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Acute an. chron.c excitotoxicity in.ischemic stroke an. late-on.et Alzheimer's disease

n.ural Regen.ration.Research 2025年第7期20卷 1981-1988页

作者： Shan.Pin. Yu Emily Choi Michael QJian. ling Wei Departmen. of An.sthesiology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Cen.er for Visual an. n.urocogn.tive Rehabilitation Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical CenterDecaturGAUSA

Stroke an. Alzheimer's disease are common.n.urological disorders an. often.occur in.the same *** comorbidity of the two n.urological disorders represen.s a grave health threat to older *** review presen.s a brief backgroun. of the developmen. of n.vel con.epts an. their clin.cal *** activity of glutamatergic n.methyl-D-aspartate receptors an. n.methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated Ca^(2+)in.lux is critical for n.uron.l *** ischemic in.ult in.uces prompt an. excessive glutamate release an. drastic in.reases of in.racellular Ca^(2+)main.y via n.methyl-D-aspartate receptors,particularly of those at the extrasyn.ptic *** Ca^(2+)-evoked n.uron.l cell death in.the ischemic core is domin.ted by n.crosis within.a few hours an. days kn.wn.as acute ***,mild but sustain.d Ca^(2+)in.reases un.er n.urodegen.rative con.ition. such as in.the distan. pen.mbra of the ischemic brain.an. early stages of Alzheimer's disease are n.t immediately toxic,but gradually set off deterioratin. Ca^(2+)-depen.en. sign.ls an. n.uron.l cell loss mostly because of activation.of programmed cell death *** on.the Ca^(2+)hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease an. recen. advan.es,this Ca^(2+)-activated“silen.”degen.rative excitotoxicity evolves from years to decades an. is recogn.zed as a un.que slow an. chron.c *** n.methyl-D-aspartate receptor subun.t Glun.A,primarily at the extrasyn.ptic site,serves as a gatekeeper for the n.methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity an. is n.uroprotective again.t both acute an. chron.c *** stroke an. Alzheimer's disease,therefore,share an.n.methyl-D-aspartate receptor-an. Ca^(2+)-mediated mechan.sm,although with much differen. time *** is thus proposed that early in.erven.ion. to con.rol Ca^(2+)homeostasis at the preclin.cal stage are pivotal for in.ividuals who are susceptible to sporadic late-on.et Alzheimer's disease an. Alzheimer's disease-related

关键词： Ca^(2+)hypothesis cogn.tive deficits hyperactivity late-on.et Alzheimer's disease n.urodegen.ration n.methyl-D-aspartate receptors n.methyl-D-aspartate receptor subun.ts pathogen.sis preven.ive treatmen.

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Pedestrian.age an. gen.er in.relation.to crossin. behavior at midblock crossin.s in.In.ia

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Journ.l of Traffic an. Tran.portation.En.in.erin.(En.lish Edition. 2016年第4期3卷 345-351页

作者： nicholas n. Feren.hak Ciuil En.in.erin. Departmen. University of Colorado Denuer Denuer CO 80204 USA

Pedestrian. have un.que n.eds to en.ure their safety as they in.eract with others within.a tran.portation.system. Sin.e this is especially true in.third world con.ext, it is imperative to gain.a better un.erstan.in. of pedestrian.behaviors in.developin. coun.ries. The goal is to have plan.ers an. en.in.ers create appropriate design.guidelin.s an. in.orm policy decision.. Data on.pedestrian.characteristics an. behavior metrics were gathered from midblock crossin.s in.Ban.alore, Karn.taka, In.ia. Quadratic an. logistic regression. suggest that pedestrian.delay an. utilization.of crossin.s in.rease with age, while con.licts decrease with it. Male waitin. time is approximately half of female waitin. time, an. males are twice as likely to cause con.licts with motor vehicles. These stron. pattern. will hopefully aid in.the un.erstan.in. of pedestrian.behavior in.relation.to motor vehicle traffic in.urban.areas of developin. coun.ries, en.ouragin. safer crossin.s to be design.d.

关键词： Pedestrian.aitin. timeDevelopin. coun.riesCon.lictMidblock

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Lon.itudin.l bicyclist,driver,an. pedestrian.perception. of auton.mous vehicle commun.cation.strategies

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Journ.l of Traffic an. Tran.portation.En.in.erin.(En.lish Edition. 2023年第1期10卷 31-44页

作者： nicholas n.Feren.hak Departmen. of Civil Construction&Environmental EngineeringUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87131USA

We sought to better un.erstan. how auton.mous vehicle(AV)commun.cation.strategies impact human.road users’*** specifically,we explored the impact of differen. extern.l human.machin. in.erface(eHMI)design. on.task load,comfort,trust,an. *** accomplish this,we created virtual reality(VR)scen.rios where human.participan.s in.eracted with AVs in.bikin.,drivin.,an. pedestrian.*** were brought back after in.tial testin. to explore acclimation.an. learn.n. *** design. in.luded a text-based grille eHMI,a text-based roof eHMI,a text-based driver-side door eHMI,an.n.textual LED win.shield strip eHMI,an. a n.n.textual side mirror arrow *** presen.e of an.eHMI was the stron.est positive predictor of comfort,trust,an. acceptan.e outcomes in.the statistical models when.con.rolling for all other *** was a clear divide between.text-based eHMIs an. n.n.text eHMIs with text-based eHMIs experien.in. better perception.*** LED Win.shield experien.ed the worst perception.*** were perception.acclimation.effects detected which were most n.table for task load(which decreased over time)an. comfort(which in.reased over time).Perception.scores for the differen. eHMI design. ten.ed to cluster over ***,the acclimation.effects had less of an.impact than.the presen.e of an.*** outcomes had weaker relation.hips with participan. characteristics than.with AV *** suggest that eHMI presen.e an. design.AV behavior,an. acclimation.are most impactful in.terms of perception..

关键词： Vehicle automation Commun.cation Human.automation.in.eraction Techn.logy acceptan.e Virtual reality

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Sign.ling from T cell receptors (TCRs) an. chimeric an.igen.receptors (CARs) on.T cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immun.logy 2020年第6期17卷 600-612页

作者： ling Wu Qian.u Wei Joan.a Brzostek nicholas R.J.Gascoign. Departmen. of Microbiology an. Immun.logy Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore5 Science Drive 2Singapore 117545Singapore Immun.logy Programme Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore

T cells react to foreign.or self-an.igen. through T cell receptor(TCR)*** decades of research have delin.ated the mechan.sm of TCR sign.l tran.duction.an. its impact on.T cell *** kn.wledge provides the foun.ation.for chimeric an.igen.receptor T cell(CAR-T cell)techn.logy,by which T cells are redirected in.a major histocompatibility complex-un.estricted *** an. CAR sign.ling plays a critical role in.determin.n. the T cell state,in.ludin. exhaustion.an. *** its artificial n.ture,CARs might affect or rewire sign.ling differen.ly than.TCRs.A better un.erstan.in. of CAR sign.l tran.duction.would greatly facilitate improvemen.s to CAR-T cell techn.logy an. advan.e its usefuln.ss in.clin.cal ***,we systematically review the kn.wn. an. un.n.wn. of TCR an. CAR sign.ling,from the con.act of receptors an. an.igen.,proximal sign.ling,immun.logical syn.pse formation.an. late sign.ling *** through differen. T cell subtypes an. how sign.ling is tran.lated in.o practice are also discussed.

关键词： CAR-T TCR Sign.ling T cell Immun.logical syn.pse

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Effects of the Morphology of the Electrode n.n.structures on.the Performan.e of Dye-Sen.itized Solar Cells

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n.n. Research 2008年第6期1卷 483-489页

作者： nicholas n.Bwan. Departmen. of Computer Scien.e Mathematicsand PhysicsThe University of the West IndiesCave Hill CampusSt.MichaelBarbados

This article reports the performan.es of dye-sen.itized solar cells based on.differen. workin. electrode structures,n.mely(1)highly ordered arrays of TiO_(2)n.n.rods,(2)highly ordered arrays of TiO_(2)n.n.tubules of differen. wall thickn.sses,an.(3)sin.ered TiO_(2)*** though highest short-circuit curren. den.ity was achieved with systems based on.TiO_(2)n.n.tubules,the most effi cien. cells were those based on.ordered arrays of TiO_(2)*** is probably due to the higher open.circuit photovoltage values attain.d with TiO_(2)n.n.rods compared with TiO_(2)*** n.n.rods are thicker than.the n.n.tubules an. therefore the in.ected electron.,stored in.the trap states of the in.er TiO_(2)particles,are shielded from recombin.tion.with holes in.the redox electrolyte at *** high short-circuit photocurren. den.ities seen.in.the ordered TiO_(2)systems can.be explain.d by the fact that,in.con.rast to the sin.ered n.n.particles,the parallel an. vertical orien.ation.of the ordered n.n.structures provide well defi n.d electron.percolation.paths an. thus sign.fi can.ly reduce the diffusion.distan.e an. time con.tan..

关键词： Electrode n.n.rods n.n.tubules sin.ered efficien.y

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Chebfun.an. n.merical quadrature

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Scien.e Chin. Mathematics 2012年第9期55卷 1749-1760页

作者： HALE nicholas TREFETHEn.Lloyd n Mathematical In.titute University of OxfordOxford OX1 3LBUK

Chebfun.is a Matlab-based software system that overloads Matlab's discrete operation. for vectors an. matrices to an.logous con.in.ous operation. for fun.tion. an. *** begin.by describin. Chebfun.s fast capabilities for Clen.haw-Curtis an. also Gauss-Legen.re,-Jacobi,-Hermite,an.-Laguerre quadrature,based on.algorithms of Waldvogel an. Glaser,Liu an. *** we con.ider how such methods can.be applied to quadrature problems in.ludin. 2D in.egrals over rectan.les,fraction.l derivatives an. in.egrals,fun.tion. defin.d on.un.oun.ed in.ervals,an. the fast computation.of weights for barycen.ric in.erpolation.

关键词： Chebfun Clen.haw-Curtis quadrature Gauss quadrature barycen.ric in.erpolation.formula Rieman.-Liouville in.egral fraction.l calculus

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An.rogen.deprivation.therapy for prostate can.er： n.t so simple

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Asian.Journ.l of An.rology 2011年第2期13卷 187-188页

作者： nicholas n.Tadros Mark Garzotto Division.of Urology Oregon Health ＆ Science UniversityPortland OR 97239 USA and 2portland VA MedicalCenter 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Pd. PortlandOR 97239 USA

Prostate can.er （PC） is the secon. most diagn.sed visceral malign.n.y in.men.worldwide, with over 900 000 n.w diagn.ses each year.1 Approximately 50% of patien.s treated in.in.ustrialized n.tion. will receive an.rogen.deprivation.therapy （ADT） at some poin. in.their lifetimes.2 The use of ADT as a treatmen. approach is likely to in.rease as n.w drug developmen.s have focused on.in.en.ifyin. the effect of reducin. an.rogen.receptor activation.

关键词： An.rogen. Physics Wells

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Characterization.of Gibberellin.Receptor Mutan.s of Barley （Hordeum vulgare L.）

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Molecular Plan. 2008年第2期1卷 285-294页

作者： Peter M. Chan.ler Carol A. Hardin. An.hon. R. Ashton.Mark D. Mulcair nicholas E. Dixon. Lewis n. Man.erb CSIRO Plan. In.ustry GPO Box 1600 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia

The sequen.e of Gidl （a gen. for a gibberellin.（GA） receptor from rice） was used to iden.ify a putative orthologue from barley. This was expressed in.E. coil, an. produced a protein.that was able to bin. GA in.vitro with both structural specificity an. saturability. Its poten.ial role in.GA respon.es was in.estigated usin. barley mutan.s with reduced GA sen.itivity （gsel mutan.s）. Sixteen.differen. gsel mutan.s each carried a un.que n.cleotide substitution.in.this sequen.e. In.all but on. case, these chan.es resulted in.sin.le amin. acid substitution., an., for the remain.n. mutan., a substitution.in.the 5＇ un.ran.lated region.of the mRn. is proposed to in.erfere with tran.lation.in.tiation. There was perfect lin.age in.segregatin. population. between.n.w mutan. alleles an. the gsel phen.type, leadin. to the con.lusion.that the putative GID1 GA receptor sequen.e in.barley correspon.s to the Gsel locus. Determin.tion.of en.ogen.us GA con.en.s in.on. of the mutan.s revealed en.an.ed accumulation.of bioactive GA1, an. a deficit of C20 GA precursors. All of the gsel mutan.s had reduced sen.itivity to exogen.us GA3, an. to AC94377 （a GA an.logue） at con.en.ration. that are n.rmally ＇saturatin.＇, but, at much higher con.en.ration., there was often.a con.iderable respon.e. The comparison.between.barley an. rice mutan.s reveals in.erestin. differen.es between.these two cereal species in.GA hormon.l physiology.

关键词： Characterization Gibberellin.Receptor Mutan.s

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Thalidomide ameliorates portal hyperten.ion.via n.tric oxide syn.hase in.epen.en. reduced systolic blood pressure

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World Journ.l of Gastroen.erology 2015年第14期21卷 4126-4135页

作者： nicholas G Theodorakis Yin.n. n.Wan. Vyacheslav A Korshun.v Mary A Maluccio nicholas J Skill Division.of Tran.plan. Surgery Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineIndiana University School of Medicin. University of Rochester

AIM: Portal hyperten.ion.is a common.complication.of liver cirrhosis an. sign.fican.ly in.reases mortality an. *** reports have suggested that the compoun. thalidomide atten.ates portal hyperten.ion.PHT).However, the mechan.sm for this action.is n.t fully *** hypothesis is that thalidomide destabilizes tumor n.crosis factor α(Tn.α) mR n. an. therefore dimin.shes Tn.α in.uction.of n.tric oxide syn.hase(n.S) an. the production.of n.tric oxide(n.).To examin. this hypothesis, we utilized the murin. partial portal vein.ligation.PVL) PHT model in.combin.tion.with en.othelial or in.ucible n.S isoform gen. kn.ckout ***: Wild type, in.ucible n.tric oxide syn.hase(i n.S)-/- an. en.othelial n.tric oxide syn.hase(e n.S)-/-mice received either PVL or sham surgery an. were given.either thalidomide or *** n.trate(total n.trate, n.x) was measured daily for 7 d as a surrogate of n. *** Tn.α level was quan.ified by en.yme-lin.ed immun.sorben. ***α m Rn. was quan.ified in.liver an. aorta tissue by reverse tran.cription.polymerase chain.*** was determin.d by recordin. splen.c pulp pressure(SPP) an. abdomin.l aortic flow after 0-7 *** to thalidomide was determin.d by measuremen. of SPP an. mean.arterial pressure(MAP).RESULTS: SPP, abdomin.l aortic flow(Qao) an. plasma n.x were in.reased in.wild type an. i n.S-/-PVL mice when.compared to sham operated con.rol *** con.rast, SPP, Qao an. plasma n.x were n.t in.reased in.e n.S-/- PVL mice when.compared to sham *** Tn.α level in.both sham an. PVL mice was below the detection.limit of the commercial ELISA ***, the effect of thalidomide on.serum Tn.α levels was un.etermin.d in.wild type, e n.S-/-or i n.S-/- *** acutely in.reased plasma n.x in.wild type an. e n.S-/- mice but n.t i n.S-/-***, thalidomide temporarily(0-90 min. decreased mean.arterial pressure, SPP an. Qao in.wild type, e n.S-/- an. i n.S-/- PVL mice, aft

关键词： Portal hyperten.ion Thalidomide n.tric oxide Kn.ck

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Scalable arrays of chemical vapor sen.ors based on.Dn.-decorated graphen.

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n.n. Research 2014年第1期7卷 95-103页

作者： nicholas J. Kybert Gan. Hee Han.Mitchell B. Lern.r Eric n. Dattoli Ali Esfan.iar A. T. Charlie John.on Departmen. of Physics an. Astron.my University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA SPAWAR Systems Cen.er Pacific San Diego CA 92152 USA

Arrays of chemical vapor sen.ors based on.graphen. field effect tran.istors fun.tion.lized with sin.le-stran.ed Dn. have been.demon.trated. Stan.ard photolithographic processin. was adapted for use on.large-area graphen. by in.ludin. a metal protection.layer, which protected the graphen. from con.amin.tion.an. en.bled fabrication.of high quality field-effect tran.istors （GFETs）. Processed graphen. devices had hole mobilities of 1,640 ± 250 cm2.V-1.s-1 an. Dirac voltages of 15 ± 10 V un.er ambien. con.ition.. Atomic force microscopy was used to verify that the graphen. surface remain.d un.on.amin.ted an. therefore suitable for con.rolled chemical fun.tion.lization. Sin.le-stran.ed Dn. was chosen.as the fun.tion.lization.layer due to its affin.ty to a wide ran.e of target molecules an. π-π stackin. in.eraction.with graphen., which led to min.mal degradation.of device characteristics. The resultin. sen.or arrays showed an.lyte- an. Dn. sequen.e-depen.en. respon.es down.to parts-per-billion.con.en.ration.. Dn./GFET sen.ors were able to differen.iate amon. chemically similar an.lytes, in.ludin. a series of carboxylic acids, an. structural isomers of carboxylic acids an. pin.n.. Eviden.e for the importan. role of electrostatic chemical gatin. was provided by the observation.of un.erstan.able differen.es in.the sen.or respon.e to two compoun.s that differed on.y by the replacemen. of a （deproton.tin.） hydroxyl group by a n.utral methyl group. Fin.lly, target an.lytes were detected without loss of sen.itivity in.a large backgroun. of a chemically similar, volatile compoun.. These results motivate further developmen. of the Dn./graphen. sen.or family for use in.an.electron.c olfaction.system.

关键词： graphen. vapor sen.or Dn. photolithography chemical gatin.

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