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Outcome predictors for severely brain-injured patients directly admitted or transferred from emergency departments to a trauma center

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2020年第2期11卷 120-121页

作者： Ryne Jenkins nicholas a.morris Bryce Haac Richard Van Besien Deborah MStein Neeraj Badjatia Amir Medic Gaurika Mester Quincy K.Tran Program in Trauma The R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Section of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology Department of NeurologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA University of Maryland School of Medicine BaltimoreMDUSA University of Maryland at College Park College ParkMDUSA Department of Emergency Medicine University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA

Dear editor,After sustaining severe traumatic brain injury(TBI),patients frequently require invasive mechanical ventilation(MV).However,up to 26%of patients require tracheostomy due to failure to wean from the ventilator.[1]The decision of when to perform tracheostomy is important as it balances the risk between avoiding prolonged MV and avoiding risk of *** predictors for tracheostomy,i.e.,clinical factors when patients first present to an Emergency Department after trauma or when patient fi rst arrive at a regional trauma center,can help clinicians’medical decision-making process.

关键词： patients admitted trauma

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Systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence in Europe,Israel,America and Australasia on smoking and COVID-19

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2021年第4期9卷 353-376页

作者： Peter nicholas Lee Janette S Hamling Katharine Jane Coombs Department of Statistics P.N.Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd.Sutton SM25DAUnited Kingdom Department of Statistics RoeLee Statistics Ltd.Sutton SM25DASurreyUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Previous meta-analyses related smoking to death or severe infection from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in hospitalized patients,but considered only a few studies,did not adjust for demographics and comorbidities,and inadequately defined *** To review and meta-analyse epidemiological evidence on smoking and COVID-19,considering a range of endpoints,populations and smoking definitions and the effect of *** Studies were identified from publications in English up to 30 September,2020 involving at least 100 individuals,carried out in Europe,Israel,America or Australasia,not restricted to those with specific other diseases,and providing information relating smoking to various COVID-related ***-analyses were carried out for combinations of population and endpoint,with variation studied by smoking definition,adjustment level and other *** From 96 publications,74 studies were identified,37 in the United States,10 in the United Kingdom,with up to four in the other *** involved over a million individuals,and 37 involved less than a *** results for smoking were available in 42 studies,with adjustment not considered in 20 *** were considered by *** significant effect of smoking on COVID-19 positivity was seen in the general population,but there was a reduced risk in those ***-adjusted estimates for current(vs never)smoking were 0.87(95%confidence interval:0.52-1.47)in the general population and 0.52(0.43-0.64)in those *** those hospitalized due to COVID-19,unadjusted rates were significantly increased in current smokers(1.20,1.01-1.42)and ever smokers(1.64,1.41-1.91),but those adjusted for comorbidities showed no increase for current(0.82,0.52-1.30)or ever smokers(1.00,0.76-1.32).There was little evidence to suggest that smoking was associated with intensive care *** those hospitalized with COVID-19,best-adjusted estimates were 0.88(0.72-1.08)for cu

关键词： Smoking COVID-19 Meta-analyses Review Europe America

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CXB-909 Attenuates Cognitive Deficits in the Mu-P-75 Saporin Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2012年第1期3卷 65-68页

作者： Steven Lowrance Jessica Matchynski Julien Rossignol nicholas Dekorver Michael Sandstrom Gary Dunbar Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology Program in Neuroscience

The purpose of this study was to determine if the substituted pyrimidine, CXB-909 (formerly known as KP544) which has been shown to amplify the effects of nerve growth factor in elevating choline-acetyltransferase activity in vitro, could attenuate memory deficits in the mu-p-75 saporin injected mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Seventy-one, seven-week old C57/BL6 mice received daily oral intubation of 10, 15, or 20 mg/kg CXB-909, or vehicle (0.5% methylcellulose solution), which continued for 32 days. At postnatal week nine, mice received bilateral intra-cerebroventricular injections of mu-p-75 saporin, or sterile phosphate buffered saline. Seven days after surgery, mice were trained for two days, on a cued-platform version of the morris water maze task, and then tested on a four-day hidden-platform version, followed by a one-day probe version of this task. Mice injected with mu-p-75 saporin, had increased latency to find the hidden-platform compared to sham mice. Furthermore, mice treated with CXB-909 at the 10, and 15 mg/kg doses, significantly reduced their latency to reach the hidden-platform, compared to vehicle-treated mice given mu-p-75 saporin. These results suggest that CXB-909 can attenuate memory deficits in the mu-p-75 saporin injected mouse model of AD.

关键词： Alzheimer’s Disease Memory Deficits Substituted Pyrimidines Mu-p-75 Saporin morris Water Maze

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