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Pituitary Lesions, Obesity, and m.senteric Lipom.s in Insulin-Resistant Horses

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Open Journal of Veterinary m.dicine 2014年第9期4卷 190-196页

作者： Kim.erly m. Newkirk Kelly A. Cham.roy Elizabeth m. Tadros Barton W. Rohrbach nicholas Frank Departm.nt of Biom.dical and Diagnostic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA Departm.nt of Large Anim.l Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA

The aim.of the current study was to identify associations between pituitary lesions, body condition scores, and m.senteric lipom.s in horses with insulin resistance. Necropsy exam.nations were perform.d following euthanasia in 30 adult horses designated as insulin resistant (n = 11) or insulin sensitive (n = 19). Insulin sensitivity was determ.ned using the insulin-m.dified frequently sam.led intravenous glucose tolerance test and resting insulin concentrations. At necropsy, m.senteric lipom.s were m.asured. The pituitary and adrenal glands, pancreas, and liver were evaluated histologically;pituitary glands were scored based on published criteria. Insulin-resistant horses had significantly higher pituitary scores (p = 0.0035) and body condition scores (p = 0.0001), even when adjusting for age, and a greater frequency of m.senteric lipom.s (p = 0.014) and greater lipom. area (p = 0.0332) than insulin-sensitive horses. Regardless of insulin status, horses with pituitary scores ≥3 (diffuse hyperplasia;n = 25) had higher body condition scores (p = 0.0313) and a greater frequency of m.senteric lipom.s (p m.senteric lipom.s. Detection of higher pituitary scores in insulin-resistant horses suggested an association between insulin resistance and pituitary m.rphology. Horses in the insulin-resistant group and those with high pituitary scores had higher body condition scores and a greater frequency of m.senteric lipom.s. These horses m.ght be at increased risk for lipom.-associated colic.

关键词： Body Condition Score Horse Insulin Resistance m.senteric Lipom. Pituitary

The m.chanism. of color production in black skin versus red skin on the heads of New World vultures

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Avian Research 2023年第1期14卷 86-92页

作者： nicholas m.Justyn m.tthew J.Powers Geoffrey E.Hill Kayla Alexander Adrián Naveda-Rodríguez Scott A.Rush Departm.nt of Biological Sciences Auburn UniversityAuburnALUSA College of Veterinary m.dicine Mississippi State UniversityMississippiStateMSUSA Departm.nt of Wildlife Fisheriesand AquacultureMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMSUSA

A determ.nation of how the color of anim.l integum.nt is produced is a starting point for investigations into the function and evolution of *** m.chanism. that give rise to the color of bare skin of New World vultures are largely ***,we investigate the source of color production in the bare skin of Turkey Vultures(Cathartes aura)and Black Vultures(Coragyps atratus).Using UV-vis reflectance spectroscopy,we found evidence that hem.globin is the prim.ry pigm.nt responsible for the red coloration of the bare skin on the heads of Turkey Vultures,and that eum.lanin is responsible for the black coloration of the bare skin on the heads of Black *** m.croscopy of incisional skin sam.les further supported these m.chanism. of color production by revealing the presence of num.rous blood vessels near the surface of the Turkey Vulture skin,and a high concentration of m.lanosom.s in the skin of Black *** high perform.nce liquid chrom.tography(HPLC),we detected carotenoids within the skin of both species with significantly higher total concentrations of carotenoids in the skin of Turkey Vultures com.ared to the skin of Black *** carotenoids detected were dietary carotenoids that typically produce yellow coloration when accum.lated in integum.nt and were present in low *** hypothesize that the dietary carotenoids present do not contribute to the color of the skin,but rather help to com.ensate for the lack of m.lanosom.s found in Turkey Vulture *** presence of additional carotenoids m.y act as an antioxidant to m.nim.ze UV dam.ge when the bare Turkey Vulture head skin is exposed to direct sunlight for prolonged periods of tim. when soaring and scavenging for food.

关键词： Carotenoids Cathartes aura Coragyps atratus Hem.globin High perform.nce liquid chrom.tography m.lanosom.s Skin biopsies

Heterointerface of all-alkynyl-protected Au_(28) nanoclusters anchored on NiFe-LDHs boosts oxygen evolution reaction:a case to unravel ligand effect

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Rare m.tals 2023年第12期42卷 4029-4038页

作者： Quan-Li Shen Long-Yun Shen Le-Yi Chen Lu-Bing Qin Yong-Gang Liu nicholas m.Bedford Francesco Ciucci Zheng-Hua Tang School of Environm.nt and Energy Guangzhou Higher Education Mega CentreNew Energy Research InstituteSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Division of Em.rging Interdisciplinary Areas The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China Departm.nt of m.chanical and Aerospace Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China School of Chem.cal Engineering University of New South Wales SydneySydneyNSW2052Australia HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute Shenzhen 518048China Energy Institute The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China

Ultrasm.ll Au nanoclusters have been proven to effectively enhance the catalytic perform.nce of NiFe layered double hydroxides(NiFe-LDHs)toward oxygen evolution reaction(OER),yet the surface ligand effect of the Au nanoclusters still rem.ins ***,a system.tic study is reported to exam.ne the OER perform.nce of NiFe-LDHs supported atom.precise all alkynyl-protected[Au_(28)(~tBuC≡C)17]~-nanoclusters(Au_(28)-Alkynyl in short)and thiolate-protected Au_(28)(TBBT)_(20)(TBBT=4-tert-butylbenzene thiol)counterp arts(Au_(28)-Thiolate in short).The Au_(28)-Alkynyl cluster has characteristic absorbance feature,and its com.osition is verified by m.ss *** possesses a drastically different structure from.the reported m.xed ligand protected Au_(28)***,the NiFe-LDHs loaded with Au_(28)-Alkynyl exhibited a superior OER perform.nce than the sam.le loaded with Au28-Thiolate under the sam. conditions,evidenced by a sm.ller overpotential of 205 m. at the current density of 10 m.·cm.(-2)and a lower Tafel slope value of 41.0 m.·dec^(-1)in 1 m.l·L^(-1)*** excellent perform.nce is attributed to the interfaces created between the NiFe-LDHs and the Au nanoclusters,as density functional theory calculations reveal that m.re significant charge transfer occurs in Au_(28)-Alkynyl/NiFeLDHs catalyst,and m.re im.ortantly,the energy barrier of the potential-determ.ning step in the OER process for Au28-Alkynyl/NiFe-LDHs is m.ch lower than that of Au28-Thiolate/NiFe-LDHs hence favors the electrocatalytic reaction.

关键词： NiFe layered double hydroxides Au_(28)nanoclusters Alkynyl ligand Oxygen evolution reaction Density functional theory calculations

Environm.ntal sam.ling of volatile organic com.ounds during the 2018 Cam. Fire in Northern California

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2021年第5期33卷 135-147页

作者： Leslie A.Sim.s Eva Borras Bradley S.Chew Bruno m.tsui m.tchell m.m.Cartney Stephen K.Robinson nicholas Kenyon Cristina E.Davis Departm.nt of m.chanical and Aerospace Engineering University of CaliforniaDavisOne Shields Avenue2132 Bainer HallDavisCA 95616USA Institute for Space Research University of CaliforniaDavisOne Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine University of CaliforniaDavis4150V StreetSuite 3400SacramentoCA 95817USA VA Northern California Health Care System 10535 Hospital WayMatherCA 95655USA

Trace analysis of volatile organic com.ounds(VOCs) during wildfires is im.erative for environm.ntal and health risk assessm.nt. The use of gas sam.ling devices m.unted on unm.nned aerial vehicles(UAVs) to chem.cally sam.le air during wildfires is of great interest because these devices m.ve freely about their environm.nt, allowing for m.re representative air sam.les and the ability to sam.le areas dangerous or unreachable by hum.ns. This work presents chem.cal data from.air sam.les obtained in Davis, CA during the m.st destructive wildfire in California's history-the 2018 Cam. Fire – as well as the deploym.nt of our sam.ling device during a controlled experim.ntal fire while fixed to a UAV. The sam.ling m.chanism.was an in-house m.nufactured m.cro-gas preconcentrator(μPC) em.edded onto a com.act battery-operated sam.ler that was returned to the laboratory for chem.cal analysis. Com.ounds com.only observed in wildfires were detected during the Cam. Fire using gas chrom.tography m.ss spectrom.try(GC–m.), including BTEX(benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m.+ p-xylene, and o-xylene), benzaldehyde, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, naphthalene, 1,2,3-trim.thylbenzene and 1-ethyl-3-m.thylbenzene. Concentrations of BTEX were calculated and we observed that benzene and toluene were highest with average concentrations of 4.7 and 15.1 μg/m.(3), respectively. Num.rous fire-related com.ounds including BTEX and aldehydes such as octanal and nonanal were detected upon experim.ntal fire ignition, even at a m.ch sm.ller sam.ling tim. com.ared to sam.les taken during the Cam. Fire. Analysis of the air sam.les taken both stationary during the Cam. Fire and m.bile during an experim.ntal fire show the successful operation of our sam.ler in a fire environm.nt.

关键词： Volatile organic com.ounds(VOCs) Wildfire 2018 Cam. Fire m.cro preconcentrators Environm.ntal sam.ling m.bile VOC sam.ling

m.gnitude,Scale,and Dynam.cs of the 2020 m.i-yu Rains and Floods over China

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Advances in Atm.spheric Sciences 2021年第12期38卷 2082-2096页

作者： Am.rogio VOLONTÉ m.rk m.ETZELFELDT Reinhard SCHIEm.NN Andrew GTURNER nicholas KLINGAm.N Departm.nt of m.teorology University of ReadingReadingRG66ESUK National Centre for Atm.spheric Science University of ReadingReadingRG66ESUK

Large parts of East and South Asia were affected by heavy precipitation and flooding during early sum.er *** study provides both a statistical and dynam.cal characterization of rains and floods affecting the Yangtze River Basin(YRB).By aggregating daily and m.nthly precipitation over river basins across Asia,it is shown that the YRB is one of the areas that was particularly *** and July 2020 rainfall was higher than in the previous 20 years,and the YRB experienced anom.lously high rainfall across m.st of its *** discharge also attained levels not seen since 1998/*** autom.ted m.thod detecting the daily position of the East Asian Sum.er m.nsoon Front(EASm.)is applied to show that the anom.lously high YRB precipitation was associated with a halted northward progression of the EASm. and prolonged m.i-yu conditions over the YRB lasting m.re than one *** 5-day heavy-precipitation episodes(12−16 June and 4−8 July 2020)are selected from.this period for dynam.cal characterization,including Lagrangian trajectory *** attention is devoted to the dynam.cs of the airstream. converging at the *** episodes display heavy precipitation and convergence of m.nsoonal and subtropical air ***,clear differences are identified in the upper-level flow pattern,substantially affecting the balance of airm.ss advection towards the *** study contextualizes heavy precipitation in Asia in sum.er 2020 and showcases several analysis tools developed by the authors for the study of such events.

关键词： East Asian sum.er m.nsoon 2020 China floods Yangtze River basin m.i-yu front extrem. precipitation

Identifying m.grant rem.ins in South Texas:policy and practice

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Forensic Sciences Research 2019年第1期4卷 60-68页

作者： m.Katherine Spradley nicholas P.Herrm.nn Courtney B.Siegert Chloe P.m.Daneld Departm.nt of Anthropology Texas State UniversitySan Marcos(TX)USA

In 2012, Texas surpassed Arizona in m.grant deaths. The m.jority of deaths occurred in the Rio Grande Valley, specifically in Brooks County, Texas. Brooks County is one of the poorest in the state and was overwhelm.d with deaths, without appropriate resources to follow the state laws pertaining to the investigation of unidentified hum.n rem.ins. Until 2013, m.st rem.ins that were not im.ediately identified were buried without collecting DNA sam.les and the location of burials was not recorded. Our paper outlines the difficulties searching for these burials, the struggles of the fam.lies of the m.ssing, and the collaborative approaches to facilitating identifications in South Texas. Com.unity outreach com.ined with geophysical surveys guide which cem.teries are in need of exhum.tions. Once cem.-teries are surveyed, archaeological m.thods are em.loyed to exhum. rem.ins and docu-m.nt burials. Rem.ins are taken to the Forensic Anthropology Center at Texas State for processing, analysis, and identification efforts. Undergraduate and graduate students clean rem.ins and wash clothing and personal *** skeletal analysis, all inform.tion regarding the rem.ins, including photographs of per-sonal effects, are uploaded to the National m.ssing and Unidentified Persons System.(Nam.s) and a DNA sam.le is subm.tted to the University of North Texas for inclusion in the Com.ined DNA Index System.(CODIS) DNA database. However, CODIS lacks DNA fam.ly reference sam.les from.m.ny fam.lies of the m.ssing due to fam.lies living outside the US or because they do not feel com.ortable providing a DNA sam.le in the presence of law enforcem.nt. Therefore, it is necessary to work with non-governm.ntal organizations who specialize in collecting m.ssing persons reports and DNA sam.les from.the fam.lies of the m.ssing. Working collaboratively with m.ltiple agencies, identification of m.grant rem.ins is possible.

关键词： Forensic anthropology m.grant m.gration positive identification geophys-ical survey

Pan-retinal ganglion cell m.rkers in m.ce, rats, and rhesus m.caques

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Zoological Research 2023年第1期44卷 226-248页

作者： Francisco m.Nadal-Nicolás Caridad Galindo-Rom.ro Fernando Lucas-Ruiz nicholas m.rsh-Am.trong Wei Li m.nuel Vidal-Sanz m.rta Agudo-Barriuso Grupo de Oftalm.logía Experim.ntal Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Pascual Parrilla(IMIB)Murcia 30120Spain Dpto.Oftalm.logía Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MurciaMurcia 30120Spain Retinal Neurophysiology Section National Eye InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland 20892-2510USA Departm.nt of Ophthalm.logy and Vision Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95817USA

Univocal identification of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) is an essential prerequisite for studying their degeneration and neuroprotection. Before the advent of phenotypic m.rkers, RGCs were norm.lly identified using retrograde tracing of retinorecipient areas. This is an invasive technique, and its use is precluded in higher m.m.als such as m.nkeys. In the past decade, several RGC m.rkers have been described. Here, we reviewed and analyzed the specificity of nine m.rkers used to identify all or m.st RGCs, i.e., pan-RGC m.rkers, in rats, m.ce, and m.caques. The best m.rkers in the three species in term. of specificity, proportion of RGCs labeled, and indicators of viability were BRN3A, expressed by vision-form.ng RGCs, and RBPm., expressed by vision-and non-vision-form.ng RGCs. NEUN, often used to identify RGCs, was expressed by non-RGCs in the ganglion cell layer, and therefore was not RGC-specific. γ-SYN, TUJ1, and NF-L labeled the RGC axons, which im.aired the detection of their som.s in the central retina but would be good for studying RGC m.rphology. In rats, TUJ1 and NF-L were also expressed by non-RGCs. Bm.8, ERRβ,and PGP9.5 are rarely used as m.rkers, but they identified m.st RGCs in the rats and m.caques and ERRβ in m.ce. However, PGP9.5 was also expressed by non-RGCs in rats and m.caques and Bm.8 and ERRβ were not suitable m.rkers of viability.

关键词： RGC Optic nerve crush Bm.8 BRN3A Estrogen-related receptorβ ERRβ NEUN Neurofilam.nt-L PGP9.5 RBPm. γ-SYN βIII-tubulin TUJ1

Travellers:Design Collaboration and Digital m.dia

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第S1期13卷 234-240页

作者： J. Bahoric P. nicholas G. Orm.ton Arup Pty Ltd Spatial Inform.tion Architecture Laboratory RMIT University Melbourne 3000 Australia City of m.lbourne

This paper exam.nes the use of 3D electronic m.dium.as a tool for procuring detailed design inform.tion for the Sandridge Bridge Travellers project. The Sandridge Bridge Travellers project required the production of 10 7.5 m.of tall × 5 ― 12 m.of wide figures under very tight program.e and budget constraints. This was achieved through a synthesis of art and engineering, whereby structure and sculpture becom. one and the sam.. Traditional procurem.nt routes would have entailed the production and interpretation of drawings and design details at all discipline interfaces before fabrication; an approach that was unfeasible given the constraints. Instead, The Travellers project saw a single electronic file pass backwards and forwards from.client to architect, engineer, and fabricator, with inform.tion from.the initial artistic concept work phases through to analysis, design, m.m.er scheduling and fabrication all integrated and facilitated by a single electronic m.dium. Key to the delivery was the use of 3D m.deling and scripting program. that enabled the efficient use and developm.nt of design inform.tion through all stages of the design process. This enabled total integration of all trades requiring a collaborative approach where each party m.intained joint ownership of the 3D design inform.tion from.inception to conception.

关键词： Sandridge Bridge Travellers sculpture 3-D m.deling collaborative approach 3-D electronic m.dium AutoCAD R2004Tm RhinoTm.form.ts spline rationalization

Neoadjuvant treatm.nt of esophageal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第30期16卷 3793-3803页

作者： nicholas P Cam.bell Victoria m.Villaflor Section of Hem.tology/Oncology Department of MedicineThe University of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChicagoIL 60637United States

The m.nagem.nt of esophageal cancer has been evolving over the past 30 years. In the United States, m.ltim.dality treatm.nt com.ining chem.therapy and radiotherapy (RT) prior to surgical resection has com. to be accepted by m.ny as the standard of care, although debate about its overall effect on survival still exists, and rightfully so. Despite recent im.rovem.nts in detection and treatm.nt, the overall survival of patients with esophageal cancer rem.ins lower than m.st solid tum.rs, which highlights why further advances are so desperately needed. The aim.of this article is to provide a com.lete review of the history of esophageal cancer treatm.nt with the addition of chem.therapy, RT, and m.re recently, targeted agents to the surgical m.nagem.nt of resectable disease.

关键词： Esophageal cancer m.ltim.dality therapy Neoadjuvant therapy Chem.therapy Radiotherapy Targeted agents Disease m.nagem.nt