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Microbiota-host interactions in irritable bowel syndrome: Epithelial barrier, immune regulation and brain-gut interactions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 8859-8866页

作者： niall p hyland Eamonn MM Quigley Elizabeth Brint Alimentary pharmabiotic Centre University College Cork 30 Cork Ireland Department of pharmacology and Therapeutics University College Cork 30 Cork Ireland Houston Methodist Hospital Houston TX 77030 United States Department of pathology University College Cork 30 Cork Ireland

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is a common, sometimes debilitating, gastrointestinal disorder worldwide. While altered gut motility and sensation, as well as aberrant brain perception of visceral events, are thought to contribute to the genesis of symptoms in IBS, a search for an underlying aetiology has, to date, proven unsuccessful. Recently, attention has been focused on the microbiota as a possible factor in the pathogenesis of IBS. prompted by a number of clinical observations, such as the recognition of the de novo development of IBS following enteric infections, as well as descriptions of changes in colonic bacterial populations in IBS and supported by clinical responses to interventions, such as antibiotics and probiotics, that modify the microbiota, various approaches have been taken to investigating the microbiota-host response in IBS, as well as in animal models thereof. From such studies a considerable body of evidence has accumulated to indicate the activation or upregulation of both factors involved in bacterial engagement with the host as well host defence mechanisms against bacteria. Alterations in gut barrier function, occurring in response, or in parallel, to changes in the microbiota, have also been widely described and can be seen to play a pivotal role in generating and sustaining host immune responses both within and beyond the gut. In this manner a plausible hypothesis, based on an altered microbiota and/or an aberrant host response, for the pathogenesis, of at least some instances of IBS, can be generated.

关键词： Microbiota Irritable bowel syndrome Tolllike receptor Epithelial barrier Gut-brain axis

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Diagnosing health in composite battery electrodes with explainable deep learning and partial charging data

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Energy and AI 2024年第2期16卷 256-268页

作者： Haijun Ruan niall Kirkaldy Gregory J.Offer Billy Wu Dyson School of Design Engineering Imperial College LondonSW72AZLondonUK Centre for E-Mobility and Clean Growth Research Coventry UniversityCoventryCV15FBUK Department of Mechanical Engineering Imperial College LondonSW72AZLondonUK The Faraday Institution Harwell Science and Innovation CampusOX110RADidcotUK

Lithium-ion batteries with composite anodes of graphite and silicon are increasingly being used. However, their degradation pathways are complicated due to the blended nature of the electrodes, with graphite and silicon degrading at different rates. Here, we develop a deep learning health diagnostic framework to rapidly quantify and separate the different degradation rates of graphite and silicon in composite anodes using partial charging data. The convolutional neural network (CNN), trained with synthetic data, uses experimental partial charging data to diagnose electrode-level health of tested batteries, with errors of less than 3.1% (corresponding to the loss of active material reaching ∼75%). Sensitivity analysis of the capacity-voltage curve under different degradation modes is performed to provide a physically informed voltage window for diagnostics with partial charging data. By using the gradient-weighted class activation mapping approach, we provide explainable insights into how these CNNs work;highlighting regions of the voltage-curve to which they are most sensitive. Robustness is validated by introducing noise to the data, with no significant negative impact on the diagnostic accuracy for noise levels below 10 mV, thus highlighting the potential for deep learning approaches in the diagnostics of lithium-ion battery performance under real-world conditions. The framework presented here can be generalised to other cell formats and chemistries, providing robust and explainable battery diagnostics for both conventional single material electrodes, but also the more challenging composite electrodes.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery Composite electrode Silicon Degradation diagnostic Explainable deep learning partial charging

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Helicobacter pylori:High dose amoxicillin does not improve primary or secondary eradication rates in an Irish cohort

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第16期12卷 2773-2779页

作者： Conor Costigan Aoife M O'Sullivan Jim O'Connell Shreyashee Sengupta Thomas Butler Stephen Molloy Fintan John O'Hara Barbara Ryan niall Breslin Sarah O'Donnell Anthony O'Connor Sinead Smith Deirdre McNamara Trinity Academic Gastroenterology Group School of Medicine-Trinity College DublinDublin D2Ireland Department of Gastroenterology Tallaght University HospitalDublin D24 NR0AIreland

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(***)eradication rates have fallen globally,likely in large part due to increasing antibiotic resistance to traditional *** areas of high clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance such as ours,Maastricht VI guidelines suggest high dose amoxicillin dual therapy(HDADT)can be considered,subject to evidence for local *** this study we assess efficacy of HDADT therapy for *** eradication in an Irish *** To assess the efficacy of HDADT therapy for *** eradication in an Irish cohort as both first line,and subsequent therapy for patients diagnosed with *** All patients testing positive for *** in a tertiary centre were treated prospectively with HDADT(amoxicillin 1 g tid and esomeprazole 40 mg bid×14 d)over a period of 8 *** was confirmed with Urea Breath Test at least 4 wk after cessation of therapy.A delta-over-baseline>4%was considered *** demographics and treatment outcomes were recorded,analysed and controlled for basic demographics and prior *** *** One hundred and ninety-eight patients were identified with *** infection,10 patients were excluded due to penicillin allergy and 38 patients refused follow up *** all 139 were included in the analysis,55%(n=76)were female,mean age was 46.6 ***,93(67%)of patients were treatment-naïve and 46(33%)had received at least one previous course of *** groups were statistically ***-reported compliance with HDADT was 97%,mild side-effects occurred in 7%.There were no serious adverse drug *** the eradication rate for our cohort was 56%(78/139).Eradication rates were worse for those with previous treatment[43%(20/46)vs 62%(58/93),p=0.0458,odds ratio=2.15].Age and Gender had no effect on eradication *** Overall eradication rates with HDADT were *** being a simple and possibly better tolerated regime,these results do not

关键词： Helicobacter pylori eradication Helicobacter pylori High dose amoxicillin High dose amoxicillin dual therapy Triple therapy

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Rapid ongoing decline of Baird’s tapir in Cusuco National park, Honduras

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第4期7卷 420-428页

作者： niall p.McCANN phil M.WHEELER Tim COLES Michael W.BRUFORD School of Biosciences Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK Centre for Environmental and Marine Sciences University of HullScarboroughUK Operation Wallacea Wallace HouseOld BolingbrokeUK

During the International Tapir Symposium 16-21 Oct 2011,the conservation of Baird's tapir(Tapirus baindi)in Honduras received a boost with the signing of a memorandum of understanding between the Minister Direc-tor of the Honduran Instute of Conservation and Forestry(CF)and the Tapir Specialist Group(TSG)Despite this agreement,accelerating levels of hunting and habitat loss contimue to pose a threat to Baird's tapir in *** ongoing study in Cusuco National park in northwestern Honduras has been monitoring changes in population dynamics of Baird's tapir since 2006 through the collection of occupancy *** study has iden-tified an increase in hunting pressure,coinciding with a drastic decline in the encounter rate with Baird's tapir ***,we examine the significance of a range of demographic variables on Baird's tapir occupancy in Cu-suco National park using the software pRESENCE,and simulate the effects of different management strategies on the fiuture dynamics of the population using the stochastic simulation software VORTEX The predictions of the theoretical population models are compared to observed changes in occupancy *** found that non-intervention resulted in the local extinction of Baird's tapir within a very short time fiame,but that various in-tervention models enabled the population to recover to near carrying *** and extinction prob-ability were shown to respond marlkedly to the increase in hunting pressure;and occupancy models supported the fiuture population predictions generated by *** study suggests that immediate intervention is re-quired to reduce hunting pressure to near historical levels to prevent the imminent 1ocal extinction of the species.

关键词： Baird's tapir Honduras population viability analysis pRESENCE VORTEX

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Viscosity of food boluses affects the axial force in the esophagus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第15期17卷 1982-1988页

作者： Flemming Gravesen niall Behan Asbjorn Drewes Hans Gregersen Mech-Sense Aalborg Hospital Hobrovej 9000 Aalborg Denmark Vysera Biomedical Ltd. BMR House Parkmore Business Park West Galway Ireland Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research Niels Jensens Vej 28000 Aarhus Denmark

AIM: To study the effect of viscosity on axial force in the esophagus during primary peristalsis using a newly validated impedance-based axial force recording technique. METHODS: A probe able to simultaneously measure both axial force and manometry was positioned above the lower esophageal sphincter. potable tap water and three thickened fluids were used to create boluses of different viscosities. Water has a viscosity of 1 mpa·s. The three thickened fluids were made with different concentrations of Clinutren Instant thickener. The viscous fluids were in appearance comparable to pudding (2 kpa·s), yogurt (6 kpa·s) and slush ice (10 kpa·s). Six healthy volunteers swallowed 5 and 10 mL of boluses multiple times. RESULTS: The pressure amplitude did not increase with the bolus viscosity nor with the bolus volume whereas the axial force increased marginally with bolus volume (0.1 > p > 0.05). Both techniques showed that contraction duration increased with bolus viscosity (p pressure but the association became weaker withincreasing viscosity. The pressure amplitude did not increase with the viscosity or bolus volume whereas the axial force increased marginally with the bolus size. CONCLUSION: This indicates a discrepancy between the physiological functions that can be recorded with axial force measurements and pressure measurements.

关键词： Axial force Manometry Esophagus primary peristalsis Viscosity

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Resection and reconstruction of pelvic and extremity soft tissue sarcomas with major vascular involvement: Current concepts

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2016年第5期7卷 293-300页

作者： niall p Mc Goldrick Joseph S Butler Maire Lavelle Stephen Sheehan Sean Dudeney Gary C O'Toole National Sarcoma Service Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery St Vincent’s University Hospital Department of Histopathology St Vincent’s University Hospital Department of Vascular Surgery St Vincent’s University Hospital

Soft tissue sarcoma accounts for approximately 1% of all cancers diagnosed annually in the United States. When these rare malignant mesodermal tumours arise in the pelvis and extremities, they may potentially encase or invade large calibre vascular structures. This presents a major challenge in terms of safe excision while also leaving acceptable surgical margins. In recent times, the trend has been towards limb salvage with vascular reconstruction in preference to amputation. Newer orthopaedic and vascular reconstructive techniques including both synthetic and autogenous graft reconstruction have made complex limb-salvage surgery feasible. Despite this, limb-salvage surgery with concomitant vascular reconstruction remains associated with higher rates of post-operative complications including infection and amputation. In this review we describe the initial presentation and investigation of patients presenting with soft tissue sarcomas in the pelvis and extremities, which involve vascular structures. We further discuss the key surgical reconstructive principles and techniques available for the management of these complex tumours, drawn from our institution's experience as a national tertiary referral sarcoma service.

关键词： Sarcoma Extremities Vascular surgical procedures Limb salvage Reconstruction

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Cross-regional drivers for CCUS deployment

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Clean Energy 2020年第3期4卷 202-232页

作者： Anthony Y.Ku peter J.Cook pingjiao Hao Xiaochun Li John p.Lemmon Toby Lockwood niall Mac Dowell Surinder p.Singh Ning Wei Wayne Xu National Institute of Clean and Low Carbon Energy BeijingP.R.China NICE America Research Mountain ViewCAUSA Centre for CCS Research University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia State Key Laboratory for Geo-mechanics and Geo-Technical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubei ProvinceChina IEA Clean Coal Centre LondonUK Centre for Environmental policy Imperial College LondonUK Centre for process Systems Engineering Imperial CollegeLondonUK

CO_(2)capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)is recognized as a uniquely important option in global efforts to control anthropogenic greenhouse-gas(GHG)*** significant progress globally in advancing the maturity of the various component technologies and their assembly into full-chain demonstrations,a gap remains on the path to widespread deployment in many *** this paper,we focus on the importance of business models adapted to the unique technical features and sociopolitical drivers in different regions as a necessary component of commercial scale-up and how lessons might be shared across *** identify three archetypes for CCUS development-resource recovery,green growth and low-carbon grids-each with different near-term issues that,if addressed,will enhance the prospect of successful commercial *** archetypes provide a framing mechanism that can help to translate experience in one region or context to other locations by clarifying the most important technical issues and policy *** forward,the archetype framework also provides guidance on how different regions can converge on the most effective use of CCUS as part of global deep-decarbonization efforts over the long term.

关键词： CCUS CO_(2) capture decarbonization regional storage utilization

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patterning Functionalized Surfaces of 2D Materials by Nanoshaving

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2022年第1期5卷 23-31页

作者： Katie O'Neill Rob Greig Rita Tilmann Lisanne peters Conor p.Cullen Graeme Cunningham Cian Bartlam Cormac O Coileain niall McEvoy Georg S.Duesberg School of physics Trinity College DublinDublin 2 D02 PN40Ireland AMBER Centre CRANN InstituteTrinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland Institute of physics EIT 2Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversitat der Bundeswehr Miinchen85579 NeubibergGermany School of Chemistry Trinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland

Atomic force microscopy(AFM)and scanning probe lithography can be used for the mechanical treatment of various surfaces,including polymers,metals,and *** technique of nanoshaving,in which materials are removed using the AFM tip,is employed in this work to produce nanopatterns of self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)on two-dimensional(2D)*** materials used are monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs),namely,MoS_(2)and WS_(2),which are noncovalently functionalized with perylene diimide(pDI),a perylene *** approach involves rastering an AFM probe across the surface at a controlled increased load in ambient *** a result of the strong bond between pDI SAM and TMD,loads in excess of 1|1N are required to pattern the *** predefined patterns,including a grating pattern with feature sizes below 250 nm,are *** indicate the high precision of nanoshaving as an accurate and nondestructive lithographic technique for 2D *** work functions of shaved heterostructures are also examined using Kelvin probe force microscopy.

关键词： Nanoshaving AFM KpFM perylene diimide 2D materials MoS_(2) WS_(2) Noncovalent functionalization

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An investigation of the L-shell x-ray conversion efficiency for laser-irradiated tin foils

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plasma Science and Technology 2020年第4期22卷 48-54页

作者： David BAILIE Cormac hyland Raj L SINGH Steven WHITE Gianluca SARRI Francis p KEENAN David RILEY Steven J ROSE Edward G HILL Feilu WANG Dawei YUAN Gang ZHAO Huigang WEI Bo HAN Baoqiang ZHU Jianqiang ZHU pengqian YANG Centre for plasma physics School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen's University BelfastBelfastBT7 INNUnited Kingdom Astrophysics Research Centre School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen's University BelfastBelfastBT7 INNUnited Kingdom plasma physics Group Blackett LaboratoryPrince Consort RoadLondonSW72AZUnited Kingdom Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100012People's Republic of China Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875People's Republic of China Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences.Shanghai 201800People's Republic of China

We have used the ShenguangⅡlaser in third harmonic(351 nm)to investigate the emission of L-shell radiation in the 3.3–4.4 ke V range generated using thin foils of Sn coated onto a parylene substrate with irradiation of order 1015 W cm-2 and nanosecond pulse *** our experiment,we have concentrated on assessing the emission on the non-laser irradiated side as this allows an experimental geometry relevant to experiments on photo-ionised plasmas where a secondary target must be placed close to the source,to achieve x-ray fluxes appropriate to astrophysical *** L-shell conversion efficiencies are estimated to be of order 1%,with little dependence on Sn thickness between 400 and 800 nm.

关键词： conversion efficiency laser plasma x-ray sources laboratory astrophysics

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Biophysics inspired artificial intelligence for colorectal cancer characterization

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Artificial Intelligence in Gastroenterology 2021年第3期2卷 77-84页

作者： niall p Hardy Jeffrey Dalli pól Mac Aonghusa peter M Neary Ronan A Cahill UCD Centre for precision Surgery Dublin 7 D07 Y9AWIreland IBM Research IBM Research IrelandDublin 15 D15 HN66Ireland Department of Surgery University Hospital WaterfordUniversity College CorkWaterford X91 ER8EIreland Department of Surgery Mater Misericordiae University Hospital(MMUH)Dublin 7Ireland

Over the last ten years artificial intelligence(AI)methods have begun to pervade even the most common everyday tasks such as email filtering and mobile *** the necessary quality and safety standards may have understandably slowed the introduction of AI to healthcare when compared with other industries,we are now beginning to see AI methods becoming more available to the clinician in select *** this paper we discuss current AI methods as they pertain to gastrointestinal procedures including both gastroenterology and gastrointestinal *** current state of the art for polyp detection in gastroenterology is explored with a particular focus on deep leaning,its strengths,as well as some of the factors that may limit its application to the field of *** use of biophysics(utilizing physics to study and explain biological phenomena)in combination with more traditional machine learning is also discussed and proposed as an alternative approach that may solve some of the challenges associated with deep *** and present uses of biophysics inspired AI methods,such as the use of fluorescence guided surgery to aid in the characterization of colorectal lesions,are used to illustrate the role biophysicsinspired AI can play in the exciting future of the gastrointestinal proceduralist.

关键词： Gastroenterology Artificial intelligence Gastrointestinal surgery Deep learning Biophysics Machine learning

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