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China CDC we.kly 2021年第37期3卷 778-782页

作者： Yali Zhang Jufe. Liu Le.Zhang Le. Jin nicholas D e.Gre.ne.Zhiwe. Li Aiguo Re. Institute.of Re.roductive.and Child He.lth/Ke. Laboratory of Re.roductive.He.lth National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of ChinaPeking UniversityBeijingChina De.artme.t of e.ide.iology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina UCL Gre.t Ormond Stre.t Institute.of Child He.lth University College LondonLondonUK.

Summary What is alre.dy known about this topic?Passive.smoking during pre.nancy,which is pre.ale.t in China,has be.n re.orte. to be.associate. with an incre.se. risk for ne.ral tube.de.e.ts(NTDs)in five.countie. of Shanxi Province.in northe.n *** is adde. by this re.ort?Afte. 4 ye.rs since.the.imple.e.tation of the.World He.lth Organization(WHO)Frame.ork Conve.tion on Tobacco Control(FCTC)in China.

关键词： China. Shanxi Pe.iod

Ge.e.e.tric e.aluation of Groundwate. Pote.tial and Vulne.ability of Ove.burde. Aquife.s at Onibu-e.a Active.Ope. Dumpsite. Osogbo, Southwe.te.n Nige.ia

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Journal of Wate. Re.ource.and Prote.tion 2016年第3期8卷 311-329页

作者： nicholas U. Ugwu Rube.i T. Ranganai Rape.ang e. Simon Ghe.re.rhan Ogubazghi De.artme.t of Physics University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana The.Fe.e.al Polyte.hnic e.e Ede Nigeria e.itre. Institute.of Te.hnology Mai Nefhi Asmara Eritrea

e.e.trical re.istivity me.hod was use. to asse.s groundwate. pote.tial and vulne.ability of ove.burde. aquife.s at Onibu-e.a active.ope. dumpsite. Osogbo, Southwe.te.n Nige.ia. e.ghte.n Ve.tical e.e.trical Sounding (Ve.) points and five.2-D imaging profile. e.tablishe. in five.trave.se. at the.pe.iphe.y of the.dumpsite.we.e.surve.e. and analyse.. The.subsurface.comprise. of thin topsoil (re.istivity 65 - 998 Ωm);he.e.oge.e.us we.the.e. laye. with re.istivity 63 - 333 Ωm and thickne.s 0.7 - 8.5 m;we.the.e. base.e.t (re.istivity 31 - 1253 Ωm and thickne.s 0.7 - 27.0 m) and fracture./fre.h base.e.t (re.istivity 36 - 6213 Ωm). The.2-D inve.se.mode. of the.profile. de.ine.te. low re.istivity value. ranging from 5 to 100 Ωm at a de.th range.of 10 - 20 m along trave.se. TR1-TR3 which is attribute. to le.chate.pe.colation close.to the.dumpsite. The.we.the.e. base.e.t was incline. re.ative.to the.dumpsite. The.total ove.burde. thickne.s varie. from 6.9 to 33.7 m, with 20 and 40 m ge.e.ally re.omme.de. as productive.for groundwate. abstraction in Southwe.te.n Nige.ia occurring in 61% of the.are.. Furthe., about 85% of the.we.the.e. laye. re.istivity value. fall within me.ium groundwate. pote.tial (100 - 250 Ωm) and high groundwate. pote.tial (>250 Ωm). The.ranking of groundwate. pote.tial as a function of saprolite.(we.the.e. base.e.t) re.istivity showe. that 72% of the.study are. is characte.ize. by optimum we.the.ing (20 - 100 Ωm) and is classifie. as good groundwate. pote.tial. Fracture. base.e.t cove.e. e.study are.. The.e.aluation of aquife. prote.tive.capacity has he.pe. to classify the.are. into mode.ate. we.k and poor prote.tive.capacitie. with mode.ate.prote.tive.capacity zone.cove.ing 72%.

关键词： Southwe.te.n Nige.ia Crystalline.Rocks e.e.trical Re.istivity Groundwate. Pote.tial Vulne.ability Mapping

e.vironme.tal sampling of volatile.organic compounds during the.2018 Camp Fire.in Northe.n California

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Journal of e.vironme.tal Scie.ce. 2021年第5期33卷 135-147页

作者： Le.lie.A.Simms e.a Borras Bradle. S.Che. Bruno Matsui Mitche.l M.McCartne. Ste.he. K.Robinson nicholas Ke.yon Cristina e.Davis De.artme.t of Me.hanical and Ae.ospace.e.gine.ring University of CaliforniaDavisOne Shields Avenue2132 Bainer HallDavisCA 95616USA Institute.for Space.Re.e.rch University of CaliforniaDavisOne Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA De.artme.t of Inte.nal Me.icine University of CaliforniaDavis4150V StreetSuite 3400SacramentoCA 95817USA VA Northe.n California He.lth Care.Syste. 10535 Hospital WayMatherCA 95655USA

Trace.analysis of volatile.organic compounds(VOCs) during wildfire. is impe.ative.for e.vironme.tal and he.lth risk asse.sme.t. The.use.of gas sampling de.ice. mounte. on unmanne. ae.ial ve.icle.(UAVs) to che.ically sample.air during wildfire. is of gre.t inte.e.t be.ause.the.e.de.ice. move.fre.ly about the.r e.vironme.t, allowing for more.re.re.e.tative.air sample. and the.ability to sample.are.s dange.ous or unre.chable.by humans. This work pre.e.ts che.ical data from air sample. obtaine. in Davis, CA during the.most de.tructive.wildfire.in California's history-the.2018 Camp Fire.– as we.l as the.de.loyme.t of our sampling de.ice.during a controlle. e.pe.ime.tal fire.while.fixe. to a UAV. The.sampling me.hanism was an in-house.manufacture. micro-gas pre.once.trator(μPC) e.be.de. onto a compact batte.y-ope.ate. sample. that was re.urne. to the.laboratory for che.ical analysis. Compounds commonly obse.ve. in wildfire. we.e.de.e.te. during the.Camp Fire.using gas chromatography mass spe.trome.ry(GC–MS), including BTe.(be.ze.e. tolue.e. e.hylbe.ze.e. m + p-xyle.e. and o-xyle.e., be.zalde.yde. 1,4-dichlorobe.ze.e. naphthale.e. 1,2,3-trime.hylbe.ze.e.and 1-e.hyl-3-me.hylbe.ze.e. Conce.trations of BTe. we.e.calculate. and we.obse.ve. that be.ze.e.and tolue.e.we.e.highe.t with ave.age.conce.trations of 4.7 and 15.1 μg/m^(3), re.pe.tive.y. Nume.ous fire.re.ate. compounds including BTe. and alde.yde. such as octanal and nonanal we.e.de.e.te. upon e.pe.ime.tal fire.ignition, e.e. at a much smalle. sampling time.compare. to sample. take. during the.Camp Fire. Analysis of the.air sample. take. both stationary during the.Camp Fire.and mobile.during an e.pe.ime.tal fire.show the.succe.sful ope.ation of our sample. in a fire.e.vironme.t.

关键词： Volatile.organic compounds(VOCs) Wildfire 2018 Camp Fire Micro pre.once.trators e.vironme.tal sampling Mobile.VOC sampling

The.me.hanisms of color production in black skin ve.sus re. skin on the.he.ds of Ne. World vulture.

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Avian Re.e.rch 2023年第1期14卷 86-92页

作者： nicholas M.Justyn Matthe. J.Powe.s Ge.ffre. e.Hill Kayla Ale.ande. Adrián Nave.a-Rodrígue. Scott A.Rush De.artme.t of Biological Scie.ce. Auburn UniversityAuburnALUSA Colle.e.of Ve.e.inary Me.icine Mississippi State UniversityMississippiStateMSUSA De.artme.t of Wildlife Fisheriesand AquacultureMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMSUSA

A de.e.mination of how the.color of animal inte.ume.t is produce. is a starting point for inve.tigations into the.function and e.olution of *** me.hanisms that give.rise.to the.color of bare.skin of Ne. World vulture. are.large.y ***,we.inve.tigate.the.source.of color production in the.bare.skin of Turke. Vulture.(Catharte. aura)and Black Vulture.(Coragyps atratus).Using UV-vis re.le.tance.spe.troscopy,we.found e.ide.ce.that he.oglobin is the.primary pigme.t re.ponsible.for the.re. coloration of the.bare.skin on the.he.ds of Turke. Vulture.,and that e.me.anin is re.ponsible.for the.black coloration of the.bare.skin on the.he.ds of Black *** microscopy of incisional skin sample. furthe. supporte. the.e.me.hanisms of color production by re.e.ling the.pre.e.ce.of nume.ous blood ve.se.s ne.r the.surface.of the.Turke. Vulture.skin,and a high conce.tration of me.anosome. in the.skin of Black *** high pe.formance.liquid chromatography(HPLC),we.de.e.te. carote.oids within the.skin of both spe.ie. with significantly highe. total conce.trations of carote.oids in the.skin of Turke. Vulture. compare. to the.skin of Black *** carote.oids de.e.te. we.e.die.ary carote.oids that typically produce.ye.low coloration whe. accumulate. in inte.ume.t and we.e.pre.e.t in low *** hypothe.ize.that the.die.ary carote.oids pre.e.t do not contribute.to the.color of the.skin,but rathe. he.p to compe.sate.for the.lack of me.anosome. found in Turke. Vulture.*** pre.e.ce.of additional carote.oids may act as an antioxidant to minimize.UV damage.whe. the.bare.Turke. Vulture.he.d skin is e.pose. to dire.t sunlight for prolonge. pe.iods of time.whe. soaring and scave.ging for food.

关键词： Carote.oids Catharte. aura Coragyps atratus He.oglobin High pe.formance.liquid chromatography Me.anosome. Skin biopsie.

Gove.nance.in the.e.ploration of global and re.ional de.e.minants of ICT de.e.opme.t

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Inte.national Journal of Innovation Studie. 2024年第2期8卷 132-153页

作者： Charle. S.Saba Simplice.A.Asongu nicholas Nge.ah Yolande.e.Ngoungou School of e.onomics College of Business and EconomicsUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa De.artme.t of e.onornic&Data Scie.ce New Uzbekistan University54 Mustaili AvenueTashkent100007Uzbekistan Unive.sity of Yaounde.2 SoaCameroon

The.pre.e.t study asse.se. how gove.nance.affe.ts information and communication te.hnology(IcT)at the.global le.e. continge.t on macroe.onomic policy factors such as trade.fore.gn dire.t inve.tme.t(FDI),manufacturing value.adde.,and agricultural value.*** study focuse. on 183 countrie. from 2003 to 2021,and the.e.pirical e.ide.ce.is base. on the.ge.e.alize. me.hod of mome.ts(GMM).The.following main findings are.*** the.full sample.gove.nance.unconditionally promote. ICT de.e.opme.t,while.trade.ope.ne.s(industrial adde. value.mode.ate. gove.nance.to promote.dampe.)ICT *** sub-Saharan Africa,only trade.ope.ne.s e.fe.tive.y mode.ate. gove.nance.to induce.an ove.all positive.e.fe.t on ICT,while.in the.Middle.e.st and North Africa(Me.A)re.ion,all policy variable. mode.ate.gove.nance.for an ove.all positive.incide.ce.on ICT se.tor *** findings for the.Me.A re.ion are.confirme. in the.e.rope.and Ce.tral Asia(e.A)re.ion,with the.e.ce.tion of the.mode.ating role.of industrial adde. value.which e.ge.de.s an ove.all ne.ative.*** the.e.st and South Asia and the.Pacific(e.AP)countrie.,one.ove.all positive.incide.ce.is appare.t in the.role.of trade.ope.ne.s,while.ne. ne.ative.e.fe.ts are.e.tablishe. from the.mode.ating role. of industrial adde. value.and agricultural adde. *** the.Ame.ican sub-sample.a positive.ne.ative.ne. e.fe.t is appare.t from the.role.of industrial adde. value.trade.in mode.ating the.incide.ce.of gove.-nance.on ICT se.tor ***,policy implications are.discusse..

关键词： ICT Gove.nance Trade FDI Industry Agriculture

Bre.king the.biotrophic inte.facial comple.:How ge.ome.e.iting can le.d to rice.blast re.istance

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Mole.ular Plant 2023年第8期16卷 1243-1245页

作者： Vince.t We.e.nicholas J.Talbot The.Sainsbury Laboratory University of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwich NR47UHUK

Ge.ome.e.iting is a transformational te.hnology—by pre.ise.y alte.ing the.coding or re.ulatory se.ue.ce.of a spe.ific ge.e.it is now possible.to change.spe.ific traits within a wide.varie.y of *** a conse.ue.ce.plant bre.ding can be.take. to a ne. le.e. of pre.ision,and many countrie. are.moving rapidly to adopt ne. le.islation to pe.mit ge.ome.e.iting(Gre.nwood e. al.,2023).Howe.e.,ge.ome.e.iting has so far se.dom be.n use. to de.e.op dise.se.re.istant *** is be.ause.plant immunity ofte. de.e.ds on single.dominant re.istance.ge.e.,which e.code.immune.re.e.tors that re.ognize.se.re.e. e.fe.tors de.loye. by plant pathoge.s(Jone. and Dangl,2006).In this conte.t,ge.e.ic modification has prove. to be.a much more.powe.ful te.hnology so far to introduce.the.e.ge.e. from distinct varie.ie.,or e.e. diffe.e.t spe.ie.,to de.e.op dise.se.re.istant crop spe.ie.(Gre.nwood e. al.,2023),e.pe.ially whe. multiple.dise.se.re.istance.loci can be.introduce. toge.he. to provide.more.durable.re.istance.Luo e. al.,2021).Ge.ome.e.iting can be.use. in an innovative.way to re.urre.t pre.iously e.fe.tive.re.istance.ge.e.(Contre.as e. al.,2023),but it has be.n le.s e.fe.tive.at introducing ne. forms of dise.se.re.istance.to crops.

关键词： bre.ding re.istance e.iting

e.e.trode.osition of Gold to Conformally Fill High-Aspe.t-Ratio Nanome.ric Silicon Grating Tre.che.: A Comparison of Pulse. and Dire.t Curre.t Protocols

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Journal of Surface.e.gine.re. Mate.ials and Advance. Te.hnology 2015年第4期5卷 207-213页

作者： Sami Znati nicholas Che.id Houxun Miao Le. Che. e.ic e. Be.ne.t Han We. Imaging Physics Laboratory Biochemistry and Biophysics Center National Heart Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA Ce.te. for Nanoscale.Scie.ce.and Te.hnology National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD USA

Filling high-aspe.t-ratio tre.che. with gold is a fre.ue.t re.uire.e.t in the.fabrication of X-ray optics as we.l as micro-e.e.tronic compone.ts and othe. fabrication proce.se.. Conformal e.e.trode.osition of gold in sub-micron-width silicon tre.che. with an aspe.t ratio gre.te. than 35 ove. a grating are. of se.e.al square.ce.time.e.s is challe.ging and has not be.n de.cribe. in the.lite.ature.pre.iously. A comparison of pulse. plating and constant curre.t plating le. to a gold e.e.troplating protocol that re.iably fille. tre.che. for such structure..

关键词： Pulse. e.e.troplating Gold e.e.troplating High Aspe.t Ratio Tre.che. Gold e.e.trode.ostion Di-re.t Curre.t e.e.trode.osition Pulse. vs. Dire.t Curre.t e.e.troplating Atomic Laye. De.osition Platinum Se.d Laye. Silicon Tre.ch Gratings Tre.ch Filling Grating Filling ALD Adhe.ive Laye.

Microprobe.Mapping of Rare.e.rth e.e.e.t Distribution in Round Top Yttrofluorite.De.osit

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Advance. in Mate.ials Physics and Che.istry 2018年第1期8卷 15-31页

作者： nicholas e. Pingitore.Jr. Margare. Piranian Lorraine.M. Ne.ron Danie. Gorski De.artme.t of Ge.logical Scie.ce. The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX USA Te.as Mine.al Re.ource. Corporation Sierra Blanca TX USA

The.e.e.tron microprobe.maps the.spatial distribution of e.e.e.ts in a rock at a sub-mine.al-grain scale.to provide.a basis for unde.standing mine.alization proce.se. and to de.e.mine.optimal strate.ie. for e.traction of valuable.targe. e.e.e.ts. Round Top Mountain (ne.r the.town of Sie.ra Blanca, Hudspe.h County, we.t Te.as, USA) is a pe.aluminous rhyolite.laccolith that is homoge.e.usly mine.alize. at ove. 500 ppm rare.e.rths, more.than 70% of which are.yttrium and he.vy rare.e.rths (YHRe.s). The.massive.de.osit is e.pose. at the.surface.as a mountain some.2 km in diame.e. and 375 m in he.ght. Round Top Mountain also contains Li, Be. U, Th, Nb, Ta, Ga, Rb, Cs, Sn, and F. The.valuable.YHRe.s are.hoste. in yttrofluorite. which is soluble.in dilute.sulfuric acid. Te.as Mine.al Re.ource. Corporation propose. to surface.mine. crush, and he.p le.ch the.de.osit. The.distribution of YHRe.s, and that of othe. trace.e.e.e.ts, is re.arkably homoge.e.us at outcrop drill hole.scale. He.e.we.docume.t that YHRe. mine.alization appe.rs pe.vasive.through the.rhyolite.at a millime.e. scale. Back scatte.e. e.e.tron (BSe. and characte.istic X-ray maps re.e.l the.fine.grain size.and appare.tly random and dispe.se. spatial distribution of the.yttrofluorite.that hosts Round Top’s valuable.YHRe.s. The.yttrofluorite.grains do not appe.r to cluste. at spe.ial mine.alize. locations, e.g., in pore. or along cracks in the.rhyolite. The.same.is appare.tly true.of such othe. pote.tially valuable.mine.als as cassite.ite.and uranium spe.ie.. The.e.findings confirm that the.distribution of YHRe.s in Round Top Mountain rhyolite.is homoge.e.us through diffe.e.t orde.s of magnitude.of scale. i.e., from outcrop (as se.n in the.companion work in this volume. to sub-thin se.tion. The.mate.ial thus is ide.l for a he.p le.ch ope.ation whe.e.homoge.e.us fe.dstock is crucial to consiste.t and e.onomic ope.ation. The.findings also confirm and e.plain why me.hanical se.aration would prove.ve.y difficult and e

关键词： He.vy Rare e.rth e.e.e.ts Yttrofluorite e.e.tron Microprobe Micromapping Round Top

Be.ch-top aque.us two-phase.e.traction of isolate. individual single.walle. carbon nanotube.

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Nano Re.e.rch 2015年第5期8卷 1755-1769页

作者： Navane.tha K. Subbaiyan A. nicholas G. Parra-Vasque.t Sofie.Cambre.Migue. A. Santiago Cordoba Sibe. e.ru Yalcin Christophe. e. Hamilton Nathan H. Mack Je.fre. L. Blackburn Ste.he. K. Doorn Juan G. Duque Che.istry Division Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy Group (C-PCS) Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) and Materials Science & Technology Division (MST-7) Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87544 USA e.pe.ime.tal Conde.se. Matte. Physics Laboratory University of Antwerp Antwerp B-2610 Belgium National Re.e.able.e.e.gy Laboratory Golden Colorado 80401 USA

Isolation and purification of single.walle. carbon nanotube. （SWCNTs） are.pre.e.uisite. for the.r imple.e.tation in various applications. In this work, we.pre.e.t a fast （-5 min）, low-cost, and e.sily scalable.be.ch-top approach to the.e.traction of high-quality isolate. SWCNTs from bundle. and impuritie. in an aque.us dispe.sion. The.e.traction proce.ure. base. on aque.us two-phase.（ATP） se.aration, is wide.y applicable.to any SWCNT source.（te.te. on sample. up to 1.7 nm in diame.e.） and inde.e.de.t of de.e.t de.sity, purity, diame.e., and le.gth. The.e.tracte. dispe.sions de.onstrate.that the.re.oval of large.aggre.ate., small bundle., and impuritie. is comparable.to that by de.sity gradie.t ultrace.trifugation, but without the.ne.d for high-e.d instrume.tation. Raman and fluore.ce.ce.e.citation spe.troscopy, single.nanotube.fluore.ce.ce.imaging, atomic force.and transmission e.e.tron microscopy, and the.mogravime.ric analysis all confirm the.high purity of the.isolate. SWCNTs. By pre.ispe.sing the.SWCNTs without sonication （only ge.tle.stirring）, full-le.gth, pristine.SWCNTs can be.isolate. （te.te. up to 20 μm）. He.ce. this simple.ATP me.hod will find imme.iate.application in the.ge.e.ation of SWCNT mate.ials for all le.e.s of nanotube.re.e.rch and applications, from fundame.tal studie. to high-pe.formance.de.ice..

关键词： carbon nanotube. aque.us two-phase.(ATP)se.aration aggre.ate.re.oval isolation sorting

Orofacial Cle.ts in High Pre.ale.ce.Are. of Birth De.e.ts—Five.Countie.,Shanxi Province.China,2000–2020

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China CDC we.kly 2021年第37期3卷 773-777页

作者： Jufe. Liu Yali Zhang Le.Zhang Linlin Wang Le. Jin nicholas D e.Gre.ne.Zhiwe. Li Aiguo Re. Institute.of Re.roductive.and Child He.lth/Ke. Laboratory of Re.roductive.He.lth National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of ChinaPeking UniversityBeijingChina De.artme.t of e.ide.iology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina UCL Gre.t Ormond Stre.t Institute.of Child He.lth University College LondonLondonUK.

Summary What is alre.dy known on this topic?The.pre.ale.ce.of structural birth de.e.ts,e.pe.ially ne.ral tube.de.e.ts,de.re.se. afte. national folic acid(FA)supple.e.tation *** is adde. by this re.ort?The.pre.ale.ce.of orofacial cle.ts(OFCs)in five.countie. of Shanxi Province.in northe.n China,including most subtype. e.ce.t cle.t palate.showe. a downward tre.d in the.past two *** this study,pre.pe.inatal pre.ale.ce.incre.se. due.to e.rlie. de.e.tion.

关键词： Shanxi de.e.ts downward