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National Science Review 2021年第10期8卷 68-78页

作者： Jiang Zou miao Feng Ningyuan Ding Peinan Yan Haipeng Xu Dezhi Yang nicholas X.Fang Guoying Gu Xiangyang Zhu State Key Laboratory of mechanical System and Vibration Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Robotics Institute School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Advances in development of artificial muscles have enabled creation of soft robots with biological dexterity and self-adaption in unstructured environments; however, production of scalable artificial muscles with multiple-mode actuations remains elusive. Inspired by muscle-fiber arrays in muscular hydrostats, we present a class of versatile artificial muscles called mAIPAms(muscle-fiber array inspired pneumatic artificial muscles), capable of multiple-mode actuations(such as parallel elongation-bending-spiraling actuations, 10 parallel bending actuations and cascaded elongation-bending-spiraling actuations). Our mAIPAms consist of active 3 D elastomer-balloon arrays reinforced by a passive elastomer membrane,achieved through a planar design and one-step rolling fabrication approach. We introduce prototypical designs for the mAIPAms and demonstrate their muscle-mimic structures and versatility, as well as their scalable ability to integrate flexible but non-stretchable layers for contraction and twisting actuation modes and compliant electrodes for self-sensing. We further demonstrate that this class of artificial muscles shows potential for versatile robotic applications, such as carrying a camera for recording videos, gripping or manipulating objects, and climbing a pipe-line.

关键词： soft robotics pneumatic artificial muscles multiple-mode actuations bio-inspired design

CIS controls the functional polarization of Gm-CSF-derived macrophages

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2023年第1期20卷 65-79页

作者： Shengbo Zhang Jai Rautela Naiara G.Bediaga Tatiana B.Kolesnik Yue You Junli Nie Laura F.Dagley Justin Bedo Hanqing Wang Li Sun Robyn Sutherland Elliot Surgenor Nadia Iannarella Rhys Allan Fernando Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes Yi Xie Qike Wang Yuxia Zhang Yuekang Xu Stephen L.Nutt Andrew m.Lew nicholas D.Huntington Sandra E.Nicholson michaël Chopin Yifan Zhan Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of medical Research ParkvilleVICAustralia Department of medical Biology University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia oNKo-Innate Pty Ltd Moonee PondsVICAustralia Department of Computing and Information Systems University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia Department of Respiratory medicine Guangzhou Institute of PediatricsGuangzhou Women and Children’s Medical CentreState Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina College of Biological Science Anhui Normal UniversityHefeiChina University of Queensland Diamantina Institute University of QueenslandTranslational Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia Program in Cardiovascular and metabolic Disorders Duke-NUS Medical SchoolDukeSingapore Drug Discovery Shanghai Huaota BiopharmShanghaiChina

The cytokine granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (Gm-CSF) possesses the capacity to differentiate monocytes into macrophages (mØs) with opposing functions, namely, proinflammatory m1-like mØs and immunosuppressive m2-like mØs. Despite the importance of these opposing biological outcomes, the intrinsic mechanism that regulates the functional polarization of mØs under Gm-CSF signaling remains elusive. Here, we showed that Gm-CSF-induced mØ polarization resulted in the expression of cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS) and that CIS deficiency skewed the differentiation of monocytes toward immunosuppressive m2-like mØs. CIS deficiency resulted in hyperactivation of the JAK-STAT5 signaling pathway, consequently promoting downregulation of the transcription factor Interferon Regulatory Factor 8 (IRF8). Loss- and gain-of-function approaches highlighted IRF8 as a critical regulator of the m1-like polarization program. In vivo, CIS deficiency induced the differentiation of m2-like macrophages, which promoted strong Th2 immune responses characterized by the development of severe experimental asthma. Collectively, our results reveal a CIS-modulated mechanism that clarifies the opposing actions of Gm-CSF in mØ differentiation and uncovers the role of Gm-CSF in controlling allergic inflammation.

关键词： CIS Gm-CSF macrophage m2 m1

Structural Thermal Stability of Graphene Oxide-Doped Copper–Cobalt Oxide Coatings as a Solar Selective Surface

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2016年第11期32卷 1179-1191页

作者： m.mahbubur Rahman Zhong-Tao Jiang Chun-Yang Yin Lee Siang Chuah Hooi-Ling Lee Amun Amri Bee-min Goh Barry J.Wood Chris Creagh nicholas mondinos mohmmednoor Altarawneh Bogdan Z.Dlugogorski Surface Analysis and materials Engineering Research Group School of Engineering & Information Technology Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia 6150 Australia School of Sdence & Engineering Teesside University Borough Road Middlesbrough TSI 3BA United Kingdom Department of Physics School of Distance Education Universiti Sains Malaysia Minden 11800 Penang Malaysia Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Minden 11800 Penang Malaysia Department of Chemical Engineering Universitas Riau Pekanharu Indonesia School of Chemistry Bedson Building Newcastle University NE1 7RU United Kingdom School of Chemistry The University of Queensland St. Luda OLD 4072 Australia School of Engineering & Information Technology Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia 6150 Australia

3d transition metal oxides based thin film coatings such as copper–cobalt oxides exhibit high absorption in the visible region and low emittance in the infrared to far-infrared region of the solar spectrum which is favourable for use as potential selective surface materials in photothermal devices. These materials have the potential to minimize heating while increasing absorption in the operative spectrum range and therefore achieve higher solar selectivity. A series of mixed copper–cobalt metal spinel oxides（Cu_xCo_yO_z）doped with graphene oxide thin films were deposited on commercial grade aluminium substrates using a sol-gel dip-coating technique at an annealing temperature of 500 °C in air for 1 h. Characterizations of the synthesized films were carried out by high temperature synchrotron radiation X-ray Diffraction（SRXRD）, UV–Vis, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR） and X-ray photoelectron microscopy（XPS）techniques. High thermal stability of coatings with multiple phases, binary and ternary metal oxides, was defined through SR-XRD study. FTIR analysis shows moderate（〈80%） to high（up to 99%） reflectance in the infrared region while the UV–Vis investigations demonstrate that, in the visible region, solar absorption increases gradually（up to 95%） with the addition of graphene oxide to the Cu_x Co_y O_z *** the incorporation of 1.5 wt.% of graphene oxide to the copper–cobalt oxide coatings, a high solar selectivity of 29.01（the ratio of the average solar absorptance in visible and the average thermal emittance in infrared to far infrared region; α/ε） was achieved.

关键词： Coatings Sol-gel method Synchrotron radiation Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy X-ray diffraction X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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含金刚石的煌斑岩含金吗

地质科技情报 1989年第1期8卷 66-68,76页

作者： nicholas m.S.Rock 陶婉琴

最近的研究表明,金刚石来自金伯利岩、钾镁煌斑岩类、碱性煌斑岩和超镁铁质煌斑岩。本文指出,像钙-碱性煌斑岩一样,这些岩石也富含金。煌斑岩中全的平均丰度似乎比一般的火成岩至少高一个数量级,而许多单个的分析值则要高100—1000倍。... 详细信息

最近的研究表明,金刚石来自金伯利岩、钾镁煌斑岩类、碱性煌斑岩和超镁铁质煌斑岩。本文指出,像钙-碱性煌斑岩一样,这些岩石也富含金。煌斑岩中全的平均丰度似乎比一般的火成岩至少高一个数量级,而许多单个的分析值则要高100—1000倍。这种高金含量可能反映了两个因素:（1）煌斑岩来自地球的极深部位,在那里不仅金刚石是稳定的,而且金也比其它火成岩源区要富;（2）由于煌斑岩岩浆中有高含量的CO2、H2O、F、K。

关键词：煌斑岩金伯利岩平均丰度捕虏体金含量源岩铁质富集程度勘探目标金成矿

Are monitoring and evaluation systems adequate to report the programmatic coverage of HIV services among key populations in countries?

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第4期8卷 75-81页

作者： Jinkou Zhao Sonia Arias Garcia Ed Ngoksin Jesus maria Garcia Calleja Chinelo Ogbuanu Sandra Kuzmanovska nicholas Oliphant David Lowrance Nathalie Zorzi Peter m.Hansen Keith Sabin The Global Fund to fight AIDS Tuberculosis and MalariaChemin du Pommier 40Grand-Saconnex 1218GenevaSwitzerland Center for Global Health School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention NanjingChina Strateg ic Information and Evaluation Department the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDSGenevaSwitzerland Department of HIV/AIDS World Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland

There was no global guidance or agreement regarding when a country has an adequate system to report on the service packages among human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)key *** article describes an approach to categorizing the system in a country for reporting the service package among HIV key *** approach consists of four dimensions,namely the epidemiological significance,comprehensiveness of the service packages,geographic coverage of services,and adequacy of the monitoring *** proposed categorization approach utilizes available information and can inform the improvement of the service delivery and monitoring systems among HIV key populations.

关键词： services among service

Human bronchial epithelial cell injuries induced by fine particulate matter from sandstorm and non-sandstorm periods：Association with particle constituents

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第9期28卷 201-210页

作者： Bin Wang Ning Li Furong Deng nicholas Buglak George Park Shu Su Aiguo Ren Guofeng Shen Shu Tao Xinbiao Guo Institute of Reproductive & Child Health/ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health School of Public Health Peking University Beijing 100192 China Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation College of Veterinary Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing 48824 USA Department of Occupational & Environmental Health Sciences School of Public Health Peking University Beijing 100191 China Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes College of Urban & Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science Nanjing 210036 China

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the exacerbation of respiratory diseases following sandstorm-derived particulate matter（Pm） *** presence of anthropogenic and biological agents on the sandstorm Pm and the escalation of Pm 〈 2.5 μm（Pm2.5）pollution in China have led to serious concerns regarding the health effects of Pm2.5during Asian *** investigated how changes in Pm2.5composition,as the weather transitioned towards a sandstorm,affected human airway epithelial *** Pm2.5samples covering two sandstorm events and their respective background and transition periods were collected in Baotou,an industrial city near the Gobi Desert in *** samples from all three periods had mild cytotoxicity in human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B,which was positively correlated with the contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and several *** Pm samples potently increased the release of interleukin-6（IL-6） and interleukin-8（IL-8）.Endotoxin in all samples contributed significantly to the IL-6 response,with only a minor effect on *** was positively correlated with both IL-6 and IL-8 release,while Si was only associated with the increase of *** study suggests that local agricultural and industrial surroundings in addition to the sandstorm play important roles in the respiratory effects of sandstorm-derived Pm.

关键词： Sandstorm particles Human bronchial epithelial cells Particle constituents Inflammation Local environmental surroundings

Assessment of Plant Commnunity Structure in a Tropical Wetland Affected by Brick making—The Case of Sironga Wetland, Kenya

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2021年第11期12卷 1001-1008页

作者： Caren N. Atalitsa George m. Ogendi John m. mironga nicholas Olekaikai Department of Environmental Science Egerton University Egerton Kenya Dryland Research Training and Ecotourism Centre Egerton University Egerton Kenya Department of Geography Egerton University Egerton Kenya Department of Natural Resources Egerton University Egerton Kenya

Brick making is one of the major small-scale industries in Sironga which has been expanding due to the growing demand for urban expansion. Due to the increasing population pressure, brick-making is competing for the wetland resources. Sironga wetland is threatened with serious degradation and probable loss of plant diversity. Conversion of this wetland for economic uses such as brick making has resulted in its loss. The objective of the study was to assess the effects of brick making on plant diversity in Sironga wetland. Nyamira County, Kenya. A one metre by one metre quadrat frame was laid down and perpendicularly recorded the percent cover for each species found inside the quadrant plus the percentage area covered by the bare ground litter. From each transect lines “diagonally” detailed vegetation under study was then done. The plant species were recorded and classified into three life-forms;herbs, sedges and grasses. The study revealed that grasses had the highest diversity H = 1.144. Diversity for herbs was H = 0.987 and H = 0.899 for reeds respectively. The study concluded that brick-making activities affected the plant diversity in Sironga wetland. This may be attributed partly to the limited information and awareness campaigns to the surrounding communities on the values and benefits of wetland ecosystem services and the lack of alternative livelihood sources. The study recommends that alternative livelihoods are provided and awareness campaigns on the values and benefits of wetlands to the residents are done by the relevant agencies.

关键词： Diversity Index Vegetation Types Environmental Degradation

Yellow fever virus outbreak in Brazil under current and future climate

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Infectious Disease modelling 2021年第1期6卷 664-677页

作者： Tara Sadeghieh Jan m.Sargeant Amy L.Greer Olaf Berke Guillaume Dueymes Philippe Gachon nicholas H.Ogden Victoria Ng Population medicine University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada Public Health Risk Sciences Division National Microbiology LaboratoryPublic Health Agency of CanadaGuelphOntarioSt.HyacintheQuebecCanada ESCER(Etude et Simulation du Climata l’Echelle Regionale)Centre Universite du Quebec a MontrealQuebecCanada

Introduction:Yellow fever(YF)is primarily transmitted by Haemagogus species of *** climate change,mosquitoes and the pathogens that they carry are expected to develop faster,potentially impacting the case count and duration of YF *** aim of this study was to determine how YF virus outbreaks in Brazil may change under future climate,using ensemble simulations from regional climate models under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios for three time periods:2011-2040(short-term),2041-2070(mid-term),and 2071-2100(long-term).methods:A compartmental model was developed to fit the 2017/18 YF outbreak data in Brazil using least squares *** explore the impact of climate change,temperature-sensitive mosquito parameters were set to change over projected time periods using polynomial equations fitted to their relationship with temperature according to the average temperature for years 2011-2040,2041-2070,and 2071-2100 for climate change scenarios using RCP4.5 and RCP8.5,where RCP4.5/RCP8.5 corresponds to intermediate/high radiative forcing values and to moderate/higher warming trends.A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine how the temperature-sensitive parameters impacted model results,and to determine how vaccination could play a role in reducing YF in ***:Yellow fever case projections for Brazil from the models varied when climate change scenarios were applied,including the peak clinical case incidence,cumulative clinical case incidence,time to peak incidence,and the outbreak ***,a decrease in YF cases and outbreak duration was *** the observed incidence in 2017/18 to the projected incidence in 2070-2100,for RCP4.5,the cumulative case incidence decreased from 184 to 161,and the outbreak duration decreased from 21 to 20 *** RCP8.5,the peak case incidence decreased from 184 to 147,and the outbreak duration decreased from 21 to 17 *** observed decrease was primarily due to temperature increasing

关键词： Yellow fever mosquito-borne disease Climate change Infectious disease model Temperature

Characterization of colonic dendritic cells in normal and colitic mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第40期11卷 6338-6347页

作者： Sheena m Cruickshank nicholas R English Peter J Felsburg Simon R Carding Institute of molecular and Cellular Biology Antigen Presentation Research Group Department of Clinical Science

AIm: Recent studies demonstrating the direct involvement of dendritic cells (DC) in the activation of pathogenic T cells in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease identify DC as important antigen presenting cells in the colon. However, very little is known about the properties of colonic ***: Using immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and flow cytometry we have characterized and compared colonic DC in the colon of healthy animals and interleukin-2-deficient (IL2-/-) mice that develop ***: In the healthy colon, DC resided within the lamina propria and in close association with the basement membrane of colonic villi. Type 1 myeloid (CD11c+, CD11b+,B220-, CD8α-) DC made up the largest (40-45%) population and all DC expressed low levels of CD80, CD86, and CD40,and had high endocytic activity consistent with an immature phenotype. In colitic IL2-/- mice, colonic DC numbers increased four- to five-fold and were localized within the epithelial layer and within aggregates of T and B cells. They were also many more DC in mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN).The majority (＞85%) of DC in the colon and mLN of IL2-/-mice were type 1 myeloid, and expressed high levels of mHC class Ⅱ, CD80, CD86, CD 40, DEC 205, and CCR5molecules and were of low endocytic activity consistent with mature ***: These findings demonstrate striking changes in the number, distribution and phenotype of DC in the inflamed colon. Their intimate association with lymphocytes in the colon and draining lymph nodes suggest that they may contribute directly to the ongoing inflammation in the colon.

关键词：结肠疾病树状细胞小鼠动物实验临床表现

Activin-Directed Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Differentially modulates Alveolar Epithelial Wound Repair via Paracrine mechanism

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Stem Cell Discovery 2014年第3期4卷 67-82页

作者： Khondoker m. Akram monica A. Spiteri nicholas R. Forsyth Institute for Science and Technology in medicine School of Postgraduate Medicine Keele University Stoke-on-Trent UK

Differentiated embryonic stem cells (ESC) can ameliorate lung inflammation and fibrosis in animal lung injury models;therefore, ESC, or their products, could be candidates for regenerative therapy for incurable lung diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this study, we have investigated the paracrine effect of differentiated and undifferentiated human ESC on alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) wound repair. hESC line, SHEF-2 cells were differentiated with Activin treatment for 22 days in an embryoid body (EB) suspension culture. Conditioned media (Cm) which contain cell secretory factors were collected at different time points of differentiation. Cm were then tested onin vitro?wound repair model with human type II AEC line, A549 cells (AEC). Our study demonstrated that Cm originated from undifferentiated hESC significantly inhibited AEC wound repair when compared to the control. Whereas, Cm originated from Activin-directed hESC differentiated cell population demonstrated a differential reparative effect on AEC wound repair model. Cm obtained from Day-11 of differentiation significantly enhanced AEC wound repair in comparison to Cm collected from pre- and post-Day-11 of differentiation. Day-11 Cm enhanced AEC wound repair through significant stimulation of cell migration and cell proliferation. RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry confirmed that Day-11 Cm was originated form a mixed population of endodermal/mesodermal differentiated hESC. This report suggests a putative paracrine-mediated epithelial injury healing mechanism by hESC secreted products, which is valuable in the development of novel stem cell-based therapeutic strategies.

关键词： Embryonic Stem Cells Alveolar Epithelial Wound Repair Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) Embryonic Stem Cell-mediated Paracrine mechanism Activin-Directed hESC Differentiation