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System-level Pareto frontiers for on-chip thermoelectric coolers

Frontiers in Energy 2018年第1期12卷 109-120页

作者： Sevket U. YURUKER Michael c. FISH Zhi YANG nicholas BALDASARO Philip BARLETTA Avram BAR-cOHEN Bao YANG Department of Mechanical Engineering University of MarylandCollege Park MD 20742 USA Research Triangle Institute Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA Micross components Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA

The continuous rise in heat dissipation of integrated circuits necessitates advanced thermal solutions to ensure system reliability and efficiency. Thermoelectric coolers are among the most promising techniques for dealing with localized on-chip hot spots. This study focuses on establishing a holistic optimization methodol- ogy for such thermoelectric coolers, in which a thermo- electric element＇s thickness and the electrical current are optimized to minimize source temperature with respect to ambient, when the thermal and electrical parasitic effects are considered. It is found that when element thickness and electrical current are optimized for a given system architecture, a ＂heat flux vs. temperature difference＂ Pareto frontier curve is obtained, indicating that there is an optimum thickness and a corresponding optimum current that maximize the achievable temperature reduc- tion while removing a particular heat flux. This methodol- ogy also provides the possible system level AT＇s that can be achieved for a range of heat fluxes, defining the upper limits of thermoelectric cooling for that architecture. In this study, use was made of an extensive analytical model, which was verified using commercially available finite element analysis software. Through the optimization process, 3 pairs of master curves were generated, which were then used to compose the Pareto frontier for any given system architecture. Finally, a case study wasperformed to provide an in-depth demonstration of the optimization procedure for an example application.

关键词： thermoelectric cooling thermal management,optimization high flux electronics

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cUTIN SYNTHASE 2 Maintains Progressively Developing cuticular Ridges in Arabidopsis Sepals

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Molecular Plant 2017年第4期10卷 560-574页

作者： Lilan Hong Joel Brown nicholas A. Segerson Jocelyn K.c. Rose Adrienne H.K. Roeder Weiil institute for ceil and Molecular Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA Field of Genetics Genomics and Development Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA

The cuticle is a crucial barrier on the aerial surfaces of land plants, in many plants, including Arabidopsis, the sepals and petals form distinctive nanoridges in their cuticles. However, little is known about how the formation and maintenance of these nanostructures is coordinated with the growth and development of the underlying cells. Here we report the characterization of the Arabidopsis cutin synthase 2 （cus2） mutant, which causes a great reduction in cuticular ridges on the mature sepal epidermis, but only a moderate effect on petal cone cell ridges. Using scanning electron microscopy and confocal live imaging combined with quantification of cellular growth, we find that cuticular ridge formation progresses down the sepal from tip to base as the sepal grows, pcUS2：：GFP-GUS reporter expression coincides with cutic- ular ridge formation, descending the sepal from tip to base. Ridge formation also coincides with the reduction in growth rate and termination of cell division of the underlying epidermal cells. Surprisingly, cuticular ridges at first form normally in the cus2 mutant, but are lost progressively at later stages of sepal development, indicating that cUS2 is crucial for the maintenance of cuticular ridges after they are formed~ Our results reveal the dynamics of both ridge formation and maintenance as the sepal grows.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana cellular growth cUTIN SYNTHASE2 (cUS2) cuticular ridges nanoridges sepal

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cOVID-19 in Brazil:Epidemiological update and perspectives

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020年第5期13卷 193-196页

作者： Marli c cupertino Graziela A cupertino Andréia P Gomes nicholas AJ Mayers R Siqueira-Batista Medical School Faculdade Dinamica do Vale do PirangaPonte NovaMinas GeraisBrazil Laboratory of Epidemiological and computational Methods in Health Department of Medicine and NursingUniversidade Federal de VicosaVicosaMinas GeraisBrazil Department of Veterinary Medicine Universidade Federal de VicosaVicosaMinas GeraisBrazil

coronaviruses are RNA viruses (Family: coronaviridae) constituents of a significant number of viruses that provoke diseases in animals and human beings. There are four genera of these microorganisms: Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Deltacoronavirus and Gammacoronavirus. From this group, the alpha- and beta-coronaviruses are designated as human coronavirus (HcoV) for their propensity to infect human beings[1].

关键词： diseases corona Brazil

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Excited electronic states and internal conversion in cyanocobalamin

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chinese chemical Letters 2015年第4期26卷 439-443页

作者： Theodore E.Wiley Brenden c.Arruda nicholas A.Miller Michael Lenard Roseanne J.Sension Department of chemistry University of Michigan

cyanocobalamin （cNcbl） is a paradigm system for the study of excited electronic states and biological cofactors including the B12 vitamers, The photophysics of cNcbl has been thoroughly investigated using both ultrafast spectroscopy and time dependent density functional theory （TD-DFT）. Here we review the spectroscopic and theoretical investigations of cNcbl with emphasis on the nature of S1, the lowest excited electronic state, and extend the spectroscopic measurements to include the ultraviolet region of the spectrum. Ultrafast transient absorption measurements in the visible αβ band region and in the mid- infrared led to assignment of the S1 state to a ligand-to-metal charge transfer （LMcT） with lengthened axial bonds and a ~3 kcal/mol harrier for internal conversion to the ground state. The present measurements encompassing the y band region of the spectrum provide further support for the assignment of the S1 state. The experiments are in good agreement with the results of TD-DFT calculations which confirm the expected lengthening of the axial bonds in S1 and account for the observed barrier for internal conversion back to the ground state,

关键词： cyanocobalaminExcited electronic statesUltrafast spectroscopyTime dependent density functional theoryLigand-to-metal charge transfer

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chebfun and numerical quadrature

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Science china Mathematics 2012年第9期55卷 1749-1760页

作者： HALE nicholas TREFETHEN Lloyd N Mathematical Institute University of OxfordOxford OX1 3LBUK

chebfun is a Matlab-based software system that overloads Matlab's discrete operations for vectors and matrices to analogous continuous operations for functions and *** begin by describing chebfun's fast capabilities for clenshaw-curtis and also Gauss-Legendre,-Jacobi,-Hermite,and-Laguerre quadrature,based on algorithms of Waldvogel and Glaser,Liu and *** we consider how such methods can be applied to quadrature problems including 2D integrals over rectangles,fractional derivatives and integrals,functions defined on unbounded intervals,and the fast computation of weights for barycentric interpolation.

关键词： chebfun clenshaw-curtis quadrature Gauss quadrature barycentric interpolation formula Riemann-Liouville integral fractional calculus

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Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) activity of Streptococcus macedonicus MBF10-2 and its synergistic action in combination with antibiotics

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第12期10卷 1140-1145页

作者： Sharon Edith Grazia Sumayyah Sumayyah Fakhri Subhana Haiti Muhamad Sahlan nicholas c.K. Heng Amarila Malik Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Group Faculty of PharmacyUniversitas IndonesiaUI Campus DepokDepok 16424Indonesia Division of Bioprocess Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas IndonesiaUI Campus DepokDepok 16424Indonesia research centre for biomedical engineering faculty of engineering universitas indonesiaui campus depok Sir John Walsh Research Institute Faculty of DentistryUniversity of OtagoP.O. Box 56Dunedin 9054New Zealand

Objective: To characterize the bacteriocin-like inhibitory-substances(BLIS) activity of Streptococcus macedonicus MBF10-2 [named BLIS(MBF10-2)], a bacteriocinogenic strain isolated from an Indonesian tofu ***: BLIS(MBF10-2) was obtained by culturing the bacterium, and standard deferred antagonism assays were used to demonstrate its activity. The antibacterial testing of fractions collected by filtration using 3–30 kDa cut-off membrane sizes were carried out by performing well diffusion ***: The growth of Micrococcus luteus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Lactococcus lactis,Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Weissella confusa were inhibited by BLIS(MBF10-2).Interestingly, BLIS-containing fractions obtained from sequential application on ultrafiltration membranes indicated that this bacterium Streptococcus macedonicus MBF10-2 could produces at least two antimicrobial peptides activities, one of which is likely to be a lantibiotic peptide. Potential synergistic activity against certain Gram-positive(but not Gram-negative) species when partnered with antibiotics(ampicillin, tetracycline or kanamycin) were ***: combination of some BLIS(MBF10-2) active fractions with antibiotics(ampicillin, tetracycline or kanamycin) could demonstrate synergistic activities against certain Gram-positive species.

关键词： Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance Deferred antagonism assay Lantibiotic Protein fractionation Streptococcus macedonicus Well diffusion assay

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Junctional epithelium and hemidesmosomes:Tape and rivets for solving the“percutaneous device dilemma”in dental and other permanent implants

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第12期7卷 178-198页

作者： nicholas G.Fischer conrado Aparicio MDRcBB-Minnesota Dental Research center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics University of Minnesota16-212 Moos Tower515 Delaware St.SEMinneapolisMN55455USA Division of Basic Research Faculty of OdontologyUIC Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de CatalunyaC/.Josep Trueta s/n08195Sant Cugat del VallesBarcelonaSpain Institute for Bioengineering of catalonia(IBEc) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology(BIST)C/.Baldiri Reixac 10-1208028BarcelonaSpain

The percutaneous device dilemma describes etiological factors, centered around the disrupted epithelial tissue surrounding non-remodelable devices, that contribute to rampant percutaneous device infection. Natural percutaneous organs, in particular their extracellular matrix mediating the “device”/epithelium interface, serve as exquisite examples to inspire longer lasting long-term percutaneous device design. For example, the tooth’s imperviousness to infection is mediated by the epithelium directly surrounding it, the junctional epithelium (JE). The hallmark feature of JE is formation of hemidesmosomes, cell/matrix adhesive structures that attach surrounding oral gingiva to the tooth’s enamel through a basement membrane. Here, the authors survey the multifaceted functions of the JE, emphasizing the role of the matrix, with a particular focus on hemidesmosomes and their five main components. The authors highlight the known (and unknown) effects dental implant - as a model percutaneous device - placement has on JE regeneration and synthesize this information for application to other percutaneous devices. The authors conclude with a summary of bioengineering strategies aimed at solving the percutaneous device dilemma and invigorating greater collaboration between clinicians, bioengineers, and matrix biologists.

关键词： Percutaneous device Percutaneous implant Hemidesmosome Junctional epithelium Bioinspired surfaces

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The challenge to improve the response of biomaterials to the physiological environment

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2016年第2期3卷 67-71页

作者： nicholas A.Peppas John R.clegg McKetta Department of chemical Engineering College of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at Austin Department of Biomedical Engineering College of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at Austin Institute for Biomaterials Drug Delivery and Regenerative MedicineCollege of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at Austin Department of Surgery and Perioperative care Dell Medical SchoolCollege of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at Austin Division of Pharmaceutics College of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at Austin.

New applications of biomaterials often require advanced structures containing synthetic and natural components that are tuned to provide properties unique to a specific *** discuss how structural characteristics of biomaterials,especially hydrophilic ones,can be used in conjunction with non-ideal thermodynamics to develop advanced medical *** show a number of examples of biocompatible,intelligent biomaterials that can be used for organ replacement,biosensors,precise drug delivery over days or weeks,and regenerative medicine.

关键词： drug delivery nanobiomaterials regenerative mechanism materials structure

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Generation of high energy and good beam quality pulses with a master oscillator power amplifier

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chinese Optics Letters 2004年第7期2卷 399-401页

作者：李志刚 Z.Xiong nicholas Moore chen Tao G.c.Lim 黄维玲黄德修 State Key Laboratory of Laser Technology Huazhong University of Science & Technology Wuhan 430074 Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology Singapore 638075 Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology Singapore 638075 State Key Laboratory of Laser Technology Huazhong University of Science & Technology Wuhan 430074 State Key Laboratory of Laser Technology Huazhong University of Science & Technology Wuhan 430074 high efficiency and high peak power laser system with short-pulse and good beam quality has been demonstrated by using a master oscillator power amplifier with two-pass amplification configuration. The master oscillator end-pumped with a fiber-coupled laser diode array provides low power but excellent beam quality pulses and the amplifier boosts the pulse energy by orders without significant beam quality degradation. Short pulses of 8.5 ns with energy up to 130 mJ and approximately diffraction limited beam quality have been demonstrated.

A high efficiency and high peak power laser system with short-pulse and good beam quality has been demonstrated by using a master oscillator power amplifier with two-pass amplification configuration. The master oscillator, end-pumped with a fiber-coupled laser diode array, provides low power but excellent beam quality pulses, and the amplifier boosts the pulse energy by orders without significant beam quality degradation. Short pulses of 8.5 ns with energy up to 130 mJ and approximately diffraction limited beam quality have been demonstrated.

关键词： Laser pulses Optical parametric oscillators Power amplifiers Pulse amplifiers Semiconductor lasers

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Experimental models to study cholangiocyte biology

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2002年第1期8卷 1-4页

作者： Pamela S.Tietz Robert c.Huebert Anatoliy Masyuk Tatyana Masyuk Patrick L.Splinter nicholas F.LaRusso center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases Department of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMayo Medical SchoolClinic and FoundationRochesterMN 55905

cholangiocytes-the epithelial cells which line the bileducts-are increasingly recognized as importanttransporting epithelia actively involved in the absorptionand secretion of water,ions,and *** is due in part to the recent development ofnew experimental *** biologic concepts haveemerged including the identification and topography ofreceptors and flux proteins on the apical and/orbasolateral membrane which are involved in the molecularmechanisms of ductal bile *** isolatedand/or perfused bile duct units from livers of rats andmice serve as new,physiologically relevant in vitromodels to study cholangiocyte *** treedimensions and novel insights into anatomic remodeling ofproliferating bile ducts have emerged from three-dimensional reconstruction using cT scanning andsophisticated ***,new pathologicconcepts have arisen regarding the interaction ofcholangiocytes with pathogens such as *** concepts and associated methodologiesmay provide the framework to develop new therapies forthe cholangiopathies,a group of important hepatobiliarydiseases in which cholangiocytes are the target cell.

关键词： Animals Bile Ducts Biological Transport Epithelial cells Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

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