants were mostly small or absent, though high CO2 was detrimental in one C3 and one C4 species at warmer GT. Though high CO2 generally decreased stomatal conductance, decreases in P, during heat stress were mostly due to non-stomatal effects. Photosystem Ⅱ （PSⅡ） efficiency was often decreased by high CO2 during heat stress, especially at high GT; CO2 effects on post-PSⅡ electron transport were variable. Thus, high CO2 often affected photosynthetic theromotolerance, and the effects varied with photosynthetic pathway, growth temperature, and acclimation state. Most importantly, in heat-stressed plants at normal or warmer growth temperatures, high CO2 may often decrease, or not benefit as expected, tolerance of photosynthesis to acute heat stress. Therefore, interactive effects of elevated CO2 and warmer growth temperatures on acute heat tolerance may contribute to future changes in plant productivity, distribution, and diversity.

关键词： carbon dioxide global climate change photosynthesis thermotolerance.

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Wastewater Based Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2:Challenges and Perspective from a Canadian Inter-laboratory Study

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2022年第6期34卷 229-232页

作者： Teresa Kumblathan nicholas Piroddi Steve e.Hrudey Xing-Fang Li Division of Analytical and environmental Toxicology Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaAlbert T6G 2G3aCanada

The current rapidly rising 5^(th) wave of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),dominated by the omicron variant,has clearly shown the challenges in monitoring,and tracing clinical cases of *** has been identified by the World Health Organization(WHO)as a variant of concern(VOC)on November 26^(th) of 2021,because of the reported higher risk of transmission,reinfection.

关键词： Wastewater infection. Canadian

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New multi-phonon gamma vibrational bands in A～110 neutron-rich nuclei

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2011年第S1期54卷 44-48页

作者： hamilton J H RAMAYYA A V RASMUSSeN J O HWANG J K YeOH e Y Department of Physics Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The high spin states of neutron-rich 103Nb, 107Tc and 109Tc nuclei in A^110 region have been investigated by measuring prompt γ-γ-γ coincident measurements populated with the spontaneous fission of 252Cf with the Gammasphere detector array. In 103Nb, one-phonon K = 9/2 and two-phonon K = 13/2 γ-vibrational bands have been identified. In 107Tc and 109Tc, one-phonon K = 11/2 and two-phonon K = 15/2 γ-vibrational bands, in which the zero-phonon bands are based on K=7/2 excited states, have also been identified. The two-phonon bands are first observed in odd-Z nuclei. The characteristics for these band structures have been discussed.

关键词： high spin states neutron-rich nucleus γ-vibrational bands

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Nitric oxide activation of a potassium channel (BK_(Ca)) in feline lower esophageal sphincter

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第46期16卷 5852-5860页

作者： Marie-Claude L'Heureux Ahmad Muinuddin Herbert Y Gaisano nicholas e Diamant Department of Physiology University of Toronto Ahmad Muinuddin Nicholas E DiamantToronto Western Research InstituteUniversity Health Network Department of Medicine University of Toronto

AIM:To assess the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the large conductance potassium channel (BKCa) in isolated circular (CM) and sling (SM) muscle cells and muscle strips from the cat lower esophageal sphincter (LeS) to determine its regulation of resting tone and ***:Freshly enzymatically-digested and isolated circular smooth muscle cells were prepared from each LeS *** study outward K + currents,the perforated patch clamp technique was *** assess LeS resting tone and relaxation,muscle strips were mounted in perfused organ ***:(1) electrophysiological recordings from isolated cells:(a) CM was more depolarized than SM (-39.7 ± 0.8mV vs-48.1 ± 1.6 mV,P ent was similar (27.1 ± 1.5 pA/pF vs 25.7 ± 2.0 pA/pF,P > 0.05);(b) The NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) increased outward currents only in CM (25.9 ± 1.9 to 46.7 ± 4.2 pA/pF,P 0.05);(c) SNP added in the presence of the BK Ca antagonist iberiotoxin (IbTX) produced no increase in the outward current in CM (17.0 ± 2.8 vs 13.7 ± 2.2,P > 0.05);and (d) L-NNA caused a small insignificant inhibition of outward K + currents in both muscles;and (2) Muscle strip studies:(a) Blockade of the nerves with tetrodotoxin (TTX),or BK Ca with IbTX had no significant effect on resting tone of either muscle;and (b) SNP reduced tone in both muscles,and was unaffected by the presence of TTX or ***:exogenous NO activates BK Ca only in CM of the ***,as opposed to other species,exogenous NO-induced relaxation is predominantly by a non-BK Ca mechanism,and endogenous NO has minimal effect on resting tone.

关键词： Circular smooth muscle Feline K+ channel Lower esophageal sphincter Nitric oxide Sling Tone

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Re-evaluating the importance of carbohydrates as regenerative biomaterials

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2019年第1期6卷 1-12页

作者： Heidi F.Oldenkamp Julia e.Vela Ramirez nicholas A.Peppas Institute for Biomaterials Drug Deliveryand Regenerative Medicine McKetta Department of Chemical engineering Department of Biomedical engineering Department of Pediatrics Dell Medical School Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care Dell Medical School Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery College of PharmacyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

Introduction Carbohydrates are the most abundant natural biomaterials in the *** interacting with cells of a variety of levels,they take part in essential functions of organisms including cellular communication,inflammation,infection development and *** carbohydrate–cell interactions occur on a variety of levels through glycoconjugates such as glycolipids,glycosaminoglycans(GAGs),glycoproteins and proteoglycans[1–4].The roles of carbohydrates in biological systems pose them as some of the most sought-after *** use of these multifaceted molecules provides the opportunity to tailor desired responses depending on the target application[1–5].

关键词： carbohydrate regenerative biomaterials polysaccharide tissue engineering

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A phase inversion polymer coating to prevent swelling and spalling of clay fines in coal seam gas wells

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2018年第2期5卷 179-190页

作者： Lei Ge Christopher hamilton Rahmah Tasha Febrina Victor Rudolph Thomas e. Rufford School of Chemical engineering The University of Queensland Saint Lucia QLD 4072 Australia Centre for Future Materials University of Southern Queensland Springfield Central QLD 4300 Australia

We report a phase inversion polymer coating as a novel concept with potential to prevent clay swelling and fines generation in coal seam gas, or other petroleum, wellbores. Our approach uses polyethersulfone （PeS） with N-methyl-2- pyrrolidone （NMP） as a water-soluble solvent to form a dense, low-porosity film across the clay-rich interburden layers, but a porous and permeable membrane on coal seams. This contrasting behaviour occurs because the coal contains much more free water than the clay-rich interburden layers. We demonstrate the efficacy of the method to prevent clay spalling in immersion tests and under a flow of fresh water in a visual swell test apparatus. The clay-rich rocks studied were mudstone and siltstone, and these were dip coated in the PeS/NMP solution. The uncoated mudstone swelled and broke apart quickly in the immersion test and visual flow test, but the PeS coated rock samples were stable for 30 days. The coated rock and coal samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The morphology of coated mudstone and coated coal samples showed that the polymer formed a dense layer across the low-permeability mudstone, but an open porous structure on the coal surface. The effect of the coating on the permeability of KCl brine through coal was measured in a core-flood apparatus. Although the permeability of the coal showed some deterioration after coating, from （0.58 ± 0.12） mD to （0.3 ±0.03） mD, these results demonstrate the potential of a smart polymer coating to prevent clay swelling while remaining permeable to gas and water on coal layers.

关键词： Coal bed methane Formation damage Smectite Wellbore stability

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Murine study of portal hypertension associated endothelin-1 hypo-response

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第16期21卷 4817-4828页

作者： nicholas Theodorakis Mary Maluccio nicholas Skill Department of Surgery Division of Transplant SurgeryIndiana School of MedicineIndiana University

AIM:To investigate endothelin-1 hypo-responsive associated with portal hypertension in order to improve patient treatment ***:Wild type,e NOS-/-and i NOS-/-mice receivedpartial portal vein ligation surgery to induce portal hypertension or sham *** of portal hypertension was determined by measuring the splenic pulp pressure,abdominal aortic flow and portal systemic *** measure splenic pulp pressure,a microtip pressure transducer was inserted into the spleen *** aortic flow was measured by placing an ultrasonic Doppler flow probe around the abdominal aorta between the diaphragm and celiac *** systemic shunting was calculated by injection of fluorescent microspheres in to the splenic vein and determining the percentage accumulation of spheres in liver and pulmonary ***-1 hypo-response was evaluated by measuring the change in abdominal aortic flow in response to endothelin-1 intravenous *** addition,thoracic aorta endothelin-1contraction was measured in 5 mm isolated thoracic aorta rings ex-vivo using an ADI small vessel ***:In wild type and i NOS-/-mice splenic pulp pressure increased from 7.5±1.1 mm Hg and 7.2±1 mm Hg to 25.4±3.1 mm Hg and 22±4 mm Hg *** e NOS-/-mice splenic pulp pressure was increased after 1 d(P=NS),after which it decreased and by 7 d was not significantly elevated when compared to 7 d sham operated controls(6.9±0.6 mm Hg and 7.3±0.8 mm Hg respectively,P=0.3).Abdominal aortic flow was increased by 80%and 73%in 7 d portal vein ligated wild type and i NOS when compared to shams,whereas there was no significant difference in 7 d portal vein ligated e NOS-/-mice when compared to ***-1 induced a rapid reduction in abdominal aortic blood flow in wild type,e NOS-/-and i NOS-/-sham mice(50%±8%,73%±9%and 47%±9%respectively).Following portal vein ligation endothelin-1 reduction in blood flow was significantly diminished in each mouse group

关键词： Liver disease Portal hypertension Hyperdynamiccirculation endothelin-1 Nitric oxide synthaseisoforms

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Longitudinal bicyclist,driver,and pedestrian perceptions of autonomous vehicle communication strategies

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation engineering(english edition) 2023年第1期10卷 31-44页

作者： nicholas N.Ferenchak Department of Civil Construction&Environmental EngineeringUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87131USA

We sought to better understand how autonomous vehicle(AV)communication strategies impact human road users’*** specifically,we explored the impact of different external human-machine interface(eHMI)designs on task load,comfort,trust,and *** accomplish this,we created virtual reality(VR)scenarios where human participants interacted with AVs in biking,driving,and pedestrian *** were brought back after initial testing to explore acclimation and learning *** designs included a text-based grille eHMI,a text-based roof eHMI,a text-based driver-side door eHMI,anon-textual LeD windshield strip eHMI,and a non-textual side mirror arrow *** presence of an eHMI was the strongest positive predictor of comfort,trust,and acceptance outcomes in the statistical models when controlling for all other *** was a clear divide between text-based eHMIs and non-text eHMIs with text-based eHMIs experiencing better perception *** LeD Windshield experienced the worst perception *** were perception acclimation effects detected which were most notable for task load(which decreased over time)and comfort(which increased over time).Perception scores for the different eHMI designs tended to cluster over ***,the acclimation effects had less of an impact than the presence of an *** outcomes had weaker relationships with participant characteristics than with AV *** suggest that eHMI presence and design,AV behavior,and acclimation are most impactful in terms of perceptions.

关键词： Vehicle automation Communication Human-automation interaction Technology acceptance Virtual reality

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