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Intraoperative cholangiography 2020:Quo vadis? A systematic review of the literature

Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第2期21卷 145-153页

作者： Konstantinos Georgiou Gabriel Sandblom nicholas alexakis Lars Enochsson First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery Hippokration General Hospital of AthensAthens Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 10679Greece Department of Clinical Science and Education Department of SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetSödersjukhusetStockholm 17177SESweden Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences SurgeryUmeåUniversityUmeå90187SESweden

Background: There are few randomized controlled trials with sufficient statistical power to assess the effectiveness of intraoperative cholangiography(IOC) in the detection and treatment of common bile duct injury(BDI) or retained stones during cholecystectomy. The best evidence so far regarding IOC and reduced morbidity related to BDI and retained common bile duct stones was derived from large populationbased cohort studies. Population-based studies also have the advantage of reflecting the outcome of the procedure as it is practiced in the community at large. However, the outcomes of these population-based studies are conflicting. Data sources: A systematic literature search was conducted in 2020 to search for articles that contained the terms “bile duct injury”, “critical view of safety”, “bile duct imaging” or “retained stones” in combination with IOC. All identifed references were screened to select population-based studies and observational studies from large centers where socioeconomic or geographical selections were assumed not to cause selection bias. Results: The search revealed 273 references. A total of 30 articles fulflled the criteria for a large observational study with minimal risk for selection bias. The majority suggested that IOC reduces morbidity associated with BDI and retained common bile duct stones. In the short term, IOC increases the cost of surgery. However, this is offset by reduced costs in the long run since BDI or retained stones detected during surgery are managed immediately. Conclusions: IOC reduces morbidity associated with BDI and retained common bile duct stones. The reports reviewed are derived from large, unselected populations, thereby providing a high external validity. However, more studies on routine and selective IOC with well-defned outcome measures and sufficient statistical power are needed.

关键词： Cholangiography Cholecystectomy Bile duct stones Bile duct injury Cost

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Exploring natural and anthropogenic risk for cultural heritage in Cyprus using remote sensing and GIS

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2013年第2期6卷 115-142页

作者： Diofantos Hadjimitsis Athos Agapiou Dimitrios alexakis Apostolos Sarris Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyCyprus University of TechnologyCyprusGreece Institute for Mediterranean Studies?FORTH Laboratory of Geophysical-Satellite Remote Sensing&Archaeo-EnvironmentRethymnoGreece

On site observation is the most common way of monitoring cultural heritage sites and monuments in ***,this procedure that includes data collection,periodical observations,and multivariate risk assessment analysis is difficult to accomplish with the traditional practices and methods since it is time consuming and ***,many archaeological sites and monuments are located at inaccessible areas,far away from the main road network and urban *** remote sensing and Geographical Information Systems(GIS)can successfully confront this problem by providing the scientists with integrated monitoring of the study areas and the unique advantage to store and manipulate a large amount of spatial and attribute data *** the monitoring and identification of several natural and anthropogenic hazards in the vicinity of the cultural heritage sites in Cyprus,seems to be one of the main priorities of its governmental and municipal *** study aims to integrate both satellite remote sensing techniques and GIS in a multidisciplinary approach,for monitoring anthropogenic and natural hazards with the use of archived and up-to-date multitemporal remotely sensed images in the study area,namely in areas nearby cultural heritage sites and monuments in *** this study anthropogenic hazards include urbanisation and extended land use changes in the surroundings of archaeological sites and natural hazards concern seismicity and sea erosion.

关键词： monitoring natural risk anthropogenic risk satellite images cultural heritage conservation geographical information systems

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